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1.
海洋中磷的循环与沉积作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
磷在海洋中的循环与沉积主要是靠生物作用进行的。海洋表层水中的溶解磷几乎全部被海洋植物摄取，海洋植物及动物死亡后最终以生物碎屑的形式沉入海底，在其沉降和到达深层水的过程中大部分被分解、破坏，变成可溶组分又重新返回海水，使深层水中磷浓度提高。含磷浓度高的深层水被上升洋流带到表层后又被生物吸收，重复循环。当上升洋流抵达大陆边缘，特别是遇有陆缘坻存在时，磷等营养物质滞留，导致磷质生物大量繁衍，死亡后沉积，并经成岩作用，便形成大规模的工业磷块岩矿床 相似文献
2.
滇池现代沉积物中磷的地球化学及其对环境影响 总被引：47，自引：2，他引：47
湖泊沉积物中,磷是产生富营养化的重要元素.湖泊中磷元素含量、地球化学行为以及它的复杂矿物学特征,使人们对磷的研究极为重视.滇池湖中总磷超标10.3倍,底泥沉积物中P2O5平均含量0.52%,最高可达1.92%.滇池地处磷矿区,是磷质来源最丰富的湖泊,统计表明,磷含量每年在不断增长.滇池沉积物中磷主要以吸附态、有机态、铁结合态、钙结合态、铝结合态等几种形式存在.这些形态磷在底泥中是不稳定的,它们在环境改变条件下,又将磷释放到水体中.微生物在磷的循环过程中起了重要作用,乳酸菌对不溶性磷酸盐的分解,使湖泊中可溶磷含量增高.聚磷菌对磷元素的富集以及聚磷菌死亡后发生有机磷的矿化作用,是湖泊中水合磷酸盐矿物沉积的重要途径.当湖泊中这种不稳定的水合磷酸盐矿物在条件具备的情况下,经沉积物覆盖成岩作用后,最终形成磷灰石。 相似文献
3.
滇池湖泊磷负荷及其对水环境的影响 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
磷是滇池湖泊富营养化的限制性营养元素。滇池湖泊磷负荷来源一般可分为外环境发生源输入的磷负荷和内环境发生源输出的磷负荷两大类。累积在滇池湖泊内的磷,主要分布在水体与底部沉积物中,滇池湖泊水体中总磷浓度由北向南含量降低,底部沉积物中P2O5含量分布由北向南呈递增趋势。底部0-3m的沉积物P2O5含量由上至下呈明显递减趋势,表明滇池湖泊磷负荷逐年加重。近几年资料显示滇池湖泊单位面积磷负荷达1.52g/m2·a,超过总磷公认允许负荷量中危险值的11.7倍,滇池已成为富营养型湖泊。控制滇池富营养化,在解决入湖磷外负荷的同时,对湖泊底部沉积物中磷内负荷也应予以高度重视。 相似文献
4.
昆明滇池及盘龙江磷形态分布研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对昆明地区松华坝水库－盘龙江－滇池水系表层水中的可溶性和不溶性正磷酸盐,聚磷酸盐和有机磷等磷的几种形态进行分析,得出了磷形态分布曲线,从而为滇池水系磷污染的研究和治理提供了一定依据。 相似文献
5.
长期以来，海洋中的磷处于限制生长状态，因此，研究自古以来海洋中磷的集聚变化对于确定海洋古生产率模式是很重要的。我们测定了加利福尼亚谢尔海滩的磷含量和集聚速率，即富磷海相沉积岩的一个岩段，其中含有蒙特雷组普遍存在的磷质和硅质岩相。磷含量在这些岩相的主要岩性中分布很广。在磷质页岩中，重量已达到０．３６ｗｔ％～３．９ｗｔ％，与此相比，白云岩和硅质岩中只有０．０２ｗｔ％～０．４２ｗｔ％。磷集聚速率（此处记录的所有数值的单位为ｕｍｏ１Ｐｃｍ￣（－２）ａ￣（－１））随样品岩性和岩段位置的不同而表现出很大的差异。两种岩相中的磷质页岩的磷集聚速率（１．５～２９）都大大高于白云岩和硅质岩（０．１～３．１）。此外，上部硅质岩相的磷质页岩与下部磷质岩相的磷质页岩相比，前者的磷集聚速率（３．１～２９）通常高于后者（１，５～１４）。根据各岩相的线性沉积速率模式以及观察磷质页岩、白云岩和硅质岩的相对磷含量而计算出的磷平均集聚速率，在磷质和硅质岩相之间是相差不大的。这表明这两种岩相（其动物群和沉积学特征被认为反映了中中新世期间的主要海洋和气候变化）具有相似的磷埋藏量。磷的总集聚速率与其它中新世和现代成磷环境也差不多相同。我们设计了多种沉 相似文献
6.
滇池微生物解磷与聚磷作用的实验研究及磷的现代沉积与微生物成矿作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
滇池是世界上磷质来源最丰富的湖泊，是研究磷的现代沉积和微生物对磷循环作用及微生物成矿的天然场所。研究发现，滇池微生物种群和数量繁多，但能对磷溶解、转化、迁移、聚集、沉积的微生物主要有解磷菌和聚磷菌两类。这两类微生物与滇池磷的含量之间有一系列规律的相关性：在底泥磷高含量区域，解磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成负相关关系，与水体磷含量成正相关关系，而聚磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成正相关关系，与水体磷含量成负相关关系；在底泥磷低含量区域，上述相关性则相反。滇池中这种活着的微生物在自然环境条件下对磷的溶解、转化、迁移、聚集和沉积的作用，对古磷块岩微生物成矿说提供了可靠的依据，而且对以磷为限制性因子的湖、海、江河环境污染的防治提供了理论资料。 相似文献
7.
长江河田及其上海岸带水体沉积物中磷的存在形态 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
讨论了磷的５种存在形态及其分布规律。河口及岸带水体沉积物中磷主要是以有机磷（ＯＰ）和无机磷（ＩＰ）形式存在的,有机磷是有机质的组成部分,无机磷又可分为可溶性磷（ＤＰ）、铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、钙结合磷（Ｃａ－Ｐ）。研究发现,沉积物中总磷含量水平在６９２．７９～１５７０．９９μｇ／ｇ之间,无机磷含量在２２０．０２～９２８．３３μｇ／ｇ之间,占总磷含量的３１．８％～６０．５～,而有机磷含量在３９４．８９～６４２．６６μｇ／ｇ之间,为总磷含量的３９．５％～６８．２％。在分析水体喾物中各形态磷的含量和变化的基础上,对磷在时空上的变化,与有机碳、总氮的关系以及污水输入影响等进行了初步的论述,并提出沉积物中铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）和铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）可作为判断污染的指标之一。 相似文献
8.
富营养化会导致浅水湖泊发生稳态转换,生态系统服务严重受损。磷是驱动湖泊发生稳态转换的重要环境因子,探究湖水磷浓度的变化规律是湖泊管理的关键。通过磷动力学模型,从影响湖水磷浓度的主要参数入手,探讨了每种参数变化对磷浓度的具体影响。结合前人研究结果,详细讨论了不同类型气候变化和人类活动对湖泊稳态转换时间、滞后时长、修复速率等的影响。研究认为,气候变化所导致的温度升高、光强减弱、风浪增强等和人类活动所导致的生物扰动、水位波动增强等因素变化虽不会改变湖泊稳态转换突变时间,但会推迟湖泊修复时间,造成突变阈值减小,滞后时间延长,稳态增大。在湖泊保护中要重点考虑主要外力驱动对湖泊稳态转换过程影响的区别,避免有害突变的发生。 相似文献
9.
镁斜磷铁锰矿产于四川某地含铍伟晶岩的中部，该伟晶岩分带性弱，但钠长石化发育，与之共生的矿物有镁电气石、蓝色绿柱石、石榴石、白云母、石英及黄铁矿等。镁斜磷铁锰矿为肉红色块状体，玻璃光泽，摩氏硬度５．５－６．０，比重３．８１，具（００１）解理，在单偏光下无色或带有灰色的白色，多色性弱，突起较高，Ｎｇ＝１．７３４，Ｎｍ＝１．７２８，Ｎ＿Ｐ＝１．６７５，Ｎｇ－Ｎ＿Ｐ＝０．０５９，斜消光，Ｒ＞Υ。镁斜磷铁锰矿的化学成分Ｗ（Ｂ）／％是Ｍｇｏ６．２ｌ．Ｃａｏ０．０７，Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３０．８ｉ，Ｓｉｏ＿２ｏ．３９，ＭｎＯｌ４．３６．Ｆｅｏ＿３５．４８，Ｐ＿２ｏ＿５４ｌ．８５，∑９９．１７。 相似文献
10.
云南滇池微生物对磷循环与沉积作用的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对滇池磷的现代沉积作用的研究中发现,滇池微生物种群和数量繁多,但能对磷溶解、转化、迁移、聚集、沉积的微生物主要有解磷菌和聚磷菌两类。在底泥磷高含量区域,解磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成负相关关系,与水体磷含量成正相关关系,而聚磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成正相关关系,与水体磷含量成负相关关系;在底泥磷低含量区域,上述相关性则相反。表明当解磷菌的种群与繁衍量大于聚磷菌的种群和繁衍量时,底泥中的磷向水体迁移,反之,水体中的磷向底质迁移、聚集。这个事实令人信服的证明了微生物对磷循环的重要作用。滇池这种活着的微生物在自然环境条件下对磷的溶解、转化、迁移、聚集和沉积的作用,对古磷块岩微生物成矿说提供了可靠的证据,且对以磷为限制性因子的湖、海、江河环境污染的防治提供了理论资料。 相似文献
11.
XIA Xuehui DONGYE Moxing ZHANG Zhuo Geological Institute Bureau of Geology Mining of China Chemical Industry Zhuozhou Hebei China Department of Biology Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan China 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):763-767
Dianchi Lake is one of the lakes with the richest phosphorus source in the world, in which the P2O5 content in the bottom sediments reaches averagely 0.51 wt % and maximally 1.92%. Studies indicate that this: extremely P-rich state is attributed mainly to the large volume (as high as hundred thousands of tons) of phosphatic matter coming into the lake as many rivers feeding the lake pass through a vast area of phosphate-mining districts, which then undergo weathering and particularly some human activities, including waste water discharge. When phosphatic matter enters the lake, its grained parts are firstly decomposed by phosphorus-decomposing bacteria, and finally accumulated in some geographically special parts of the lake, such as a bay area where water flow is much more slower than elsewhere in the lake. With the involvement of phosphorus-concentrating bacteria, the accumulated phosphates in the bottom sludge ultimately form phosphate minerals through deep-burial diagenesis. 相似文献
12.
本文探讨了用ICP-AES法测定河流、湖泊底泥中的总磷。使用HNO_3-HClO_4分解试样,将底泥中的聚合磷酸盐和有机磷全部转化为正磷酸盐,在P I255.3nm波长下测其发射强度,2％的HClO_4介质中测定范围为2—5000μg/ml的P。 相似文献
13.
Using some uranium deposits and recent U-bearing sediments as examples, it is shown that all U-bearing rocks are characterized by an association of organic matter and calcium phosphate, irrespective of the quantitative relationship between these components. A considerable proportion of these components was delivered into sediments with remains of marine planktonic and nektonic organisms. Along with organic matter, calcium phosphate played a significant role in uranium concentration. This is related to a high sorption ability of the calcium phosphate. Uranium accumulated during diagenesis as a result of diffusion exchange between bottom and interstitial waters. The combination of anoxic bottom environment with high bioproductivity in upper aerated waters, a typical phenomenon in oceanic upwelling zones, is the most favorable factor of uranium concentration in the sedimentary process. This determines the stable paragenetic association of organic matter, phosphorus, and uranium in marine sediments, such as black shales and organogenic phosphate deposits. 相似文献
14.
W. E. Robinson 《Organic Geochemistry》1979,1(4):205-218
Characteristics of the organic material in Green River Formation shale suggest that this material was derived from algae that grew in ancient Eocene lakes. The basin depressions for these nonmarine lakes were formed by the uplifting of the Rocky Mountain ranges. Large quantities of soluble salts flowed into these basins from the mountain streams, increasing the salinity of the lake waters until they became chemically stratified. In the upper, relatively fresh-water section of the lakes, abundant quantities of microscopic algae and other biota grew. Lesser amounts of terrestrial plant life remains were supplied in the form of wind- or water-borne spores and in the form of water-soluble organic materials entering the in-flowing waters. The lower section of the lake waters became highly reducing and stagnant because of lack of seasonal oxidative turnovers, thus providing ideal conditions for the accumulation and preservation of the organic debris from the lake biota.Precipitation of mineral carbonates and silicates from the highly saline waters provided most of the minerals that were co-deposited with the organic matter. Carbon dioxide, which evolved from the aquatic plant life, probably influenced mineral carbonate precipitation. During the life span of a few million of years the characteristics of the lake waters varied considerably and had significant effect upon the composition of both the inorganic and organic constituents of the Green River shale.Sixty to seventy-five core samples from each of three basins of the Green River Formation were analyzed for changes in both the organic and inorganic constituents. Considerable differences in the organic components of the soluble bitumen and of the insoluble kerogen were evident. Some of these differences appeared to be related to depth of burial and some to source material and the environment of the lake waters. Compositional differences relative to lithologic differences in the sediments of the three basins were found. 相似文献
15.
Late Cretaceous epicontinental phosphorites, porcelanites/cherts, dark-coloured shales, glauconitic sandstones and bioclastic and fine-grained carbonate rocks in Egypt are examined in terms of their overall depositional and diagenetic framework and stable isotopic and organic geochemical characteristics. Two main depositional realms are interpreted and correlated through sequence stratigraphic analysis: (1) a shallow hemipelagic environment accompanying initial stages of marine transgression and conducive to the formation of organic carbon-rich shales, biosiliceous sediments and thick phosphorites, and (2) a relatively high energy depositional regime accompanying sea-level fall during which deltas advanced, glauconites were reworked seaward and prograding oyster banks became periodically exposed to episodes of fresh water diagenesis, thereby promoting solution-collapse phenomena in associated cherts. Lenticular to massive phosphorites are viewed as the result of current winnowing and concentration of authigenic grains initially precipitated in associated reducing shales and biosiliceous sediments. In eastern Egypt the phosphorites form winnowed lag layers, some of which may have been redeposited down slope in structural lows. In the west, these sands were concentrated into giant phosphorite sand waves built by reworking of penecontemporaneously deposited phosphatic muds during marine transgression. Carbon isotopic results substantiate interpretations from modern deposits for limitation of phosphate mineral precipitation with depth in sediments as a result of lattice poisoning. However, direct desorption of phosphorus to pore waters from detrital iron-oxyhydroxide phases also may have been important in the Cretaceous setting, the iron reduced in this process being available for incorporation in glauconites. The main locus for authigenic glauconite precipitation appears to be where iron fluxes from regions of lateritic weathering were highest and near the boundary between oxygenated and reduced waters. This study suggests a model for the common coexistence of glauconites and phosphorites in the geological record. Although upwelling is often advocated as the origin of nearly all giant phosphorite deposits, we suggest that some of these may have been strongly influenced by fluvially derived phosphorus borne on particulates and desorbed from these compounds upon flocculation and/or reduction in bottom waters or pore waters. 相似文献
16.
对沉积物再悬浮的驱动力及其耦合效应、再悬浮-内源磷迁移转化机制及主要影响因素进行了阐述,探讨了该领域未来可能的研究方向。相关研究发现,沉积物再悬浮的各种驱动力既可以单独作用也可相互耦合,其耦合效应具有显著的时空变异性;再悬浮使还原态沉积物暴露于有氧环境,沉积物中铁、锰的氧化以及沉积物颗粒的吸附促进了内源水溶态无机磷(SRP)的去除,而进入水体的内源有机磷则通过生物矿化和光化学分解转化为SRP;沉积物物化特征、水动力、水生生物以及水体理化性质等因素控制着再悬浮过程中内源磷的迁移和转化。指出再悬浮条件下沉积物内源磷迁移转化的多过程耦合效应、沉积物中磷形态的转化及其生物有效性、内源有机磷矿化与光化学分解机制及其调控因素将是本领域需要进一步研究的重点。 相似文献
17.
Neoproterozoic peritidal phosphorite from the Sete Lagoas Formation (Brazil) and the Precambrian phosphorus cycle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Justin B. R. Drummond Peir K. Pufahl Claudio G. Porto Mariana Carvalho 《Sedimentology》2015,62(7):1978-2008
The Neoproterozoic Sete Lagoas Formation (ca 610 Ma) of the São Francisco Basin, Brazil, is a succession of siltstone, limestone and phosphorite. Phosphorite forms part of a previously unrecognized 150 to 200 m thick, unconformity bounded depositional sequence. Lithofacies stacking patterns indicate that deposition was punctuated by higher order fluctuations in base level that produced aggradational parasequences. These shallowing‐upward cycles record the progradation of phosphate‐rich intertidal flats over shallow subtidal deposits as accommodation filled. The presence of mudcracks, authigenic chert nodules, lack of coarse terrigenous clastics and the abundance of silt with fine, abraded quartz grains suggests accumulation along an arid coastline with significant aeolian input. Delivery of phosphorus adsorbed on aeolian Fe‐(oxyhydr)oxide and clay is interpreted as having stimulated phosphogenesis in peritidal environments. Lithofacies associations indicate that windblown phosphorus promoted the establishment of cyanobacterial communities along the coast, which produced photosynthetic oxygen and the suboxic conditions necessary for the precipitation of authigenic carbonate fluorapatite. As in other Precambrian phosphatic systems, nearshore oxygen oases were a prerequisite for phosphorite accumulation because redox sensitive phosphogenic processes were pushed into the sediment to concentrate phosphorus. In more distal, anoxic environments phosphorite could not form because these biotic and abiotic processes were suspended in the water column, which cycled phosphorus in sea water rather than at the sediment–water interface. Such shallow‐water phosphorite is unlike larger, younger Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic phosphatic deposits inferred to have formed in deeper‐upwelling related environments. The increasing size of phosphatic deposits through the latest Precambrian is interpreted as reflecting the progressive ventilation of the oceans during the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event, and resultant expansion of phosphogenic environments into distal settings. The widespread cycling of bioavailable phosphorus at the sea floor not only produced the first true phosphorite giants, but may have also been an important precondition for the evolution of multicellular animals. 相似文献
18.
G. N. Baturin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(4):318-348
By analogy with the present-day ocean, the primary productivity of paleoceans can be reconstructed using calculations based on the content of organic carbon in sediments and their accumulation rates. Results of calculations based on literature data show that the primary productivity of organic carbon, the mass of phosphorus involved in the process, and the content of phosphorus in oceanic waters were relatively stable in the Mesozoic and Late Mesozoic. Prior to precipitation on the seafloor together with the biogenic detritus, the dissolved phosphorus could repeatedly be involved in the biogeochemical cycle. Therefore, only less than 0.1% of phosphorus is retained in bottom sediments. The bulk phosphorus accumulation rate in oceanic sediments is partly consistent with the calculated primary productivity. Some epochs of phosphate accumulation also coincide with maximums of primary productivity and minimums of the fossilization coefficient of organic carbon. The latter fact can testify to episodes of the acceleration of organic matter mineralization and the release of phosphorus from sediments, leading to increase in the phosphorus reserve in paleoceans and phosphate accumulation in some places. 相似文献