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海底地壳形变监测现状与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底地壳形变监测对研究洋中脊扩展、火山、海洋板块运动及俯冲带地震活动等具有重要作用,其中 GNSS定位与声呐测距技术(GNSS-A)是海底地壳形变监测的主要手段,经过 30 多年的发展,目前 GNSS-A的精度达亚厘米级,可以满足很多海底构造形变的监测需求.我国虽然在大陆地壳形变监测与研究方面已达到国际水平,但在海底地壳形变监测方面与国外相比还存在一定差距,我国海岸线长达 3.2 万公里,沿海地区的大型活动断裂具有发生大震的风险,如横穿渤海的郯庐断裂带、东南沿海的滨海断裂带都曾发生过大震,因此开展海底地壳形变监测及相关研究势在必行.本文基于 GNSS-A的系统组成与工作原理,在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,梳理了关键技术,并结合我国沿海主要活动断裂与地震活动性特点,提出了我国利用 GNSS-A技术开展海底地壳形变监测的建议. 相似文献
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通过研究应变积累速度（亦即地壳应变速率）与地震活动的关系,籍以探讨从地壳应变场中寻找近期强震危险区的方法。针对不同地区的地震活动水平特别是地震复发期折差异,丁国瑜指出,各地震区大震复发时间的差异主要取决于由大震孕育环境和构造物理条件所决定的构造活动速度的差异。从近几年地震实况的初步检验看,应用大地测量中垂直形变梯度判定强震危险区,具有较好的效果和可喜的前景。 相似文献
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地壳应变速率与地震活动关系的研究——从地壳应变场探索强震活动的场源关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过研究应变积累速度（亦即地壳应变速率）与地震活动的关系,籍以探讨从地壳应变场中寻找近期强震危险区的方法。针对不同地区的地震活动水平特别是地震复发期的差异,丁国瑜（１９８４）指出,各地震区大震复发时间的差异主要取决于由大震孕育环境和构造物理条件所决定的构造活动速率（亦即应变累积速率）的差异。从近几年地震实况的初步（阶段性）检验看,应用大地测量中垂直形变速率梯度判定强震危险区,具有较好的效果和可喜的前景。作者从理论分析、实际资料对比及计算机模型研究等方面来讨论地壳应变速率与地震活动水平之间的关系,进而为场源关系研究中的“场中求源”的科学思路探索可能的技术途径,并讨论了从应变速率场中寻找强震危险区的方法。 相似文献
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基于鲜水河断裂带及邻近区域GPS资料,以发生汶川MS8.0大震的2008年为时间节点,利用视错动变形系统分析模型研究了鲜水河断裂带及邻区不同时段的滑动与区域形变活动特征,结果表明:汶川大震前后鲜水河断裂带构造活动的动态变化是显著的,其西部地区地壳形变的动态变化也较清晰,这些不仅说明了汶川大震的孕育在较大的空间范围存在不同特征的形变与构造活动,同时其西部地区也存在着疑似断裂带形变中心的地壳动态变化,这可能与特定的构造和动力环境密切相关,为我们识别大震前兆提供了更多的可能。 相似文献
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张四新 《地震地磁观测与研究》2022,(S1):95-96
<正>1研究背景鄂尔多斯块体西南缘地处青藏地块、鄂尔多斯地块、阿拉善地块的交会地带,区域活动断裂发育,构造活动强烈,地震活动频繁,历史上发生多次6级以上大震,是研究构造变形、地壳应变积累与地震活动的理想场所。目前,针对该区域的构造变形分析大多是采用GPS水平形变资料进行中长期的地震预测研究为主（杜方等, 相似文献
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本文着重研究了则木河断裂带的地震垄岗地貌,并命名为构造堤。通过对构造堤的成生机制、组合形式、分布规律及其与地震关系的研究,提出构造堤是断裂粘滑运动、大震震中区的特征性产物。它不仅可以作为判定断层活动性质、活动方式和古地震极震区的标志,还可以利用它定性地估算大震复发周期。通过初步研究,作者认为,则木河断裂以粘滑破裂为主,大震复发周期北段较短,而南段较长。 相似文献
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根据人工地震、重力、地质、航磁、大地电磁测深、地震活动及地球化学资料，研究了1920年海原大地震与构造的关系。结果表明：海原断层实际是深度不超过10km的铲状逆掩推覆断层，而海原大震的震源深度为15－20km，因此，海原断层与该次大震的发生无关。海原大地震的发生既与延至软流层顶部的近NS向和近EW向的构造有关，也与软流层的物质活动有关。海原断层上的各种地震形变为地震诱发的产物。 相似文献
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我国地震的现今地球动力学研究的进展与方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从活动构造、大陆地壳形变与现代地壳运动、地震活动区与大震震源区的深部探测及动力学、大陆强震区的地壳介质结构与地震成因、构造的物理及数值模拟、大陆岩石圈动力学以及地球动力学模型研究七个方面扼要介绍了近年来我国开展的与地震有关的现今地球动力学研究进展和取得的一系列新认识以及研究动向。在此基础上提出了微动态地球动力学，上地幔的非均匀性、深浅部构造关系及其动力学和地球动力学模型的理论研究三个应该优先发展的研究领域。 相似文献
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RELOCATION OF THE BACKGROUND SEISMICITY AND INVESTIGATION ON THE BURIED ACTIVE FAULTS IN SOUTHEASTERN CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHU Ai-lan XU Xi-wei REN Ye SUN Dong-jun WANG Peng YU Hai-ying SONG Xiu-qing LIU Fang 《地震地质》2017,39(1):67-80
Most of the regions in southeastern China are covered by thick Cenozoic sediments, or are the mountainous areas, so it is difficult to find and locate the active faults using the conventional geologic methods. The precisely relocated background seismicity in the seismically active region can be used to identify the buried active structure. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between regional tectonics and background seismicity, and interpreted the possible buried active faults in southeastern China using the relocated background seismicity. We relocated the background seismicity occurring in the region from 106°E to 122°E and from 22°N to 35°N between 1990 and 2014 using the doubble difference earthquake location algorithm. More than 51000 small earthquakes were relocated. In general, the relocated background seismicity corresponds well to the tectonics, showing the zonation features with typical seismicity pattern in each tectonic regime. It is observed that in the weakly active tectonic regime, the seismicity distributes dispersely or even scarcely, while in the strongly active tectonic region, the seismicity is highly clustered and organized to lineation pattern showing the same direction as the strike of the dominating fault zone. We interpreted the buried active faults using the lineation of seismicity. The inferred active faults are observed in the southeast coast region, the northwest Guangxi Province, the southeast boundary region of the Sichian Basin, and around the Huoshan Fault, many of which were not found by previous studies. The relocated hypocentral depth varies greatly in southeastern China. The shallowest earthquakes between 0 and 15km mainly distribute in the central region, indicating that the brittle deformation process only occurred in the upper crust, while the middle and lower crust are to be half-ductile and ductile deformation. There are earthquakes occurred in lower crust in the southeast coast region. The maximum depths distribute in the southeast boundary region of the Sichuan Basin, some are greater than 40km, indicating that the crust depth is larger than other places and the lower crust still sustains brittle deformation, which corresponds to the lower geothermal value and high crustal strength. 相似文献
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根据GPS数据的现代运动场研究了北天山的现代形变过程。在这一地区,速率分量和某些类型形变速率场的不均性都表现出与现代构造活动区密切相关。以场的水平梯度极值区图为基础划分构造活动区段,查明强震震中区就位于这些活动区。当取得活动区状态的GPS数据时,区域地壳动力学状态监测是最有效的。 相似文献
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通过对四川地区近百次地震震源机制结果的分析,研究了现代构造应力场对区域断裂类型及其活动方式的作用和影响。结果表明,四川地区强震的发震机制与区域断裂类型及其活动方式有着十分密切的联系。 相似文献
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THE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF RECENT GRAVITY AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN NORTHEASTERN EDGE OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHU Yi-qing LIANG Wei-feng HAO Ming ZHAO Ling-qiang HAO Qing-hua ZHANG Guo-qing LIU Lian 《地震地质》2017,39(4):768-780
In this study, we systematically analyzed the relationship between regional gravity changes, 3D crustal deformation, regional tectonic environment and strong earthquakes based on the relative gravity measurements(2011-2014), GPS data and the background vertical deformation from the leveling measurements conducted from 1970 to 2011. Subsequently, we further characterized the temporal-spatial patterns and discussed the mechanism of regional gravity changes and the crustal deformation. The results can be summarized as follows:1)The regional gravity changes, the GPS-derived horizontal deformation and the vertical deformational obtained from leveling data showed a close spatial relationship:The gravity increased along with the direction of horizontal movement, and the gravity decreased with the crustal uplift and vice versa, which reflects the inherited characteristics of neotectonic activities. 2)The crustal deformation was closely related to the active faults. The contour lines of gravity changes and vertical deformation were generally along with the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault(the strike is NWW), and the crustal horizontal deformation showed left-lateral strike slip motion near the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault. 3)The strong earthquakes usually occur in the active faults where intensive gravity change and vertical and/or horizontal deformation occurred. The extrusion deformation, surface compression rate and gravity changes were obvious near the epicenter of 2016 Menyuan earthquake. The 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake occurred in the direction-turning area of intense gravity gradient zone and the transitional area of surface compression and vertical deformation. The first author of this paper has made a medium-term forecast before the Minxian and Menyuan earthquakes, especially the location of the earthquake. Based on the above understandings, we emphasized that:there are still possibilities of strong or huge earthquakes within medium-long term in the areas of crustal deformation anomalies in the study region. 相似文献
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RESEARCH OF SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE MENYUAN MS6.4 EARTHQUAKE ON JANUARY 21, 2016 IN LENGLONGLING AREA OF NE TIBETAN PLATEAU 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On January 21 2016, an earthquake of MS6.4 hit the Lenglongling fault zone(LLLFZ)in the NE Tibetan plateau, which has a contrary focal mechanism solution to the Ms 6.4 earthquake occurring in 1986. Fault behaviors of both earthquakes in 1986 and 2016 are also quite different from the left-lateral strike-slip pattern of the Lenglongling fault zone. In order to find out the seismogenic structure of both earthquakes and figure out relationships among the two earthquakes and the LLLFZ, InSAR co-seismic deformation map is constructed by Sentinel -1A data. Moreover, the geological map, remote sensing images, relocation of aftershocks and GPS data are also combined in the research. The InSAR results indicate that the co-seismic deformation fields are distributed on both sides of the branch fault(F2)on the northwest of the Lenglongling main fault(F1), where the Earth's surface uplifts like a tent during the 2016 earthquake. The 2016 and 1986 earthquakes occurred on the eastern and western bending segments of the F2 respectively, where the two parts of the F2 bend gradually and finally join with the F1. The intersections between the F1 and F2 compose the right-order and left-order alignments in the planar geometry, which lead to the restraining bend and releasing bend because of the left-lateral strike-slip movement, respectively. Therefore, the thrust and normal faults are formed in the two bending positions. In consequence, the focal mechanism solutions of the 2016 and 1986 earthquakes mainly present the compression and tensional behaviors, respectively, both of which also behave as slight strike-slip motion. All results indicate that seismic activity and tectonic deformation of the LLLFZ play important parts in the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone, as well as in the NE Tibetan plateau. The complicated tectonic deformation of NE Tibetan plateau results from the collisions from three different directions between the north Eurasian plate, the east Pacific plate and the southwest Indian plate. The intensive tectonic movement leads to a series of left-lateral strike-slip faults in this region and the tectonic deformation direction rotates clockwise gradually to the east along the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone. The Menyuan earthquake makes it very important to reevaluate the earthquake risk of this region. 相似文献
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大华北新构造运动和地震活动“成片迁移”的成因探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于板块间的作用及有关物理参数,分别组构了大华北第Ⅲ（1484-1739年）、第Ⅳ（1815年至今）地震活动期的动力边界和厚度非均匀的“薄板”模型,采用有限元法,并根据地壳屈曲的研究,作了屈曲变形计算.所得屈曲图象与大华北新生代隆起、凹陷分布的基本特征一致,也与近30年来大华北垂直形变速率的分布特怔吻合.不同期高变形梯度区不同,7级以上地震均分布在这种区内.由此得出了新构造运动和地震“成片迁移”的力学机制. 相似文献
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论新疆活动构造特征与地震的关系(4) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
中国西部在印度洋板块和欧亚板块的作用下,地壳形变十分强烈。新疆地区地壳形变受力方向为近南北—北北东向,南部地区受印度洋板块作用,北部地区则主要是受西伯利亚块体的作用,整体运动速率由南向北逐渐减弱,GPS测量结果得到的区域应力场分布和地震震源机制解与区域构造的展布及其活动表现都相吻合。 相似文献
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LIMITATION OF CURRENT TECTONIC DEFORMATION MODES IN THE WESTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BASED ON SEISMIC ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHAN Hui-li ZHANG Dong-li HE Xiao-hui SHEN Xu-zhang ZHENG Wen-jun LI Zhi-gang 《地震地质》1979,42(2):346-365
Due to the interaction between the Tibetan plateau, the Alxa block and the Ordos block, the western margin of Ordos(33.5°~39°N, 104°~108°E)has complex tectonic features and deformation patterns with strong tectonic activities and active faults. Active faults with different strikes and characteristics have been developed, including the Haiyuan Fault, the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault, the Liupanshan Fault, the Yunwushan Fault, the Yantongshan Fault, the eastern Luoshan Fault, the Sanguankou-Niushoushan Fault, the Yellow River Fault, the west Qinling Fault, and the Xiaoguanshan Fault.
In this study, 7 845 earthquakes(M≥1.0)from January 1st, 1990 to June 30th, 2018 were relocated using the double-difference location algorithm, and finally, we got valid locations for 4 417 earthquakes. Meanwhile, we determined focal mechanism solutions for 54 earthquakes(M≥3.5)from February 28th, 2009 to September 2nd, 2017 by the Cut and Paste(CAP)method and collected 15 focal mechanism solutions from previous studies. The spatial distribution law of the earthquake, the main active fault geometry and the regional tectonic stress field characteristics are studied comprehensively.
We found that the earthquakes are more spatially concentrated after the relocation, and the epicenters of larger earthquakes(M≥3.5) are located at the edge of main active faults. The average hypocenter depth is about 8km and the seismogenic layer ranges from 0 to 20km. The spatial distributions and geometry structures of the faults and the regional deformation feature are clearly mapped with the relocated earthquakes and vertical profiles. The complex focal mechanism solutions indicate that the arc-shaped tectonic belt consisting of Haiyuan Fault, Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault and Yantongshan Fault is dominated by compression and torsion; the Yellow River Fault is mainly by stretching; the west Qinling Fault is characterized by shear and compression. The structural properties of the fault structure are dominated by strike-slip and thrust, with a larger strike-slip component. The near-north-south Yellow River Fault is characterized by high angle NW dipping and normal fault motion.
Based on small earthquake relocation and focal mechanism solution results, and in combination with published active structures and geophysical data in the study area, it is confirmed that the western margin of Ordos is affected by the three blocks of the Tibetan plateau, the Alax and the Ordos, presenting different tectonic deformation modes, and there are also obvious differences in motion among the secondary blocks between the active faults. The area south of the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault has moved southeastward since the early Quaternary; the Yinchuan Basin and the block in the eastern margin of the Yellow River Fault move toward the SE direction. 相似文献
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以2000年以来6.4级以上地震为例,研究了腾冲地区潜热通量（SLHF）在这些震例发生前后的变化特征。结果表明：腾冲地区的SLHF动态,不但在其附近发生强地震前常出现异常,而且对周边较远的强地震前也会发生异常反应;异常出现时间大都在震前1个半月以内,汶川地震前异常出现较早,发生在震前2个月之前,这可能与汶川地震震级高影响范围大有关;异常幅值与震级有关,震级越大,异常表现越强。 比如芦山7.0级地震、缅甸7.0级地震和汶川MS 8.0地震前,腾冲地区SLHF异常幅度很大,远远超过最大参考值,而姚安6.5级地震和宁洱6.4级地震前异常幅度就相对小一些。腾冲地区SLHF异常与周围强地震的发生有较好的相关性,一方面与腾冲地区的活动断裂发育、现今构造变形强烈有关,另一方面可能是由于腾冲地区火山活动强烈,温泉广泛发育,水热交换迅速,对周边构造活动感应灵敏所致。 相似文献