共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Neil C. Sturchio Stanley N. Williams Nestor P. Garcia Adela C. Londono 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1988,50(6):399-412
Hot springs and steam vents on the slopes of Nevado del Ruiz volcano provide evidence regarding the nature of hydrothermal activity within the summit and flanks of the volcano. At elevations below 3000 m, alkali-chloride water is discharged from two groups of boiling springs and several isolated warm springs on the western slope of Nevado del Ruiz. Chemical and isotopic geothermometers suggest that the boiling springs are fed by an aquifer having a subsurface equilibration temperature of at least 175°C, and the sampled warm spring is fed by an aquifer having a subsurface equilibration temperature near 150°C. Similarities in conservative solute ratios (e.g., B/Cl) indicate that the alkali-chloride waters may be related to a single reservoir at depth. Isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen indicate that recharge for the alkali-chloride aquifers comes mostly from higher elevations on the volcano. Steam vents and steam-heated bicarbonate-sulfate springs at higher elevations, along a linear structural trend with the alkali-chloride springs, may be derived partly from the alkali-chloride water at depth by boiling. Steam from the vents (84°C) yields a gas geothermometer temperature of 209°C. Acid-sulfate-chloride and acid-sulfate waters are discharged widely from warm springs above 3000 m on the northern and eastern slopes of Nevado del Ruiz. Similarities in B/Cl and SO4/Cl ratios suggest that the acid waters are mixtures of water from an acid-sulfate-chloride reservoir with various proportions of shallow, dilute groundwater. The major source of sulfate, halogens, and acidity for the acid waters may be high-temperature magmatic gases. Available data on hot spring temperatures and compositions indicate that they have remained fairly stable since 1968. However, the eruption of November 13, 1985 apparently caused an increase in sulfate concentration in some of the acid springs that peaked about a year after the eruption. Long-term monitoring of hot spring compositions over many years will be required to better define the effects of volcanic activity on the Nevado del Ruiz hydrothermal system. 相似文献
2.
We observed long-term changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions in ground water caused by leachate from new volcanic ejecta deposited on the ground surface of the volcanic Miyakejima Island, Japan. Water samples were collected from nine wells and two rain collectors over a period of more than 10 years, and samples of runoff water were collected periodically. The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, alkalinity, Cl− , and SO4 2− ; some of the samples were also analyzed for δ13 C. Because the leachate from the volcanic ejecta contained sulfate, we recorded an increase in SO4 2 − concentrations in the (unconfined) well water. The increase in SO4 2 − was initially detected between less than 1.4 and 5.2 years after the eruption, showing peak concentrations from 2.4 to 6.4 years after the eruption. This delayed response reflects the transit time of downward-moving SO4 2 − in the vadose zone, corresponding to an apparent movement rate of 0.4 to 7.2 cm/d. The rate relates to the mean recharge, represented as a fraction of local mean rainfall, and is calculated using the Cl− balance method. The magnitude of the recorded increases reflects the volume of volcanic mudflow on the ground surface within the basin. For the management of ground water after an eruption, it is therefore important to know the chemical properties of the volcanic ejecta and the spatial distribution of mudflow to estimate the magnitude of the effect of ejecta on ground water quality. 相似文献
3.
Thermal springs of the Boundary Creek hydrothermal system in the southwestern part of Yellowstone Park outside the caldera boundary vary in chemical and isotopic composition, and temperature. The diversity may be accounted for by a combination of processes including boiling of a deep thermal water, mixing of the deep thermal water with cool meteoric water and/or with condensed steam or steam-heated meteoric water, and chemical reactions with surrounding rocks. Dissolved-silica, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ contents of the thermal springs could result from a thermal fluid with a temperature of 200 ± 20°C. Chloride-enthalpy and silica-enthalpy mixing models suggest mixing of 230°C, 220 mg/l Cl− thermal water with cool, low-Cl− components. A 350 to 390°C component with Cl− ≥ 300 mg/l is possibly present in thermal springs inside the caldera but is not required to fit observed spring chemical and isotopic compositions. Irreversible mass transfer models in which a low-temperature water reacts with volcanic glass as it percolates downward and warms, can account for observed pH and dissolved-silica, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, but produces insufficient Cl− or F− for measured concentrations in the warm springs. The ratio of aNa/aH, and Cl− are best accounted for in mixing models. The water-rock interaction model fits compositions of acid-sulfate waters observed at Summit Lake and of low-Cl− waters involved in mixing.The cold waters collected from southwestern Yellowstone Park have δD values ranging from −118 to −145 per mil and δ18O values of −15.9 to −19.4 per mil. Two samples from nearby Island Park have δD values of −112 and −114 per mil and δ18O values of −15.1 and −15.3 per mil. All samples of thermal water plot significantly to the right of the meteoric water line. The low Cl− and variable δD values of the thermal waters indicate isotopic compositions are derived by extensive dilution with cold meteoric water and by steam separation on ascent to the surface. Many of the hot springs with higher δD values may contain in addition a significant amount of high-D, low-Cl−, acid-sulfate or steam-heated meteoric water. Mixing models, Cl− content and isotopic compositions of thermal springs suggest that 30% or less of a deep thermal component is present. For example, the highest-temperature springs from Three Rivers, Silver Scarf and Upper Boundary Creek thermal areas contain up to 70% cool meteoric water and 30% hot water components, springs at Summit Lake and Middle Boundary Creek spring 57 are acid-sulfate or steam-heated meteoric water; springs 27 and 48 from Middle Boundary Creek and 49 from Mountain Ash contain in excess of 50% acid-sulfate water; and Three Rivers spring 46 and Phillips could result from mixing hot water with 55% cool meteoric water followed by mixing of acid-sulfate water. Extensive dilution by cool meteoric water increases the uncertainties in quantity and nature of the deep meteoric, thermal component. 相似文献
4.
利用水文地球化学数据建立温泉水文循环模型, 探讨温泉水文地球化学变化与地震的关系, 对中强地震短临流体异常判断具有重要的意义。 通过对石棉公益海温泉水常量元素、 微量元素和氢氧同位素以及锶同位素的测量, 探讨了该区域水文地球化学时空变化特征。 因此, 于2008年10月至2019年9月, 共对公益海温泉采集水样206个, 并对温泉水中离子组分和浓度, 温泉逸出气组分、 温泉气体同位素、 碳同位素和氢氧同位素含量进行测量。 分析结果表明: ① 公益海温泉主要为Na-HCO3·Cl型水, δD、 δ18O同位素测值分别为-14.19‰~-14.83‰和-108.67‰~-110.47‰, 分布于大气降水线附近, 说明温泉水主要源于大气降水; ② 据SiO2地温计计算热储温度约94.12℃, 循环深度约4.3 km, 表明大气降水入渗地下, 在热源加热后, 沿着断层和裂隙循环到地表, 形成温泉补给; 并且, 锶同位素和微量元素研究发现, 87Sr和86Sr主要来自硅酸盐类矿物, 微量元素含量较低, 水岩反应程度较弱; ③ 通过对研究区进行长时间连续观测发现, 在公益海周围300 km范围内的3个五级以上的地震使温泉水中常量元素的浓度, 分别出现了震前异常、 同震响应和震后效应。 推测这可能是因为公益海温泉位于公益海断裂和安宁河断裂的交会区, 推测周围的地震会触发公益海温泉水中的离子地球化学特征产生变化。 结合已有地质资料与公益海温泉水文地球化学数据, 建立公益海断裂带温泉水文循环模型, 这些对公益海断裂带周围未来中强地震短临流体异常判断具有重要的意义。 相似文献
5.
秦岭北缘断裂带温泉水渗流特征与地震活动水平研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
前人对秦岭北缘断裂带出露温泉水的氢氧同位素、He同位素和SiO2含量进行了计算,得到了温泉水的热储温度和循环深度。在此基础上,运用温度场作用下的热水垂向运移数学模型演算了循环深度和断层带渗透性之间的关系。根据1970～2008年的区域台网资料,对断裂带进行了分段地震活动多参数组合方法分析,并结合历史中强地震(公元前781年～公元2008年)的空间分布特点,分析总结了断层带不同区段渗透特征和地震活动的关系。最后对秦岭北缘断裂带的渗透性成因进行了解释。 相似文献
6.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)
Abstract The isotopic compositions (18O and D) of groundwater, springs, rivers and lake waters are used to account for the hydrological processes in the area of the closed maar Lake Masoko in Tanzania. Springs and groundwater from the northern, western and southern parts of the lake basin display relatively stable compositions, close to those of the mean precipitation, evidencing their fast infiltration rate. Springs located in the eastern part of the basin have enriched compositions, which are on the mixing line between the ?"non evaporated? water and the evaporated lake water. This underlines the hydraulic continuity between the lake and the eastern springs and supports a previous proposition of grounwater outflow from Lake Masoko. The mixing parts of lake water calculated at each spring are constant through time, evidencing the inertia of the system. Furthermore, the mixing part of the lake water decreases linearly with the distance from the lake, suggesting an homogeneous and continuous aquifer. These observations point to a west to east groundwater flow, in agreement with the altitude of different potentials. 相似文献
7.
Variations in the isotopic composition of water were used to define the mechanism of recharge of the Assopos riverplain and the Kalamos Attikis coastal brackish karst springs. The plain is mainly recharged by local rain water, while the karst springs are fed by the Parnis mountain system, the mean recharge altitude being estimated in the order of 870 m. The apparent velocity and the underground pathway of the water feeding the springs were deduced and the most convenient sites for the drilling of production wells for recovery of the spring water before salinization were sited. As a result, 73,000 m3 of water are now pumped per day and used as additional potable water for the Athens area, comprizing about one-sixth of the mean daily consumption. 相似文献
8.
Stable isotope data are presented for precipitation, spring and stream water in a headwater catchments in the Indian Lesser Himalaya. Isotopic contents of phreatic groundwater followed the local meteoric water line and showed minimal alteration by evaporation, suggesting fast recharge. Mean isotopic values for springs and the stream were close to the weighted annual mean for precipitation, indicating recharge was in synchrony with seasonal rainfall distribution. Precipitation exhibited isotopic declines of ?0.6‰ and ?0.2‰ δ18O per 100 m rise in elevation in July and August (monsoon), respectively. The time lag of one month between rainfall and spring discharge, combined with the isotopic lapse rate indicated a recharge elevation of 70–165 m above the spring outflow point, implying the water originated within the catchment. Time series of electrical conductivity and temperature of spring, seepage and stream waters confirmed the rapid recharge and limited storage capacity of the shallow aquifers. 相似文献
9.
Etiology of Salinity and Water Origin,the Main Dilemma of Badab Sourt,a Unique Travertine Spring 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Badab Sourt travertine‐depositing springs in the north of Iran, naturally create a unique surreal landscape containing a range of stepped travertine terraces, similarly found only in a few other places on earth. This site comprises of three travertine saline springs with different values of salinity and discharge (SP1, SP2, and SP3) and one non‐travertine fresh karstic spring (SP4) within a distance of about 300 m. The etiology behind this salinity and the water origin are the main research's dilemma that were investigated using geological, hydrochemical, and stable isotopic techniques. Based on the topography and isotopic results, the carbonate formations in northern (Khoshyeilagh and Mobarak) and southern (Cretaceous limestone) parts of the springs potentially provide the initial hydraulic gradient for deep circulation of the water and CO2. However, geological studies indicate that the hydraulic connectivity of the Cretaceous formation to the travertine springs is interrupted by impermeable geological formations. Based on the proposed conceptual hydrogeological model and mass balance calculations, the SP4 spring is locally recharged from the nearby karstic area of Khoshyeilagh formation through shallow, short and steep groundwater flow circulation that is completely different from the travertine springs. The travertine spring (SP1) is recharged from more distant areas having higher altitudes on Mobarak and Khoshyeilagh limestone and circulate more deeply before emerging on the surface. The SP2 and SP3 springs can derive from the mixing of the saline water (SP1) and fresh water (SP4). The dissolution of interlayers of halite in Shemshak formation is concluded as the main source of salinity. This is the first research article in detail to survey hydrogeology of the travertine springs in Iran. 相似文献
10.
During two expeditions in the Danakil depression (Ethiopia), water samples were collected from: (a) hot springs in Dallol, Salt Plain, in the north of the depression; (b) cold and hot springs around Lake Giulietti; and c) Lake Giulietti.The isotopic results indicate: the water from Dallol hot springs is enriched in18O by isotopic exchange with the rocks as has been observed in many other geothermal areas of the world; b) the isotopic composition of the Lake Giulietti water changes with depth, probably as a consequence of a seasonal stratification; c) the springs in the Lake Giulietti region contain waters which result from the mixing of local meteoric water with a brine, or with lake waters. 相似文献
11.
Pierre Delmelle Minoru Kusakabe Alain Bernard Tobias Fischer Simon de Brouwer Esfeca del Mundo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(8):562-576
The hydrologic structure of Taal Volcano has favored development of an extensive hydrothermal system whose prominent feature
is the acidic Main Crater Lake (pH<3) lying in the center of an active vent complex, which is surrounded by a slightly alkaline
caldera lake (Lake Taal). This peculiar situation makes Taal prone to frequent, and sometimes catastrophic, hydrovolcanic
eruptions. Fumaroles, hot springs, and lake waters were sampled in 1991, 1992, and 1995 in order to develop a geochemical
model for the hydrothermal system. The low-temperature fumarole compositions indicate strong interaction of magmatic vapors
with the hydrothermal system under relatively oxidizing conditions. The thermal waters consist of highly, moderately, and
weakly mineralized solutions, but none of them corresponds to either water–rock equilibrium or rock dissolution. The concentrated
discharges have high Na contents (>3500 mg/kg) and low SO4/Cl ratios (<0.3). The Br/Cl ratio of most samples suggests incorporation of seawater into the hydrothermal system. Water
and dissolved sulfate isotopic compositions reveal that the Main Crater Lake and spring discharges are derived from a deep
parent fluid (T≈300 °C), which is a mixture of seawater, volcanic water, and Lake Taal water. The volcanic end member is
probably produced in the magmatic-hydrothermal environment during absorption of high-temperature gases into groundwater. Boiling
and mixing of the parent water give rise to the range of chemical and isotopic characteristics observed in the thermal discharges.
Incursion of seawater from the coastal region to the central part of the volcano is supported by the low water levels of the
lakes and by the fact that Lake Taal was directly connected to the China sea until the sixteenth century. The depth to the
seawater-meteoric water interface is calculated to be 80 and 160 m for the Main Crater Lake and Lake Taal, respectively. Additional
data are required to infer the hydrologic structure of Taal. Geochemical surveillance of the Main Crater Lake using the SO4/Cl, Na/K, or Mg/Cl ratio cannot be applied straightforwardly due to the presence of seawater in the hydrothermal system.
Received: 12 February 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1998 相似文献
12.
腾冲热海温泉群化学特征与形成机理研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文系统研究了腾冲热海温泉群１１个泉点的化学组分特征,并据此探讨了温泉群的形成机理,用回归统计法计算了地下冷热水混合方程,根据这些混合方程进一步估算出混合前原始热水的温度和部分相关化学组分的浓度。用Ｒ型群分析法计算出了温泉群各化学组分之间的相关系数,得出了各化学组分的相关谱系图,并据此探讨了温泉化学组分的来源。 相似文献
13.
Sulphur isotopic compositions of pyrite, anhydrite and native sulphur in volcanic ashes discharged by the 1979 eruption of Ontake volcano, Nagano, Japan were determined. The isotopic data indicate that sulphate in anhydrite and a part of native sulphur were produced by the disproportionation reaction of sulphite formed by dissolution of SO2 in volcanic gases into water which filled a mud reservoir probably located just below the crater zone. Some part of H2S in volcanic gases was fixed as pyrite and some was oxidised to form native sulphur. Hydrothermal alteration of country rocks to form pyrite, anhydrite and clay minerals had proceeded in the mud reservoir before eruption at temperatures ranging from 110° to 185°C which were estimated by oxygen isotopic fractionation between anhydrite and water.
相似文献14.
Carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanols and sterols in modern sediments from the Nansha Islands sea area are
measured after derivatization to trimethylsilyl ethers by the new isotopic analytical technique of GC/C/IRMS. The effects
of the three added silyl carbon atoms in every alcohol molecule on these compound isotopic compositions and the characteristics
of their carbon isotopic compositions are studied. Then their biological sources are discussed using their carbon isotopic
compositions.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Project of the Multidisciplinary Oceanographic Expedition
of Chinese Academy of Sciences to Nansha Islands. 相似文献
15.
Geochemistry of Quaternary travertines in the region north of Rome (Italy): structural, hydrologic and paleoclimatic implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the Tyrrhenian region of central Italy, late Quaternary fossil travertines are widespread along two major regional structures: the Tiber Valley and the Ancona-Anzio line. The origin and transport of spring waters from which travertines precipitate are elucidated by chemical and isotopic studies of the travertines and associated thermal springs and gas vents. There are consistent differences in the geochemical and isotopic signatures of thermal spring waters, gas vents and present and fossil travertines between east and west of the Tiber Valley. West of the Tiber Valley, δ13C of CO2 discharged from gas vents and δ13C of fossil travertines are higher than those to the east. To the west the travertines have higher strontium contents, and gases emitted from vents have higher 3He/4He ratios and lower N2 contents, than to the east. Fossil travertines to the west have characteristics typical of thermogene (thermal spring) origin, whereas those to the east have meteogene (low-temperature) characteristics (including abundant plant casts and organic impurities). The regional geochemical differences in travertines and fluid compositions across the Tiber Valley are interpreted with a model of regional fluid flow. The regional Mesozoic limestone aquifer is recharged in the main axis of the Apennine chain, and the groundwater flows westward and is discharged at springs. The travertine-precipitating waters east of the Tiber Valley have shallower flow paths than those to the west. Because of the comparatively short fluid flow paths and low (normal) heat flow, the groundwaters to the east of the Tiber Valley are cold and have CO2 isotopic signatures, indicating a significant biogenic contribution acquired from soils in the recharge area and limited deeply derived CO2. In contrast, spring waters west of the Tiber Valley have been conductively heated during transit in these high heat-flow areas and have incorporated a comparatively large quantity of CO2 derived from decarbonation of limestone. The elevated strontium content of the thermal spring water west of the Tiber Valley is attributed to deep circulation and dissolution of a Triassic evaporite unit that is stratigraphically beneath the Mesozoic limestone. U-series age dates of fossil travertines indicate three main periods of travertine formation (ka): 220-240, 120-140 and 60-70. Based on the regional flow model correlating travertine deposition at thermal springs and precipitation in the recharge area, we suggest that pluvial activity was enhanced during these periods. Our study suggests that travertines preserve a valuable record of paleofluid composition and paleoprecipitation and are thus useful for reconstructing paleohydrology and paleoclimate. 相似文献
16.
本文论述了滇西实验场区五条主要活动断裂的地球化学特征,分析了活动断裂的地球化学特征与断裂的活动方式、活动强度和切割深度等构造因素之间的内在联系。提出洱源盆地西北部地壳内约5.4—6.2公里深度范围内发育有较大规模的热动力变质带,洱源地区高温温泉群的形成与这一变质带有关,其流体地球化学组分和同位素组成都具有热动力变质特征。红河断裂(北段)沿线温泉中含有较多的幔源挥发性组分,是典型的深循环增温型温泉 相似文献
17.
Stable isotope compositions (δD, δ18O and δ34S) of volcanic lake waters, gas condensates and spring waters from Indonesia, Italy, Japan, and Russia were measured. The spring fluids and gas samples plot in a broad array between meteoric waters and local high-temperature volcanic gas compositions. The δD and δ18O data from volcanic lakes in East Indonesia plot in a concave band ranging from local meteoric waters to evaporated fluids to waters heavier than local high-temperature volcanic gases. We investigated isotopic fractionation processes in volcanic lakes at elevated temperatures with simultaneous mixing of meteoric waters and volcanic gases. An elevated lake water temperature gives enhanced kinetic isotope fractionation and changes in equilibrium fractionation factors, providing relatively flat isotope evolution curves in δ18O–δD diagrams. A numerical simulation model is used to derive the timescales of isotopic evolution of crater lakes as a function of atmospheric parameters, lake water temperature and fluxes of meteoric water, volcanic gas input, evaporation, and seepage losses. The same model is used to derive the flux magnitude of the Keli Mutu lakes in Indonesia. The calculated volcanic gas fluxes are of the same order as those derived from energy budget models or direct gas flux measurements in open craters (several 100 m3 volcanic water/day) and indicate a water residence time of 1–2 decades. The δ34S data from the Keli Mutu lakes show a much wider range than those from gases and springs, which is probably related to the precipitation of sulfur in these acid brine lakes. The isotopic mass balance and S/Cl values suggest that about half of the sulfur input in the hottest Keli Mutu lake is converted into native sulfur. 相似文献
18.
The Blackfoot Reservoir region in southeastern Idaho is recognized as a potential geothermal area because of the presence of several young rhyolite domes (50,000 years old), Quaternary basalt flows, and warm springs. North- to northwest-trending high-angle normal faults of Tertiary to Holocene age appear to be the dominant structural control of spring activity. Surface spring-water temperatures average 14°C except for a group of springs west of the Reservoir Mountains which average 33°C. Chemical geothermometers applied to fifty water samples give temperatures less than 75°C except for eight springs along the Corral Creek drainage. The springs along Corral Creek have Na-K-Ca temperatures that average 354°C, a direct result of high potassium concentrations in the water. A correction for carbon dioxide applied to the Na-K-Ca geothermometer lowers the estimated temperatures of the anomalous springs to near the measured surface temperatures, and Na-K-Ca-Mg temperatures for the anomalous springs are near 100°C. Mixing model calculations suggest that hot water with a temperature of approximately 120°C may be mixing with cooler, more dilute water in the springs from the Corral Creek drainage, a temperature supported by Na-K-Ca-Mg temperatures and mineral saturation temperatures.Stability relations of low-temperature phases in the system indicate that the large concentrations of potassium in the eight anomalous springs are derived from reactions with the potassium-bearing minerals muscovite and K-feldspar. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gases may be derived through the oxidation of organic matter accompanied by the reduction of sulfate. Concentrations of major and minor elements, and gases found in springs of the Blackfoot Reservoir region are due to water-rock reactions at temperatures less than 100°C.Based on spring geochemistry, a geothermal reservoir of 100°C up to 120°C may exist at shallow (less than 2 km) depths in the Blackfoot Reservoir region. 相似文献
19.
D. Rouwet Y. Taran S. Inguaggiato N. Varley J.A. Santiago Santiago 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
El Chichón volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) erupted violently in March–April 1982, breaching through the former volcano–hydrothermal system. Since then, the 1982 crater has hosted a shallow (1–3.3 m, acidic (pH ∼ 2.2) and warm (∼ 30 °C) crater lake with a strongly varying chemistry (Cl/SO4 = 0–79 molar ratio). The changes in crater lake chemistry and volume are not systematically related to the seasonal variation of rainfall, but rather to the activity of near-neutral geyser-like springs in the crater (Soap Pool). These Soap Pool springs are the only sources of Cl for the lake. Their geyser-like behaviour with a long-term (months to years) periodicity is due to a specific geometry of the shallow boiling aquifer beneath the lake, which is the remnant of the 1983 Cl-rich (24,000 mg/l) crater lake water. The Soap Pool springs decreased in Cl content over time. The zero-time extrapolation (1982, year of the eruption) approaches the Cl content in the initial crater lake, meanwhile the extrapolation towards the future indicates a zero-Cl content by 2009 ± 1. This particular situation offers the opportunity to calculate mass balance and Cl budget to quantify the lake–spring system in the El Chichón crater. These calculations show that the water balance without the input of SP springs is negative, implying that the lake should disappear during the dry season. The isotopic composition of lake waters (δD and δ18O) coincide with this crater lake-SP dynamics, reflecting evaporation processes and mixing with SP geyser and meteoric water. Future dome growth, not observed yet in the post-1982 El Chichón crater, may be anticipated by changes in lake chemistry and dynamics. 相似文献
20.
Apatite is a common accessory mineral in intermediate and felsic igneous rocks. Because apatite has a wide range of trace-element compositions as well as strong resistance to diagenetic alteration, the trace-element composition of apatite has been used for tracing petrogenetic processes of plutonic bodies as well as the tephrochronology of Paleozoic tephras. However, it has been little used in Quaternary volcaniclastic deposits. Our studies of apatite trace-element compositions in representative Quaternary ignimbrites and their corresponding co-ignimbrite ashes in Japan demonstrated that such compositions are not affected by welding and can be successfully used for discrimination of, and correlation between, tephras and ignimbrites. We also could distinguish different tephra deposits and ignimbrites from the same caldera. Although most apatite trace-element compositions did not change throughout the succession of ejecta from a single eruption, the Fe contents in apatite varied across stratigraphic horizons. Consequently, we were able to correlate the Fe contents of apatite phenocrysts in specific ignimbrite horizons and their corresponding co-ignimbrite ashes and thus identify the phase of the eruption during which the major part of a co-ignimbrite ash was released. 相似文献