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2010年6月28日,贵州省关岭县发生大规模滑坡,2010年6月30日中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心根据国土资源部中国地质调查局的部署,紧急派机飞往灾区进行航摄,获取了灾后第3天的高分辨率航摄图像数据,经正射处理后,进行解译提供灾区使用。该解译以QuickBird数据、航摄数据及1∶50 000数字地形、航摄立体像对生成的DEM分别作为滑坡前后的遥感数据源及地理控制数据源。采用数字滑坡技术估算了628关岭滑坡灾害的灾损,解译了滑坡的形态结构及运动方式,利用滑坡前后DEM计算了原斜坡滑走及堆积的滑坡方量,分析了628关岭滑坡成因及存在的地质灾害隐患,并提出防治措施建议。 相似文献
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The July 1, 2017 Wangjiawan landslide in Ningxiang County,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yuen Zhang Deying Li Kunlong Yin Lixia Chen Yong Xu Tsehaie Woldai Zhipeng Lian 《Landslides》2018,15(8):1657-1662
Many landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall from 29 June to 1 July 2017 in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, China. A field investigation into one of the landslides, known as the Wangjiawan landslide, was undertaken on July 3, 2017, to understand the landslide mechanisms and the factors that triggered the event. The landslide is a translational and rotational slide that degraded downslope to an earth flow. It occurred on a steeply dipping mud-rich slate intercalation. Field investigation shows that the landslide had a movement rate of more than 25 m/s and had been triggered by up to 338 mm of continuous rainfall over 2 days. The landslide was fast-moving because it occurred on a steep slope and showed a rapid reduction in shear strength. The landslide resulted in nine fatalities and 19 injuries, most during initial rescue efforts. To mitigate a possible secondary landslide disaster, later emergency measures including evacuation of the survivors, setting up warning signs, and covering landslide cracks with plastic sheeting were adopted. 相似文献
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Kaiheng Hu Chaohua Wu Jinbo Tang Alessandro Pasuto Yanji Li Shuaixing Yan 《Landslides》2018,15(12):2465-2474
On June 24, 2017 (21:39 UTC, June 23rd), a catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village of Mao County, Sichuan Province, China. Soon after the event, some research teams carried out field investigations in order to both support the emergency operations and to understand the failure mechanism and possible evolutionary scenarios. Based on further in-depth interpretation of high-resolution remote-sensing images and detailed field surveys, it is newly found that there are at least six old rockfall deposits in the source area that prove the historic activity of the landslide scarp. Seismic data of the event and morphological evidences along the slope indicate that the landslide was preceded by a significant rockfall. Mechanical calculations show that the surface force due to pore water was far less than the impact force due to the rockfall. It means that the subsequent major rock avalanche was more likely due to the impact of the rockfall on the rock slope below, which broke the rock bridges and caused drop of shear resistance along the fractures. According to these new understandings, a different triggering mechanism for the landslide is proposed. 相似文献
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On June 24, 2017, a catastrophic landslide (Xinmo landslide) occurred on the left bank of Songping river in Diexi town, Sichuan Province, China. Based on field investigations, this paper tries to reveal the cause and mechanism of the initiation and development of the Xinmo landslide. Xinmo landslide is located in the so called “Minshan block.” This tectonic block is very active and generates many earthquakes. Among them, the 1933 Diexi Ms 7.5 earthquake which had an indispensable effect on the occurrence of the Xinmo landslide, whose distance to the recent Xinmo landslide is only 8.7 km. The 1933 earthquake triggered the collapse of the Qianxin gully, which damaged the rock mass forming the source of the Xinmo landslide and creating a free prominent ridge. The later 1976 Songpan Ms 7.2 earthquake and the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake further damaged the integrity of the rock mass in the source area of the 2017 Xinmo landslide. The Xinmo landslide developed on a typical bedding dip slope with metasandstone intercalated with a few thin bedded slate layers. The slate intercalation gives the slope a very low shear strength in the dip direction and the long term rainfall may have softened the slip zone and the locked section. These two aspects have promoted the occurrence of Xinmo landslide. 相似文献
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Evaluation of potential landslide damming: Case study of Urni landslide,Kinnaur, Satluj valley,India
This work aims to understand the process of potential landslide damming using slope failure mechanism,dam dimension and dam stability evaluation. The Urni landslide, situated on the right bank of the Satluj River, Himachal Pradesh(India) is taken as the case study. The Urni landslide has evolved into a complex landslide in the last two decade(2000-2016) and has dammed the Satluj River partially since year 2013,damaging ～200 m stretch of the National Highway(NH-05). The crown of the landslide exists at an altitude of ～2180-2190 m above msl, close to the Urni village that has a human population of about 500.The high resolution imagery shows ～50 m long landslide scarp and ～100 m long transverse cracks in the detached mass that implies potential for further slope failure movement. Further analysis shows that the landslide has attained an areal increase of 103,900 ± 1142 m^2 during year 2004-2016. About 86% of this areal increase occurred since year 2013. Abrupt increase in the annual mean rainfall is also observed since the year 2013. The extreme rainfall in the June, 2013; 11 June(～100 mm) and 16 June(～115 mm),are considered to be responsible for the slope failure in the Urni landslide that has partially dammed the river. The finite element modelling(FEM) based slope stability analysis revealed the shear strain in the order of 0.0-0.16 with 0.0-0.6 m total displacement in the detachment zone. Further, kinematic analysis indicated planar and wedge failure condition in the jointed rockmass. The debris flow runout simulation of the detached mass in the landslide showed a velocity of ～25 m/s with a flow height of ～15 m while it(debris flow) reaches the valley floor. Finally, it is also estimated that further slope failure may detach as much as 0.80 ±0.32 million m^3 mass that will completely dam the river to a height of 76±30 m above the river bed. 相似文献
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国际滑坡研究的新进展 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
本文根据２０００年６月２６～３０日在英国如开的第八届国际滑坡学术讨论会的主题报告,分组报千和会议文集所报导的近几年来国际滑坡的最新研究成果,对滑坡与全球气候变化、滑坡灾害风险评价、滑坡机制、海岸带滑坡和海底滑坡五个方面作了简要介绍与分析,这些方面的成果代表了当前国际滑坡研究的进展和动态,对促进我国今后的滑坡理论和灾害防治研究将会起到一定的帮助作用。 相似文献
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水库岸坡滑坡稳定性主要受库水位涨落的影响。由于库区水位变化可概化为二维非稳定流,地下水位变化可采用有限元模拟。三峡水库正常运行时的水位涨落速度在0.6～4.0m/d、高程145～175m之间变化,通过有限元法对库区的马家沟滑坡模拟表明:库水位和滑坡体内的地下水位同步升降,水力梯度很小,因此水位涨落对滑坡的影响主要是浮托力作用。在此条件下,采用Morgenstern-Price法对滑坡稳定性进行计算表明,随着水位上升,滑坡稳定性降低,水位上升到165m时,稳定性达到最小,水位再上升则稳定性增大,当滑坡完全淹没在水下时的稳定性高于未被淹没的情况,滑坡最终的稳定性按最小稳定系数评价。 相似文献
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The Catak landslide (Trabzon Province, Turkey) developed retrogressively upslope through a series of small slips, culminating with the catastrophic rock avalanche of 23rd June, 1988 when at least 66 people were killed. The landslide was caused by prolonged heavy rainfall triggering a failure in a partially supported 25-m high road cutting in colluvium, which progressively removed support for the higher parts of the slope and resulted in the catastrophic slide. Such high-magnitude events are not uncommon in the Black Sea Mountains but the recent disaster highlights the need for systematic landslide hazard assessments in the region. 相似文献
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Because of terrain, geological structure, river down-incising and human activities, the upriver Minjiang Valley in Sichuan
Province, Southwest China, constitutes a disaster area prone to frequent landslides. During the roadway rebuilding periods,
the Xiaozongqu landslide reactivated on the G213 Roadway in Maoxian District of Sichuan Province. From the September to November
in 2002, the landslide sped up, reaching a maximum movement rate of 32 mm/d. The rapid slide seriously threatened the road.
To stabilize the landslide and eliminate the damage of landslide to the road, remedying its damage and monitoring further
developments are crucial. Based on its kinematic behaviour, remediation was implemented in two phases from November 2002 to
October 2003. Systematic monitoring has been carried out since 18 June 2003 to determine kinematic variations of the landslide
during the post-remediation period and to assess the effects of remediation and the potential of the landslide for further
destructive influences on the roadway. 相似文献
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YILianxing 《水文地质工程地质》2020,47(4):43-50
岩溶地下水对我国西南岩溶石山地区特大型滑坡频发具有重要影响,因此,岩溶地下水的赋存规律及在其影响下的滑坡成灾模式成为一个亟待研究的科学问题。文章以贵州省关岭县岗乌镇大寨村大寨滑坡为例,基于野外调查,结合水动力场、水化学数据、暴雨数据等进行综合分析,取得以下成果和认识:（1）划分出大寨滑坡区地下分水岭,圈定了影响大寨滑坡的灰岩区和碎屑岩区,面积分别为0.93,0.30 km2;（2）滑坡当日暴雨集中在6—12时,后缘区域岩溶管道水对大寨滑坡滞后暴雨2 h启动起到主要控制作用;（3）滑坡区碎屑岩以及后缘灰岩接受了百年一遇的强降水的入渗补给后,在各自内部形成高压水动力场;在基岩裂隙水、岩溶管道水两种水动力场及岩层自身重力的共同作用下,潜在软弱结构面上的岩层失稳进而发生滑坡。由此建立了基岩裂隙水和岩溶管道水复合水动力场对滑坡的影响模式,并提出一种复合水动力场耦合方法。 相似文献
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南京猪头山滑坡属于典型的覆盖层滑坡,2003年5月边坡发生缓慢变形失稳,没有对周围造成很大的危害,故未引起足够重视,2016年6~7月间受强降雨的影响再次发生大规模的滑动。研究发现,该滑体的地层具有特殊地质结构,在强降雨条件下会产生暂时性承压水,在其承压水的渗透力及浮托力作用下,其稳定性将会大大下降,因此该滑坡的再滑动与降雨密切相关。本文运用数值模拟方法分析了滑坡变形过程与降雨时长及降雨强度之间的关系,结果表明猪头山山前缓坡的稳定性随降雨时长和降雨强度增大逐渐降低,且具有一定的突变性,其滑坡面的位置位于坡体填土层的下部,较好地揭示了猪头山降雨型滑坡形成的机理以及滑坡再滑动机制。这一研究为所在地区的降雨性滑坡预报和治理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Numerical modeling of the June 24, 2015, Hongyanzi landslide generated impulse waves in Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Subaerial landslides falling into confined water bodies often generate impulsive waves. Damaging landslide tsunamis in Three Gorges Reservoir, China, have struck several times in the last 15 years. On June 24, 2015, a 23?×?104 m3 slope failure occurred on the east bank of the Daning River opposite Wushan Town. The sliding mass intruded into the Three Gorges Reservoir and initiated a reservoir tsunami that resulted in two deaths and significant damage to shipping facilities. A post-event survey revealed the landslide geometry and wave run-up distribution, while an eyewitness video captured most of the landslide motion. Employing these firm constraints, we applied the Tsunami Squares method to simulate the 2015 Hongyanzi landslide and tsunami. The simulation revealed that the landslide experienced a progressive failure in the first few seconds and impacted the water with a maximum velocity of ~?16 m/s. The initial wave propagated to the opposite shore in an arch shape, and the water surface reached a maximum amplitude of ~?11 m near the landslide. Wave amplitude-time curves at four points on the river cross section show that the initial wave reached Wushan town in about 50 s with an average wave velocity of ~?30 m/s. The maximum wave run-ups on the shoreline opposite the landslide are around 6 m and attenuate to less than 1 m beyond 2-km distance. The landslide simulation matches the observed geological profile and the eyewitness video, and the numerical results coincide with the observed wave run-up heights. Nearly 80% of landslide energy is lost due to frictional resistances, but the remaining fraction imparted to the tsunami carried catastrophic consequences to a large region. The numerical results emphasize the efficiency and accuracy of Tsunami Squares method for a “Quick Look” simulation of a potential landslide. 相似文献
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2009年65重庆武隆鸡尾山崩滑灾害基本特征与成因机理初步研究 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
2009年6月5日下午15时许,重庆市武隆县铁矿乡鸡尾山山体发生了大规模的崩滑,约500万m3被结构面切割成积木块状的灰岩山体,沿缓倾页岩软弱夹层发生整体滑动。高速运动的滑体物质在堵塞前部宽约200m,深约50m的铁匠沟沟谷后,形成平均厚约30m,纵向长度约2200m的堆积区,掩埋了12户民房和正在开采铁矿的矿井入口,造成10人死亡,64人失踪,8人受伤,成为近年来少有的一次崩滑灾难性事件。本文在对灾害现场进行大量地质调查的基础上,结合遥感、三维激光扫描等综合手段,对鸡尾山崩滑体特征进行了详细描述,对灾害发生原因进行了初步分析。结果表明,鸡尾山山体垮塌是在不利的地质结构条件下,并受到长期重力、岩溶等作用和采矿活动的影响,因前部起阻挡作用的关键块体被剪断突破而导致的一起大型山体崩滑事件。深入研究鸡尾山崩滑体的形成条件和成灾机理,对我国西南地区存在与鸡尾山崩滑体类似地质条件的灾害隐患点的减灾防灾工作,具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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贵州关岭大寨高速远程滑坡碎屑流研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
2010年6月28日,贵州关岭因突降暴雨发生高速远程滑坡,滑程约1.5km,体积约174.9万m3,两个村组被毁,99人遇难。滑坡区位于西南地区常见的煤系地层区,上部为灰岩、白云岩,中部为相对较缓的砂岩地层,下部为页岩、泥岩地层,局部含煤,具有上硬下软的山体地质结构和上部富水下部隔水的水文地质结构,极易形成滑坡地质灾害。从地形上看,斜坡上陡下缓,形似靴状地形,上部陡峭地形导致山体易于失稳,而中下部开阔伸展良好的沟谷提供了远程的运动条件,较大的势能向动能的转化,容易形成高速远程滑坡碎屑流。6月27日和28日的降雨是触发此起特大灾害的主要原因,其24h降雨量达310mm,超过了当地近60a来的气象记录,分析表明,降雨产生的沟谷径流量是平时强降雨(100～150mmd-1)的沟谷径流的2倍之上,一是在滑源区砂岩裂隙岩体中形成静水压力和渗透压力,触使滑坡的失稳下滑; 二是在沟谷中产生地表径流,为碎屑流远程流动形成饱水下垫面,导致了碎屑流流动距离和速度的显著增加。近年来随着极端强降雨等灾害性天气的重现期缩短,高速远程滑坡造成的群死群伤特大地质灾害在我国呈逐渐增加趋势,应加强对这种灾害类型的调查与防范,特别是要进行滑坡安全避让范围和逃逸速度的研究。 相似文献
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An extreme rainfall event on August 9, 2009, which was close to setting a world record for 48-h accumulated rainfall, induced the Xiaolin deep-seated landslide, which was located in southwestern Taiwan and had volume of 27.6?×?106?m3, and caused the formation of a landslide dam. The landslide dam burst in a very short time, and little information remained afterward. We reconstructed the process of formation and failure of the Xiaolin landslide dam and also inferred the area of the impoundment and topographic changes. A 5?×?5-m digital elevation model, the recorded water stage of the Qishan River, and data from field investigation were used for analysis. The spectral magnitude of the seismic signals induced by the Xiaolin landslide and flooding due to failure of the landslide dam were analyzed to estimate the timing of the dam breach and the peak discharge of the subsequent flood. The Xiaolin landslide dam failure resulted from overtopping. We verified the longevity of the Xiaolin landslide dam at about 2 h relying on seismic signals and water level records. In addition, the inundated area, volume of the impoundment behind the Xiaolin landslide dam, and peak discharge of the flood were estimated at 92.3 ha, 19.5?×?106?m3, and 17?×?103?m3/s, respectively. The mean velocity of the flood-recession wave front due to the dam blockage was estimated at 28 km/h, and the peak flooding velocity after failure of the dam was estimated at 23 km/h. The Xiaolin landslide provides an invaluable opportunity for understanding the mechanism of deep-seated landslides and flooding processes following a landslide dam failure. 相似文献
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Bai Huilin Feng Wenkai Yi Xiaoyu Fang Hongyu Wu Yiying Deng Pengcheng Dai Hongchuan Hu Rui 《Natural Hazards》2021,108(3):3181-3201
Natural Hazards - From June 10th to 13th, 2019, a continuous heavy rainfall occurred in Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, causing many landslide hazards. Among Longchuan County districts, Mibei... 相似文献
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三峡库区白家包滑坡变形特征与影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对三峡库区阶跃型滑坡,以白家包滑坡为例,统计分析滑坡位移、变形速率和裂缝监测数据。显示滑坡在2007年6月之前为蠕动变形初期,受降雨和库水位等外界因素的作用,6月滑坡发生剧烈变形,之后一直保持约75°方向滑动。滑坡体中前部位移速率大于后缘,其变形具有牵引式特点。滑体上裂缝与变形位移具有一致性,位移量越大的区域裂缝越发育。将位移速率与降雨、库水位和地下水进行影响机制分析,建立滑坡变形与外界动态影响因素之间的响应关系。结果表明降雨量和库水位变化是引起滑坡季节性变形的主要因素,其中降雨强度、库水位下降及下降速率是导致滑坡位移速率波动大小的关键因子。 相似文献
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福建省滑坡灾害群发,点多面广,开展区域滑坡灾害预警业务是有效防灾减灾的重要手段,预警模型的科学性和有效性是预警业务的核心问题。传统区域滑坡灾害预警模型,受到滑坡诱发机理复杂、数据积累有限,以及大数据分析方法不足等限制,存在预警精度有限、精细化不足等问题。本文基于近9年地质与气象大数据,采用随机森林算法,构建了福建省区域滑坡灾害预警模型并开展实例校验。研究得出如下结论:①提出区域滑坡灾害训练样本集构建的优化方法,并构建了福建省区域滑坡灾害训练样本集,样本集包括地质环境、降雨等26个输入特征属性和1个输出特征属性,涵盖了福建省近9年(2010~2018年)全部样本数量达15 589个(其中:正样本3562个,负样本12 027个,正负样本比例约1 : 3.4); ②基于随机森林算法,对福建训练样本集进行学习训练、模型优化和模型存储。模型训练采用5折交叉验证法,采用贝叶斯优化算法进行模型参数优化,采用精确度、ROC曲线和AUC值等指标校验模型准确度和模型泛化能力。优化后的模型准确率和泛化能力均较好(准确率94.3%,AUC为0.954); ③选取2021年6月22日和28日的实际滑坡灾害发生情况,采用本文新提出的预警模型进行实况模拟运行,命中率均为100%。对比原显式统计模型预警结果,新模型命中率是原模型的6倍(6月22日)或相当(6月28日),新模型预警区内滑坡密度是原模型的1.6~1.7倍。初步验证表明基于随机森林的新模型优势明显,命中率更高,预警区面积更小,能够实现更加精准的预警。后续将继续跟踪研究区新发滑坡灾害情况,进行模型校验与修正完善。 相似文献