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1.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(3):389-401
In the present study the origin of clay deposits occurring in an inland platform, in central Portugal, was investigated by their mineralogical and chemical composition. The clay deposits, exploited for ceramic industry are composed of silt-clay facies, the Monteira Member and the Arroça Member, which are assigned to the Coja Formation (Paleogene) and the Campelo Formation (Miocene), respectively. These clayey facies show almost compositional homogeneity, especially concerning texture. The mineralogical composition of the Monteira Member displays slightly higher content in smectite and interstratified clay minerals, which is supported by the chemical composition of samples analyzed. Both members present similar REE patterns, displaying an intense weathering record and little variation in the source area composition. Minor element geochemistry suggests low content in heavy minerals and transition metals. REE patterns and ratios of geochemical parameters support the dominant metasedimentary provenance, with a granite source contribution and also mature recycled sediments of continental origin. The study results’ suggest that the clays of these two members have the same source in terms of lithology and recycled sediments from the Hesperian massif. During the deposition of the Arroça Member, a major remobilization of the Monteira Member is suggested, explaining the geochemical similarity of both facies. 相似文献
2.
安徽巢湖地区泥盆纪-石炭纪界线地层的新认识 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对研究区内的五通组几条代表性剖面的岩性、岩相及化石特征和地层区域展布等研究并进行区域对比,结合近年来的区调及科研成果,提出巢湖地区五通组观山段至擂鼓台段中部的下黏土层的时代属于晚泥盆世晚期斯图期,而擂鼓台段中部的上黏土层与上部为早石炭世早期杜内期,泥盆系-石炭系界线位于上、下黏土层之间石英砂岩中(狮子口剖面31层的顶面);擂鼓台段下部与中部之间有一沉积间断面,有铁质风化壳,局部见褐铁矿化砾岩层,这一间断面是泥盆纪末期大海退在本区的反映;巢湖地区五通组并非陆相沉积,而是一套海相的滨岸相沉积,海水主要来自北东方向,与过去的陆相沉积和海侵来自南西方向的论点有所不同。 相似文献
3.
The Lower Siwalik Subgroup represented by the Dodenal (Kamlial Formation) and Ramnagar Members (Chinji Formation) is well exposed at Ramnagar, District Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir State. The Ramnagar Member consists of an alternating sequence of silt and mudstone formed under crevasse-splay and flood-plain environments of deposition. Argillisol and gleysol soils are developed on the Ramnagar Member deposits. Argillisols formed under well-drained conditions at high levels, whereas gleysols formed under poorly drained conditions at low levels of the palaeo-landscape. Geochemical and micromorphological studies of the Ramnagar Member palaeosols suggest formation under wet and humid climatic conditions. Early uplift of the Tibetan Plateau/Himalaya resulted in a contemporaneous change in precipitation and monsoonal climate conditions within the Indian region beginning in Middle Miocene. 相似文献
4.
The Murray Basin in southeastern Australia is a large, shallow, intracratonic basin filled with laterally extensive, undeformed, Cenozoic carbonate and terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks that constitute regional and locally important groundwater aquifers. The marine Oligo‐Miocene strata distributed throughout the southwestern portion of the basin are here encompassed within the Murray Supergroup. The Murray Supergroup (formerly Murray Group) incorporates the marginal marine marl and clay of the Ettrick Formation, Winnambool Formation and Geera Clay in the western and northern portions of the Murray Basin in South Australia, in addition to the limestone that outcrops along the banks of the River Murray in nearly continuous section for 175 km. The stratigraphic nomenclature of these rocks is revised as follows. The boundary between the lower and upper members of the Mannum Formation is redefined and a new Swan Reach Dolomite Member is erected. The Finniss Clay is revised to Finniss Formation possessing three new members: the Cowirra Clay Member, Portee Carbonate Member and Woolpunda Marl Member. The ‘Morgan Limestone’ is raised to Morgan Group and contains three new formations: the Glenforslan Formation, Cadell Formation (with Murbko Marl Member and Overland Corner Clay Member) and Bryant Creek Formation. The Pata Formation is redefined and described. Type and reference sections are erected for each new and revised unit, and are lithostratigraphically correlated to illustrate their stratigraphic architecture. 相似文献
5.
The first fossil echinoids are recorded from the Cayman Islands. A regular echinoid, Arbacia? sp., the spatangoids Brissus sp. cf. B. oblongus Wright and Schizaster sp. cf. S. americanus (Clark), and the clypeasteroid Clypeaster sp. are from the Middle Miocene Cayman Formation. Test fragments of the mellitid clypeasteroid, Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske), are from the Late Pleistocene Ironshore Formation. Miocene echinoids are preserved as (mainly internal) moulds; hence, all species are left in open nomenclature because of uncertainties regarding test architecture. All Miocene taxa are recorded from single specimens apart from the 27 assigned to Brissus. Schizaster sp. cf. S. americanus (Clark) is compared to a species from the Oligocene of the south‐east USA. Brissus sp. cf. B. oblongus is close in gross morphology to a taxon from the Miocene of Malta. Leodia sexiesperforata is identified from fragments with confidence, being the only extant Antillean sand dollar with elongate ambulacral petals that is limited to carbonate substrates. The Miocene echinoids of Grand Cayman, although of limited diversity, are mainly comprised of genera common in comparable mid‐Cenozoic carbonate environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Instrumental surveys of coastal profiles in the Cayman Islands, western Caribbean, reveal the presence of a horizontal erosional bench at +1.9 m on Grand Cayman and a deep horizontal notch at +6.4 m on Cayman Brac, but no raised erosional features on Little Cayman. Each island is surrounded by a horizontal constructional raised reef, usually below +2 m, here dated by U-series methods as 124,000 ± 8000 yr old, and hence broadly contemporary with other western Atlantic raised reefs of similar elevations. The different raised erosional features indicate independent vertical tectonic movement of the three islands, predating the formation of the raised reef. The accordance and horizontality of the raised reef indicates stability of the islands since the last interglacial times. An erosional notch at present sea level has formed since the sea reached its present level less than 2100 B.P., and algal benches on exposed coasts are also in equilibrium with present conditions. 相似文献
7.
核桃园组是泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带的主要含油气目的层。本文依据岩心资料,结合岩石学特征、测井相及其他相标志,将研究区核桃园组划分为扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系。通过对碎屑重矿物资料、钻井和录井资料等相关地质资料的综合分析,编制各段砂砾岩粒度平均值等值线图等图件基础上,系统编制了核桃园组核三段—核一段岩相古地理图。其古地理展布特征是:南部发育扇三角洲,东北部发育辫状河三角洲,西北部发育曲流河三角洲,中部发育湖泊。在核三期到核一期的古地理演化过程中,扇三角洲和曲流河三角洲规模持续缩小,曲流河三角洲在核一期被滨浅湖所充填,湖泊面积逐渐增大。辫状河三角洲规模从核三期到核二期逐渐变大,到核一期开始减小。 相似文献
8.
利用最新的地震资料、探井资料及区域地质资料等,结合前人的研究成果,建立四川盆地及邻区晚震旦世区域地层格架,编制晚震旦世各沉积时期构造—沉积环境图,并探讨构造—沉积演化过程。研究认为,四川盆地及邻区晚震旦世构造—沉积环境展布受基底构造限制,并具一定继承性。晚震旦世开始大规模的碳酸盐岩台地沉积,整体来看自西向东海域环境由浅变深,由古陆过渡至碳酸盐岩台地、向东至台地边缘—斜坡沉积泥质岩,至深水盆地相沉积硅质岩,各相带总体呈南西—北东走向。上震旦统灯影组一段（简称灯一段）沉积时期—灯二段沉积中期为填平补齐沉积充填过程;灯二段沉积时期末—灯三段沉积期在克拉通内拗陷盆地基础上初步形成了平缓的克拉通内部隆起;灯四段沉积时期伴随着海平面的下降,碳酸盐岩台地边界整体向东迁移。灯二、灯四段沉积时期末受桐湾运动两期抬升的影响,川中部分地区形成岩溶不整合面,盆地西部灯三、灯四段遭受强烈剥蚀。灯影组是四川盆地及邻区重要的油气储集层。 相似文献
9.
The lLate Miocene Chagres Formation from northern Panama contains the youngest outcrops of the Panama Canal Basin. Here we report two chondrichthyan assemblages that include 30 taxa from both the Rio Indio and Chagres Sandstone Members of the Chagres Formation. We report 18 new fossil records for Panama and four for tropical America, constituting the most diverse chondrichthyan association for the Cenozoic of Panama. We performed a paleobathymetry analysis based on the modern water depth preference of extant chondrichthyan taxa. The assemblage from the Rio Indio Member is characterized by taxa with neritic affinities, suggesting depths <100 m, whereas the assemblage from the Chagres Sandstone Member is dominated by taxa with oceanic affinities, suggesting 200–300 m water depths. The Chagres Sandstone Member could have accumulated at the edge of a platform–upper slope, bordered by a deep oceanic margin. 相似文献
10.
Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan-delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 1600-m-thick succession of the Miocene Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) exposed in east-central Nevada records predominantly terrigenous clastic deposition in subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta environments and nearshore and offshore lacustrine environments. These four depositional environments are distinguished by particular associations of individual facies (14 defined facies). Subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta facies associations include: ungraded, matrix-and clast-supported conglomerate; normally graded, matrix- and clast-supported conglomerate; ungraded and normally graded sandstone; and massive to poorly laminated mudstone. Subaqueous fan-delta deposits typically have dewatering structures, distorted bedding and interbedded mudstone. The subaerial fan-delta environment was characterized by debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and minor sheetfloods; the subaqueous fan-delta environment by debris flows, high- and low-density turbidity currents, and suspension fallout. The nearshore lacustrine facies association provides examples of deposits and processes rarely documented in lacustrine environments. High-energy oscillatory wave currents, probably related to a large fetch, reworked grains as large as 2 cm into horizontally stratified sand and gravel. Offshore-directed currents produced uncommonly large (typically 1–2 m thick) trough cross-stratified sandstone. In addition, stromatolitic carbonate interbedded with stratified coarse sandstone and conglomerate suggests a dynamic environment characterized by episodic terrigenous clastic deposition under high-energy conditions alternating with periods of carbonate precipitation under reduced energy conditions. Massive and normally graded sandstone and massive to poorly laminated mudstone characterize the offshore lacustrine facies association and record deposition by turbidity currents and suspension fallout. A depositional model constructed for the Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) precludes the existence of all four depositional environments at any particular time. Rather, phases characterized by deposition in subaerial fan, nearshore lacustrine and offshore lacustrine environments alternated with phases of subaerial fan-delta, subaqueous fan-delta and offshore lacustrine deposition. This model suggests that high-energy nearshore currents due to deep water along the lake margin reworked sediment of the fan edge, thus preventing development of a subaqueous fan-delta environment and promoting development of a well-defined nearshore lacustrine environment. Low-energy nearshore currents induced by shallow water along the 相似文献
11.
Sedimentary facies, depositional environments and palaeogeographic evolution of the Neogene Denizli Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Denizli Basin (southwestern Anatolia, Turkey) contains a record of environmental changes dating since the Early Miocene. Detailed facies analysis of the Neogene formations in this half-graben enables us to document successive depositional regimes and palaeogeographic settings. Sedimentation commenced in the Early Miocene with the deposition of alluvial-fan and fluvial facies (K?z?lburun Formation). At this stage, alluvial fans sourced from elevated areas to the south prograded towards the basin centre. The Middle Miocene time saw the establishment of marginal lacustrine and wetland environments followed by the development of a shallow lake (Sazak Formation). The uppermost part of this unit consists of evaporitic saline lake and saline mudflat facies that grade upward into brackish lacustrine deposits of Late Miocene-Pliocene age (Kolankaya Formation). The lake became shallower at the end of the Pliocene time, as is indicated by expansion shoreface/foreshore facies. In the Early Quaternary, the Denizli Basin was transformed into a graben by the activation of ESE-trending normal faults. Alluvial fans were active at the basin margins, whereas a meandering river system occupied the basin central part.Oxygen isotope data from carbonates in the successive formations show an alternation of wetter climatic periods, when fresh water settings predominated, and very arid periods, when the basin hosted brackish to hypersaline lakes. The Neogene sedimentation was controlled by an active, ESE-trending major normal fault along the basin's southern margin and by climatically induced lake-level changes. The deposition was more or less continuous from the Early Miocene to Late Pliocene time, with local unconformities developed only in the uppermost part of the basin-fill succession. The unconformable base of the overlying Quaternary deposits reflects the basin's transformation from a half-graben into a graben system. 相似文献
12.
东濮凹陷位于河南省濮阳市东部,属中原油田。古近系自下而上包括沙河街组一至四段和东营组。古近系原始地层厚度分布反映出东濮凹陷在古近纪具有裂陷盆地的构造古地理特点,但是古近纪不同时期裂陷盆地的特征有明显的差异。沙四段沉积时期发育多沉降—沉积中心的断陷湖盆,且沉积中心不稳定;沙三段沉积时期兰聊断层是控制东濮凹陷的主边界断层,发育由2条相对稳定的NNE向沉降—沉积带构成的复式半地堑断陷湖盆,控凹断层位移沿走向的差异导致局部沉降—沉积中心在次级凹陷带内沿轴向迁移;沙二段、沙一段和东营组沉积时期东濮凹陷发育“反S型”沉降—沉积带,反映兰聊断层南段的垂直位移明显小于中段,而盆地南部的长垣断层与黄河断层的垂直位移量明显增大。古近纪构造古地理演化特征可能是导致断陷湖盆发育的岩石圈动力学机制变化的结果。 相似文献
13.
Deep-water Depositional Features of Miocene Zhujiang Formation in Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin
Eleven lithofacies and five lithofacies associations were indentified in the Miocene Zhujiang Formation on the basis of detailed core analysis.It could be determined that three depositional types developed,namely submarine fan,basin and deep-water traction current.Six microfacies were further recognized within the fan,including main channels in the inner fan,distributary channels in the middle fan,inter-channels,levees and the outer fan.The lower Zhujiang Formation,mainly sandstone associations,was inner fan and inner-middle fan deposits of the basin fan and the slope fan. The middle part,mainly mudstone associations,was outer fan deposits.With the transgression,the submarine fan was finally replaced by the basinal pelagic deposits which were dominated by mudstone associations,siltstone associations,and deep-water limestone associations.During the weak gravity flow activity,the lower channels,the middle-upper outer fans and basin deposits were strongly modified by the deep-water traction current.The identification of the deep-water traction deposition in Miocene Zhujiang Formation would be of great importance.It could be inferred that the deep-water traction current had been existing after the shelf-break formation since the Late Oligocene (23.8 Ma) in the Baiyun sag,influencing and controlling the sediment composition,the distribution, and depositional processes.It would provide great enlightenment to the paleo-oceanic current circulation in the northern South China Sea. 相似文献
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15.
The Redwall Limestone of the Grand Canyon forms a major mineral district, its breccia pipes being host to rich uranium and base-metal deposits. Yet karst processes as a mechanism for preparing host rocks for ore deposition have been little studied. 相似文献
16.
S. W. PETTERS 《Sedimentology》1984,31(6):805-810
ABSTRACT
An anomalous sequence of thick fossiliferous marine shale of late Oligocene-early Miocene age, here termed the Opuama Shale Member, occurs within the paralic Agbada Formation in the subsurface of the western Niger Delta. The Opuama Shale fills a deep palaeochannel which was cut into Eocene-early Oligocene paralic beds. Planktonic and benthic foraminifera suggest that deposition in the channel began in the late Oligocene-early Miocene at outer shelf-slope depths, and that by the late early Miocene the channel had filled to shallow neritic depths. The channel, which is believed to be of submarine origin, is termed the Opuama canyon. The Opuama canyon originated during the pronounced early-Middle Oligocene drop in sea-level, and was cut by turbidity currents. It was filled, during the major late Oligocene-early Miocene rise of sea-level.
The location of the Opuama canyon in the western re-entrant of the Niger Delta supports Burke's (1972) conclusion that the western and eastern (where ancient submarine canyon fills are known) re-entrants of the delta are potential sites for ancient submarine canyons. Burke based his conclusion on the observation that the eastern and western re-entrants of the modern delta are areas where opposing longshore drifts converge and generate turbidity currents which cut submarine canyons. 相似文献
An anomalous sequence of thick fossiliferous marine shale of late Oligocene-early Miocene age, here termed the Opuama Shale Member, occurs within the paralic Agbada Formation in the subsurface of the western Niger Delta. The Opuama Shale fills a deep palaeochannel which was cut into Eocene-early Oligocene paralic beds. Planktonic and benthic foraminifera suggest that deposition in the channel began in the late Oligocene-early Miocene at outer shelf-slope depths, and that by the late early Miocene the channel had filled to shallow neritic depths. The channel, which is believed to be of submarine origin, is termed the Opuama canyon. The Opuama canyon originated during the pronounced early-Middle Oligocene drop in sea-level, and was cut by turbidity currents. It was filled, during the major late Oligocene-early Miocene rise of sea-level.
The location of the Opuama canyon in the western re-entrant of the Niger Delta supports Burke's (1972) conclusion that the western and eastern (where ancient submarine canyon fills are known) re-entrants of the delta are potential sites for ancient submarine canyons. Burke based his conclusion on the observation that the eastern and western re-entrants of the modern delta are areas where opposing longshore drifts converge and generate turbidity currents which cut submarine canyons. 相似文献
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18.
济阳坳陷东部长堤断裂是一条特征明显的走滑断裂带,以T2地震反射层（沙河街组二段底面反射层）为界,发育深层次和浅层次两套断裂系统。深层次断裂系统为长堤走滑断裂带的主体,发育R-P断层组合,剖面上呈丝带状构造样式,平面上呈发辫状构造样式;浅层次断裂系统由一组近南北向左阶羽状雁列带组成,雁列带中的每条断层为近南北向走滑断裂的T断层。Es3-Es2下期,长堤走滑断裂带开始活动,发育深层次断裂系统,系由济阳坳陷和渤中坳陷之间的构造调节作用所造成;Es上2-Ed期,发育浅层次断裂系统,与长堤深层次断裂持续活动以及沉积盖层的逐渐增厚有关,同时,郯庐断裂带开始对研究区的构造格局产生影响;Ng-Nm期,研究区处在巨大的北东向走滑递进应变带中,长堤近南北向走滑断裂带让位于郯庐断裂带控制的北东向走滑体系。 相似文献
19.
Sequence stratigraphic framework for mixed aeolian,peritidal and marine environments: Insights from the Pennsylvanian subtropical record of Western Pangaea 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sébastien Blanchard Christopher R. Fielding Tracy D. Frank James E. Barrick 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):1929-1970
Due to difficulties in correlating aeolian deposits with coeval marine facies, sequence stratigraphic interpretations for arid coastal successions are debated and lack a unifying model. The Pennsylvanian record of northern Wyoming, USA, consisting of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sequences deposited in arid, subtropical conditions, provides an ideal opportunity to study linkages between such environments. Detailed facies models and sequence stratigraphic frameworks were developed for the Ranchester Limestone Member (Amsden Formation) and Tensleep Formation by integrating data from 16 measured sections across the eastern side of the Bighorn Basin with new conodont biostratigraphic data. The basal Ranchester Limestone Member consists of dolomite interbedded with thin shale layers, interpreted to represent alternating deposition in shallow marine (fossiliferous dolomite) and supratidal (cherty dolomite) settings, interspersed with periods of exposure (pedogenically modified dolomites and shales). The upper Ranchester Limestone Member consists of purple shales, siltstones, dolomicrites and bimodally cross‐bedded sandstones in the northern part of the basin, interpreted as deposits of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate tidal flats. The Tensleep Formation is characterized by thick (3 to 15 m) aeolian sandstones interbedded with peritidal heteroliths and marine dolomites, indicating cycles of erg accumulation, preservation and flooding. Marine carbonates are unconformably overlain by peritidal deposits and/or aeolian sandstones interpreted as lowstand systems tract deposits. Marine transgression was often accompanied by the generation of sharp supersurfaces. Lags and peritidal heteroliths were deposited during early stages of transgression. Late transgressive systems tract fossiliferous carbonates overlie supersurfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are lacking, either due to non‐deposition or post‐depositional erosion. The magnitude of inferred relative sea‐level fluctuations (>19 m), estimated by comparison with analogous modern settings, is similar to estimates from coeval palaeotropical records. This study demonstrates that sequence stratigraphic terminology can be extended to coastal ergs interacting with marine environments, and offers insights into the dynamics of subtropical environments. 相似文献
20.
D. F. Lascelles 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):799-806
The Marra Mamba Iron Formation is the basal member of the Hamersley Group in Western Australia and is host to major iron‐ore deposits in its upper Mt Newman Member. Previous studies have suggested that the Marra Mamba Iron Formation in the eastern Chichester Range was deposited in an isolated basin behind a barrier reef and was greatly reduced in thickness. New drilling covering a large part of the Chichester Range shows that only the lower part of the Nammuldi Member, the lowest unit of the Marra Mamba Iron Formation, remains over most of the range. However, 15 m of the Mt Newman Member, the complete MacLeod Member and the upper part of the Nammuldi Member were drilled in small north‐south synclines preserved near Mulga Downs homestead. This drilling shows that the Marra Mamba Iron Formation is similar in all respects to other occurrences in the Hamersley Province. There is no evidence of facies change or reduced thickness and therefore no evidence for a northern limit to the deposition of the Hamersley Group. Apart from the small synclines near Mulga Downs homestead, the Fortescue River alluvial deposits abutting the Chichester Range are underlain by the Roy Hill Shale Member of the Jeerinah Formation. 相似文献