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南海北部琼东南盆地具有准被动大陆边缘性质,其深水区具有较好的勘探前景.综合利用地震、钻井等资料,从层序地层研究出发,探讨了等时地层格架内新近系储层沉积特征,总结了浅水(陆表海)背景和深水(陆坡)背景下的储层沉积模式.根据储盖层沉积背景,并结合已有钻井资料,指出深水区新近系主要发育深水沉积和浅水沉积两大类型储盖组合:浅水... 相似文献
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国内外深水区油气勘探新进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
深水区油气资源丰富，近年来深水油气勘探不断升温。在全球6大洲18个深水盆地中已发现约580亿桶油当量的油气资源。目前，巴西、美国墨西哥湾的深水油气田已经投入生产，而且产量不断增加，西非地区也已进入开发阶段，西北欧、地中海以及亚太地区的许多国家也都在积极开展深水油气勘探或开发。海上油气钻探不断向深水区和超深水区发展，探井数目也在继续增加，投资力度不断加强，储量每年也有很大的增长。深水油气勘探成功率平均达到30％，其中，西非的勘探成功率最高。深水区烃源岩生烃潜力较好，最好的烃源岩主要分布于侏罗系、白垩系和第三系的地层中，储层以浊积岩储层为主，盖层通常比较发育，大多数圈闭都与地层因素有关。我国南海北部陆坡深水区盆地属准被动边缘盆地，从烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭到运聚条件等都具备了形成大型油气田的基本地质条件，具有丰富的资源前景。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2016,(6)
巴西深水油气勘探不断取得成功,已成为全球常规油气的主要增长点。在过去的10年间,巴西新发现了100多个油气田,超过5×108 t的原油从巴西深水含油气盆地中采出,已占到全球常规油气储量增长的30%。系统梳理了巴西深水含油气盆地的石油地质特征,同时研究对比坎波斯和桑托斯盆地油气成藏模式,研究表明:这2个盆地都拥有盐上层系和盐下层系2种成藏模式,坎波斯盆地发育3套烃源岩、4套储层,盐上层系的勘探重点为盆地内东部蒸发岩不连续或较薄区域的浊积砂岩体,盐下层系应寻找盆地中央隆起带周缘发育背斜和断块构造的有利圈闭;桑托斯盆地发育2套烃源岩、3套储层,圣保罗高地之上构造高部位的湖相碳酸盐岩为未来盐下层系的有利勘探目标,盐上层系的勘探方向为盆地内西部盐岩薄层和过渡盐区。 相似文献
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由于经济和政治的原因,石油工业为找寻新的石油源区,其勘探地区不断地发生改变,注意力由滨岸(如中东地区)转向近海陆架区,在过去的10年里则移向深水大陆边缘(海平面500～2500m以下)地区。尽管该区域的勘探风险和费用较高,但是石油资源的潜在蕴藏量非常巨大。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(10)
本文总结了深水区12种主要灾害地质因素的成因、危害及其识别方法,介绍了深水钻井环境因素调查评价的主要方法,包括:水文气象桌面研究、利用油气勘探三维地震资料进行深水浅层地质致灾因素评价、水文气象现场观测、深水工程物探调查和深水工程地质勘察等,建立了深水钻井环境因素调查评价的总体流程。有别于浅水钻井井场调查,深水钻井环境因素调查评价应遵循"从区域到局部,由面到点,先概略后精细"的原则,从海区、勘查区、三维地震调查区、井场区、井位等不同层次,分别采用分析文献资料、利用油气勘探三维地震资料进行浅层地质致灾因素评价以及进行井场外业调查等方式进行研究,充分利用上一层次的研究成果,用于指导下一层次的研究。采用这种方法,既能不失全貌,满足对较大范围环境因素概貌的掌握,又能经济地、有针对性的实现对重点区域、部位的精细调查评价。同时,要特别重视利用油气勘探三维地震资料进行浅层地质致灾因素评价,它是研究深水地质灾害的重要手段,而且根据实际情况,能替代部分甚至全部的井场外业调查。 相似文献
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海洋可控源电磁勘探技术(Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Methods,mCSEM)通过探测地层电阻率的分布情况,并与地震资料结合来确定构造中是否含有油气,可以大大降低勘探风险.深水油气勘探开发的成本非常高,采用CSEM进行油气勘探已被世界各大石油公司认可.虽然CSEM勘探在深水油气勘探中取得了较好的效果,但其最终的勘探效果受水深及海底地形、目标层埋深、目标层与围岩电阻率差异、目标层厚度与侧向规模、浅部高阻层以及目标层附近非油气高阻异常体等因素的影响.通过对CSEM勘探影响因素的分析认为,在进行CSEM勘探前须对各种因素进行分析,并结合地质资料进行模拟.只有在各种条件满足CSEM勘探的前提下,才能取得令人满意的效果. 相似文献
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近年海域天然气水合物勘探和研究表明,水合物的形成、聚集和分布往往与浅层深水沉积体之间存在紧密联系,随着深水观测和钻探技术的提高以及高分辨三维地震资料的使用,深水沉积体系研究进入了一个快速发展的阶段,在水合物远景区域内对浅层深水沉积体进行精细刻画已成为海域天然气水合物勘探的热点和难点。通过分析国内外深水沉积体系研究现状,从浅层深水沉积体与海域天然气水合物的关系入手,对现有研究方法和手段、深水沉积体的发展趋势进行总结和分析,结合南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探研究现状和存在问题,提出应该在浅层深水沉积体发育类型和沉积背景、浅层深水沉积体的内部构成和空间分布、以及浅层深水沉积体与水合物耦合关系等三方面加强研究,以期为我国海域天然气水合物勘探和研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Lars-Göran Danielsson 《Marine Chemistry》1980,8(3):199-215
Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献