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1.
The vernal pool fairy shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi) (Eng et al. in J Crustac Biol 10:247–277, 1990) is broadly distributed throughout California’s Central Valley with disjunct populations in southern California and southern
Oregon. A survey of genetic variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was conducted from individuals
collected throughout the range of the species. Phylogenetic analysis of unique haplotypes could not resolve any significant
genetic partitions below the species level. A detailed analysis of samples from two pools indicates that sample sizes underestimate
overall variation, but that the general phylogeographic pattern still holds. Evidence was found for a putative long-distance
dispersal event between Central Valley sites and the Oregon site. These results indicate that geographically limiting stochastic
colonization followed by local diversification may be important in governing current genetic structure for this species. Future
and current conservation/restoration efforts should recognize the geographic limitations to population structure for this
species and focus on local endemic genetic variation. 相似文献
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Valerio Ketmaier 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2002,64(1):66-75
Fifteen populations belonging to the Proasellus coxalis-group were surveyed for genetic variation at 19 enzymatic loci in order to clarify the degree of genetic structuring of this species at the scale of Central Italy. With Neighbour-Joining analysis, it was possible to identify two main clusters, the first grouping populations sampled in coastal areas of Central Italy, the second comprising several populations from inland areas of the Apennines. In the first group, genetic relationships follow a geographic scheme, with populations arranged according to the proximity of the collecting sites. The inland populations have less clear geographic relationships and a higher degree of genetic differentiation. In view of the paleogeography of the study areas, I hypothesise a more recent penetration of this taxon into the Central Italian alluvial coastal plains (subjected to cyclical marine ingressions during the Quaternary) from sources of colonisation in the inland areas. The higher genetic differentiation of the inland populations presumably reflects a longer evolutionary history and could be explained by the periodic fragmentation of river catchments during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Such an evolutionary scenario is supported by F-statistics analyses. Effective dispersal of individuals between populations can be hypothesised for the coastal populations but not for the inland ones. On the whole, there is a pattern of isolation by distance, but a large amount of gene flow seems to reflect historical rather than ongoing gene exchange. 相似文献
4.
M. Luczynski B. Ritterbusch-Nauwerck 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1995,57(2):127-135
Mature coregonids of Lake Mondsee were caught during spawning time on three known spawning sites. The aim of the study was to reveal whether the three stocks are reproductively isolated, and in consequence to decide whether they should be managed as separate stocks or as one panmictic population.Fish were examined morphologically and their tissue samples were examined electrophoretically for the enzyme products of 37 genetic loci.The gill-raker numbers (28–40) and electrophoretic alleles were typical for European whitefish,Coregonus lavaretus. No genetic differentiation (Nei's genetic distance D = 0.000) was found between the three samples studied. The genetic characteristics of the Lake Mondsee whitefish population, based on pooled genetic data, was compared to several other European whitefish populations. The average heterozygosity (6.5%) was high as usually in whitefish; genetic distances between the Lake Mondsee and three other European whitefish populations were within the range reported for the geographically distant populations of the species. Management implications of the results are briefly discussed.Contribution No. 21 in the Program of Joint Investigation of Holarctic Fishes among Russia, Canada, Finland, and Poland 相似文献
5.
Dr. Wolfgang Hofmann 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1984,46(1):139-146
A late glacial population ofBosmina longispina Leydig from the Lobsigensee (Swiss Plateau) showed significant morphological variation, particularly in the number of antennule
segments, in the period from the Oldest Dryas to the Preboreal. As there was no indication of introgressive hybridisation
it is presumed that the variation is a result of environmental changes. The subfossilBosmina longispina resembles recent fennoscandian and late glacial north German forms rather than recent alpine populations. 相似文献
6.
基于COI基因序列的太湖新银鱼遗传多样性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(COI)分子标记分析长江中下游太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)8个地理种群132个样本的遗传多样性.该基因630 bp片段的碱基序列共检出8个核苷酸变异位点(变异率1.27%),其中局域性单倍型居多(75%),群体单倍型多样性较高(h=0.576±0.036),而核苷酸多样性较低(π=0.00112±0.00204).不同地理种群遗传多样性差异显著:有人工移植历史种群遗传多样性较高、隔离度较高的种群遗传多样性较低,但大部分的遗传变异来自于种群内(54.83%),反映出地理隔离和人为干扰对太湖新银鱼遗传格局影响显著.研究表明COI基因适于银鱼科鱼类物种鉴别和系统发育研究,同时可为同种种群间遗传关系分析提供一定的信息. 相似文献
7.
休眠卵库作为淡水枝角类生物与遗传信息的储藏库,从沉积物休眠卵库中萌发的枝角类对现生种群的数量与种群遗传结构有着直接的影响.分别采集流溪河水库盔型溞的现生种群和沉积物表层(0~10 cm)的休眠卵,扩增现生种群与休眠卵的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因,构建了单倍型网络.休眠种群相比现生种群有着较高的单倍型多样性和核酸多样性,初期现生种群分别为0.562、0.00104,末期现生种群分别为0.726、0.00331,休眠种群分别为0.815、0.00761.流溪河盔型溞现生种群与休眠种群存在双向基因流,现生种群到休眠种群的有效迁移率为490.9,休眠种群到现生种群的有效迁移率为527.5.通过构建贝叶斯系统树验证了休眠种群和现有种群中并不存在隐种或者亚种的分化,休眠种群与现生种群之间没有出现较大的遗传分化,现生种群遗传多样性来自于休眠种群,水库的休眠种群更能反映种群真实的遗传多样性.休眠种群与现生种群之间的基因流与休眠卵库大小无关,与休眠卵的萌发有关. 相似文献
8.
采用特异性引物对中华刺鳅基因组DNA进行扩增和测序,获得了江苏省5个湖泊的中华刺鳅种群线粒体cyt b基因767 bp的序列.分析表明,cyt b基因中A+T含量略高于G+C含量,144个中华刺鳅共获得cyt b基因单倍型28个,变异位点38个,其中单倍型Hap1分布最为广泛,可能为祖先型单倍型.平均单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.58751和0.00214,遗传多样性较低.群体间遗传分化系数为0.0356,绝大多数的遗传变异都来自群体内部,而群体间的遗传分化极小.构建的系统进化树未出现明显的以单个湖泊群体的聚簇,5个湖泊的种群间基因交流极其强烈.研究结果表明,当前5个湖泊的中华刺鳅遗传多样性水平比较低,亟待加强保护. 相似文献
9.
Long-term contamination of the marine environment surrounding a lead smelter offered a unique opportunity to examine how pollutants might have acted to alter genetic characteristics of populations of organisms in the receiving system. This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to compare the genetic diversity of populations of the prawn, Leander intermedius, and the isopod, Platynympha longicaudata from the smelter discharge site with reference populations. The genetic diversity of the prawn population from the smelter discharge site (Port Pirie) was lower than that found in one reference population, and not significantly different from the other two reference populations. Genetic diversity of the Port Pirie population of isopods was found to be significantly lower than that of all reference populations. Prawns and isopods were also exposed to metal mixtures in the laboratory in a similar ratio to that found in seston near the smelter effluent discharge site. Both pre-exposed and reference populations of prawns tolerated elevated levels of metals and exhibited no significant difference in response. This contrasted with the isopods, with the pre-exposed isopod population showing greater tolerance to elevated metal levels compared with the reference population. These results highlight the need to include a number of reference populations for comparative purposes in genetic diversity studies, and the need to assess the influence of pollution on the genetic diversity of more than one species if genetic diversity analyses are to be used to gauge remediation success. 相似文献
10.
Laura Pavesi Alan Deidun Elvira De Matthaeis Ralph Tiedemann Valerio Ketmaier 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(3):587-596
Talitrids are semiterrestrial crustacean amphipods inhabiting sandy and rocky beaches; they generally show limited active dispersal over long distances. In this study we assessed levels of population genetic structure and variability in the talitrid amphipod Orchestia montagui, a species strictly associated to stranded decaying heaps of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. The study is based on six populations (153 individuals) and covers five basins of the Mediterranean Sea (Tyrrhenian, Ionian, Adriatic, Western and Eastern basins). Samples were screened for polymorphisms at a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding for the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI; 571 base pairs) and at eight microsatellite loci. MtDNA revealed a relatively homogeneous haplogroup, which clustered together the populations from the Western, Tyrrhenian and Eastern basins, but not the populations from the Adriatic and Ionian ones; microsatellites detected two clusters, one including the Adriatic and Ionian populations, the second grouping all the others. We found a weak geographic pattern in the genetic structuring of the species, with a lack of isolation by distance at either class of markers. Results are discussed in terms of probability of passive dispersal over long distances through heaps of seagrass. 相似文献
11.
In the present study, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear D2 region of 28S rDNA sequence
data to examine the taxonomic status of the water mite species Hygrobates nigromaculatus from two types of freshwater habitats: lentic (lakes) and lotic (streams). Previous hypotheses about (sub)species status
of populations inhabiting lakes and streams based on differences in morphometric data and life-cycle strategy (parasitic vs.
non-parasitic larvae) were strongly supported by molecular data. Levels of COI and D2 28S rDNA differentiation between lake
and stream populations were much higher (ca. 18 and 7.5%, respectively) than those typically observed for populations of a
single species. Both lake and stream populations showed similar high levels of gene diversity (Hd = 0.894 and 0.836, respectively).
However, nucleotide within-population polymorphism was more than twice as high in lake populations as that in stream populations
(π = 1.33 and 0.60%, respectively). We hypothesize that the ancestral lake-dwelling population originated from a stream form
with parasitic larvae (here: H. setosus nov. stat.). For the observed populations, H. nigromaculatus individuals could be separated from H. setosus by distinct morphometric characters. The loss of phoretic parasitic larvae greatly decreased dispersal ability of lake-dwelling
mites and consequently also the gene flow between lake populations. Thus, relatively more differentiated genetic structure
in lake populations probably results from a stronger isolation between particular lake habitats, but this hypothesis needs
further extensive studies. 相似文献
12.
江浙莼菜遗传多样性和遗传结构的ISSR分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用ISSR标记对分布于江苏和浙江的濒危水生植物莼菜(Brasenia schreberi J.F Gmelin)的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行研究.从77个引物中筛选出12个引物用于研究,共扩增出101条扩增带,其中多态性条带16条,占15.84%,平均每个引物扩增的条带数为8.4条.结果表明:莼菜的遗传多样性水平较低(种水平的遗传多样性Ht为0.0395,Shannon's信息指数Hs为0.0630;种群水平的遗传多样性 Ht、胁分别为0.0391、0.0335).大部分遗传变异存在于种群内(85.79%),种群间的基因流为3.0199.营养繁殖、生境丧失与片断化以及人工引种等人为干扰对莼菜的遗传多样性和遗传结构产生重要影响. 相似文献
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Matson CW Franson JC Hollmén T Kilpi M Hario M Flint PL Bickham JW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1066-1071
Common eiders nesting in the Baltic Sea are exposed to generally high levels of contaminants including potentially genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorines. Blood samples were collected from eiders at eight sites in the Baltic Sea and two sites in the Beaufort Sea. DNA content variation was estimated using the flow cytometric method, and subsequently utilized as a biomarker of genetic damage. We observed no significant differences in genetic damage among populations within either the Baltic or Beaufort Seas. However, eider populations from the Baltic Sea had significantly elevated estimates of genetic damage compared to populations from the Beaufort Sea. 相似文献
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16.
Cong Long YunJiang Min XiuXia Zhao ChunLei Yany Hang Sun HouYuan Lü LingYu Tang ZhongZe Zhou 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(8):1760-1770
The Hengduan Mountains (henceforth H-D Mountains) on the Tibet Plateau are a distribution and diversity center for many alpine genera. We examine patterns of genetic variation in an arctic-alpine plant to evaluate the possibility that the H-D Mountains constitute the area of origin of the species as well as to uncover postglacial migration routes. 220 individuals of the arctic-alpine plant Koenigia islandica were sampled from 26 populations distributed in western China and northern Finland. DNA haplotypes were identified using restriction site analysis of two chloroplast DNA intergene spacer regions, atpB-rbcL and trnL-trnF. We examined the geographical distribution of haplotype diversity in relation to latitude, and also compared various indices of diversity in putatively glaciated and unglaciated regions. Patterns of migration were inferred using nested clade analysis. A total of 25 haplotypes were detected. High haplotype diversity was found in the H-D Mountains. H3 and its radiated haplotypes were distributed in the Himalayas. Two haplotypes were fixed concurrently in the H-D Mountains and northern Finland. High genetic diversity of K. islandica and high species diversity of K. islandica are expected in the origin area. Our observations suggest that the H-D Mountains are not only the place of origin of K. islandica, but also the refugia for K. islandica on the Tibet Plateau. What is more, the migration route for the arctic-alpine plant K. islandica must have originated in the region defined by the H-D Mountains in western China extending northward to the Arctic circumpolar, and moved westward along the Himalayas, then northward across the Altay Mountains and the Central Siberian Plateau at different time periods. 相似文献
17.
G. Ribi R. Tardent P. Tardent C. Scascighini 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1985,47(1):45-56
Hydra populations were sampled every two weeks for three years in Lake Zürich and for one year in Lake Maggiore.Hydra fusca was most abundant followed byH. circumcincta andH. attenuata. The first two species showed strong seasonal fluctuations in abundance. Most of the reproduction occurred by budding. In
all species, approximately one third of the individuals carried buds while the proportion of individuals carrying gametes
was 1.6% inH. fusca and 13% inH. circumcincta in Lake Zürich. In Lake Maggiore very few sexual individuals were found. The ciliate commensalsKerona polyporum andTrichodina pediculus were observed on approximately one third of the individuals. 相似文献
18.
长江中下游5个湖泊黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)种群线粒体细胞色素b基因的遗传变异分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对长江中下游5个湖泊的黄颡鱼种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因进行了PCR扩增、测序,获得了955 bp的序列.分析显示,cyt b序列中A+T含量略高于G+C含量,共检测到54个变异位点,60个样本得到37个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性为0.945±0.018,核苷酸多样性为0.00419±0.00043,遗传多样性表现中等.太湖种群与滆湖种群间的遗传距离最远为0.00651,鄱阳湖种群和巢湖种群之间遗传距离最近为0.00375.分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,群体间遗传分化系数Fst为0.0684,几乎所有变异都来自群体内,群体间遗传分化极小.cyt b序列构建UPGMA系统进化树显示,5个种群没有分化成不同的分枝谱系,种群间存在广泛的基因交流. 相似文献
19.
《Limnologica》2015
The clade of the Iranian freshwater Aphanius species from endorheic and exorheic drainage basins contains three subclades, of which the Aphanius sophiae subclade with seven species is the most specious one. Recently, two previously not known populations of Aphanius were discovered in two isolated basins; one in the Arjan Wetland (Helleh subbasin), and the other in the Semirom spring (Karun Basin), both are located in the Central Zagros Mountains (SW Iran). The objective of this study is to investigate their taxonomic status, to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships and to contribute to future conservation strategies and habitat management of the freshwater species of Aphanius in Iran. Methods include analysis of genetic data based on mtDNA (cyt b), combined with meristics, morphometrics, scale sizes (J-indices) and otolith data. The results based on cyt b clearly indicate that two species are present in the Arjan Wetland, one is closely related to A. sophiae (currently thought to be restricted to the Kor Basin), the other represents Aphanius shirini (previously only known from its type locality Paselari spring). However, significant phenotypic differences are not present between these two species. The second population from the Semirom spring is sister to A. sophiae (Kor Basin) according to cyt b data, but differs significantly from this species with regard to the phenotype. The presence of A. shirini in the Arjan Wetland is most likely be explained by man-made introduction because of the recent droughts. The similarity of the two species present in the Arjan Wetland may be due to phenotypic plasticity, but also hybridization could have played a role. The isolation of populations of A. sophiae is discussed in the context of the active geological history and climate change, and it is likely that their divergence happened in the Early or Middle Holocene (c. 11,700–4000 y. ago). The presence of A. sophiae in the Helleh subbasin and Karun Basin extends the currently known zoogeographic range of this species, which previously has only been reported from the Kor Basin. Such knowledge is important for future conservation strategies and habitat management. 相似文献
20.
We present methods developed for the small-sizedDaphnia species,D. galeata, D. hyalina, D. cucullata, and their hybrids, which facilitate the use of DNA variation in population studies. Described are large-scale production of material from single genotypes ofDaphnia and subsequent extraction of total DNA. The average DNA yields ranged between 6 µg per gram wet weight (D. cucullata) and 12 µg per gram wet weight (D. galeata). For comparison, the large-sized speciesD. pulex was tested and yielded an average of 28 µg DNA per gram wet weight. The DNA isolated in this manner lends itself well to molecular genetic techniques suited for population studies.Reprint requests to B. Streit. 相似文献