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均匀浅海中的平均声强与距离的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
均匀浅海中的平均声强,首先由布列霍夫斯基赫研究过,继后又有一些文献对这个问题进行了较深入的研究。由于过去的理论在对简正波求和时一直扩展到ι=∞(ι为简正波的序号数),这就使其结果难于同声源邻近的球面自由场相衔接。当要考虑到近场的一些特性时,必须顾及到声源在浅海中所激发的简正波数目的有限性。 相似文献
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对噪声场的时空相关函数的理论研究,以往的工作均是就海水介质是均匀的全空间或是均匀的半空间来处理问题的。对非均匀浅海中噪声场的时空相关函数讨论得较少,只在文献[6]中进行了一些讨论,但[6]中的结果与[1]中的结果不一致。本文仍据[1,2]中的结果,用简正波理论来计算非均匀浅海中噪声场的时空相关函数。 相似文献
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本文对过滤简正波研究中的某些实际问题进行了理论分析,并以浅海均匀层为例,具体分析了下列问题:(1)仅在水层实施正交运算的“海底余项”;(2)有限离散采样正交运算所产生的“旁办”;(3)离散限幅重台过滤问题;(4)阵倾斜的影响及补偿问题。文中所得结果对于过滤简正波在技术上的实际应用具有指导意义。 相似文献
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文章简要介绍了浅海声传播损失的研究背景和基本理论方法。通过1/3倍频程滤波对浅海爆炸宽带信号的不同频段在浅海的传播损失情况进行了分析,描述了浅海环境对声传播损失的影响;同时在不知道先验信息的条件下,利用垂直阵声压数据成功地进行了简正波分离,并与理想条件下Kraken简正波模型计算出的结果进行了比较分析。 相似文献
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中层冷水是出现在我国东海西北部和南黄海西部海区的一种特殊海洋现象,其分布规律及形成机制已有较清晰的认识,但这种现象引起的水声传播效应却尚不明确。应用KRAKEN简正波模型对1996-05一处实测中层冷水环境下的声场进行计算与分析,并与均匀声速环境下的声场进行比较,发现声波在冷水层中传播时在较强的陷获作用下能够形成波导型声场,使传播损失相对于常规环境明显减小,对于1kHz的声波2种声场的传播损失差异可达15~20dB。与深海波导不同的是,中层冷水环境引起的浅海波导是特定区域和季节条件下出现的一类特殊现象,其声场特性明显受到海面和海底制约,波导效应引起的声场能量变化与温跃层和逆温层的厚度以及梯度大小有关。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(11)
基于简正波理论的波导不变量在声传播特性描述中已得到广泛应用,而当环境与距离无关或存在轻微扰动时,基于射线理论的声场特性可以用一个新的物理量—射线稳定性参数来描述。本文通过简正波干涉声场数值模拟,通过分析简正波相长干涉形成的能量包传播路径与射线传播路径相互关系,利用简正波水平干涉结构距离上的周期性与射线水平跨距相等的特点,采用简洁方式证明了射线稳定性参数与简正波波导不变量间的等价性,从而在射线和简正波理论中建立了一个新的联系。对远距离射线模型声传播仿真结果的分析表明,与射线传播时间相比,射线稳定性参数作为射线理论的一个新的参数,可有效用于描述声传播特性,并能够反映海洋环境变化,应用于海洋环境参数声学反演。 相似文献
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本文对有限面积噪声源产生的噪声场的空间相关特性作了讨论。分别研究了接收器处于源区域里面和外面的情形。对一浅海典型声速剖面和 Baltic海区的噪声场相关特性及噪声场强度进行了计算 ,并与无限大噪声源平面的噪声场特性作了比较。同时 ,为把连续谱考虑在内 ,引入一虚假深海底 ,用复模式和来近似计算分支割线的贡献。但当接收器远离源区域时 ,连续谱经过在下介质中的长程传播 ,衰减迅速 ,故其对噪声场的贡献可以忽略 ,而仅考虑离散简正波场的贡献。结果发现 ,有限面积源的噪声场结构无论是水平结构 ,还是垂直结构均是不均匀的 ,都依赖于接收场点的绝对位置。这与无限大噪声源平面所形成的噪声场的特性是不一样的 相似文献
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浅海水下地形的SAR遥感仿真研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合连续性方程和布拉格后向散射模型,在准一维简化浅海水下地形情况下,建立了浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度仿真模型,将浅海水下地形区域的SAR海面后向散射强度的相对变化与大尺度背景流场、海面风场和雷达系统参数等联系起来.海上实验和研究结果表明,浅海水下地形的SAR成像主要由通过受水下地形影响的海表层流场对海表面风引起的微尺度波的水动力调制而获取浅海水下地形信息,其中潮流与水下地形的相互作用过程改变海表层流场,变化的海表层流与海表面微尺度波之间的相互作用改变海表面波的空间分布,雷达波与海表面波之间的相互作用决定雷达海面后向散射强度.因此SAR图像中浅海水下地形或水深信息量的多少不仅与海表层流场和海面风速有关,而且与雷达工作波段、雷达波束入射角和极化方式也密切相关.认为由水下地形变化引起的缓慢变化的表层流场中海表面定常微尺度波谱能量密度的变化满足波作用量谱平衡方程;而在波数空间中,海表面微尺度波谱的成长过程也可以用波数谱平衡方程描述,在此基础上,得出了海表面波高频谱(毛细-重力波)形式的解析表达式.众所周知,浅海水下地形信息是由于水下地形影响下SAR海面后向散射强度与背景海面后向散射强度的相对差异而在SAR图像上的呈现,从而在建立浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度仿真模型的基础上,仿真计算了浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度相对于海表层流场、海面风场等海况参数和SAR工作波段、SAR波束入射角、极化方式等雷达系统参数的数值仿真结果,分析得到了有关浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度的特征和SAR浅海水下地形遥感的最佳海况参数与最佳雷达系统参数,为研究和开展SAR浅海水下地形遥感研究提供了有价值的参考. 相似文献
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The Norwegian wave-power buoy1 consists of a half-immersed floating sphere which is open to the sea at the bottom end. It is a two degree-of-freedom device involving the independent motion of the outer rigid sphere and the pressure across the internal free surface. A simpler model of the device is to represent the oscillatory flow through the bottom opening as another rigid body motion being that of the curved surface which would complete the sphere.The wave-induced forces on this surface and also the outer spherical surface due to independent oscillations of either are determined semi-analytically using a simple extension of the method of Havelock,2 recently simplified and generalised by Hulme,3 for the complete half-immersed sphere. In particular the 2 × 2 added mass and damping matrices are determined as a function of frequency and relative size of bottom opening to sphere radius. These quantities are essential in any theoretical analysis of a multi-degree of freedom wave-energy device. 相似文献
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A field experiment was carried out to examine the time variation of scattering from man-made objects placed near the water-sediment interface and within the sediment. The objects (spheres) were monitored for a period of about two months using a sonar system capable of measuring scattering levels, bottom bathymetry, and correlation of scattering over time. In addition, divers performed focalized biological treatments that were also monitored over extended periods. The results of these monitoring activities are presented and related to previous studies that used the same data sets for other purposes. One notable result is that the buried sphere becomes undetectable (by scattering level alone) within two days of deployment. The rapid changes in the first few days after the buried sphere is introduced are quantified relative to the rate of changes for undisturbed regions of the sediment 相似文献
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利用长时间序列的卫星观测数据,对南海海域的风、浪场时空分布及其相互关系进行了分析。结果显示,海面风距平场VEOF分解后得到的第一模态具有明显的季节变化,即季风特征,说明季风是影响整个南海风速的主要因素;第二模态具有较强的区域变化特征,是季风转换时期的距平场特征;第三模态反映的是海面风距平场受陆地地形影响所表现的分布特征。有效波高距平场EOF分解后得到的第一模态、第二模态与风距平场的前2个模态的空间分布较为相似,并且,风、浪距平场第一模态间的相关系数达0.76,均说明南海作为边缘海其波浪场与风场变化有很好的相关性。有效波高第三模态的分布与风场的第三模态相关性较弱,反映的是受海底地形影响所表现的分布特征。 相似文献
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针对分层流体中非波导情况的荷载问题,就密度剖面为两间断分层和三层模式的情况,分别利用势流理论解析解和分段构造的垂向结构方程解,得出了对应波场的速度和作用于垂直桩柱上的荷载分布.结果表明,非波导情况下的波场具有与波导情况及表面水波情况所不同的特性.由于波频较高,其所形成的荷载比波导情况为大,而且在流场内部存在大的波力和切向速度间断. 相似文献
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Asymptotic representations of solutions describing the far fields of internal gravity waves in a stratified medium of varying depth are constructed. The effect of space-frequency cutoff of the wave field for a real oceanic shelf is revealed. Depending on frequency characteristics of the wave field and bottom topography, far fields of internal waves either are located in a certain confined space domain (trapped waves) or propagate in the absence of turning points over sufficiently large distances when compared with the sea depth (progressive waves). The space domain where the progressive waves penetrate is fully determined by the presence of turning points whose locations depend on the medium stratification and inhomogeneities of bottom topography. 相似文献
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《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2009,34(1):93-100
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Microwave remote sensing has become the primary means for sea-ice research, and has been supported by a great deal of field experiments and theoretical studies regarding sea-ice microwave scattering. However, these studies have been barely carried in the Bohai Sea. The sea-ice microwave scattering mechanism was first developed for the thin sea ice with slight roughness in the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2012, and included the backscattering coefficients which were measured on the different conditions of three bands(L, C and X), two polarizations(HH and VV), and incident angles of 20° to 60°, using a ground-based scatterometer and the synchronous physical parameters of the sea-ice temperature, density, thickness, salinity, and so on. The theoretical model of the sea-ice electromagnetic scattering is obtained based on these physical parameters. The research regarding the sea-ice microwave scattering mechanism is carried out through two means, which includes the comparison between the field microwave scattering data and the simulation results of the theoretical model, as well as the feature analysis of the four components of the sea-ice electromagnetic scattering. It is revealed that the sea-ice microwave scattering data and the theoretical simulation results vary in the same trend with the incident angles. Also, there is a visible variant in the sensitivity of every component to the different bands.For example, the C and X bands are sensitive to the top surface, the X band is sensitive to the scatterers, and the L and C bands are sensitive to the bottom surface, and so on. It is suggested that the features of the sea-ice surfaces and scatterers can be retrieved by the further research in the future. This experiment can provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for research regarding the sea-ice microwave scattering characteristics in the Bohai Sea. 相似文献
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一种分层海底反向散射模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In order to predict the bottom backscattering strength more accurately, the stratified structure of the seafloor is considered. The seafloor is viewed as an elastic half-space basement covered by a fluid sediment layer with finite thickness. On the basis of calculating acoustic field in the water, the sediment layer, and the basement, four kinds of scattering mechanisms are taken into account, including roughness scattering from the water-sediment interface, volume scattering from the sediment layer, roughness scattering from the sediment-basement interface,and volume scattering from the basement. Then a backscattering model for a stratified seafloor applying to low frequency(0.1–10 kHz) is established. The simulation results show that the roughness scattering from the sediment-basement interface and the volume scattering from the basement are more prominent at relative low frequency(below 1.0 kHz). While with the increase of the frequency, the contribution of them to total bottom scattering gradually becomes weak. And the results ultimately approach to the predictions of the high-frequency(10–100 kHz) bottom scattering model. When the sound speed and attenuation of the shear wave in the basement gradually decrease, the prediction of the model tends to that of the full fluid model, which validates the backscattering model for the stratified seafloor in another aspect. 相似文献