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1.
Effects of water temperature （17, 21, 25, 30 and 35℃） and body size （14.75-281.41 g initial body weight） on food consumption, growth, feed conversion, and dry matter content in orange-spotted grouper fed to satiation were investigated. The combined effect of temperature （T, ℃） and body weight （W, g） on maximum food consumption （Cmax, g/day） was described as： InCmax=-7.411＋0.828 InW＋0.317T4）.004 7T2, and the optimum feeding temperature was 33.9℃. The combined effect of temperature and body weight on growth （G） was described as： lnG=-4.461-0.2081nW＋0.394T-0.006 3T^2. The optimum growth temperature was 31.4℃, whereas overall growth rates were high at 25, 30 and 35 ℃. Feed conversion efficiencies （FCE, %）, increasing first and then decreasing with increasing temperature, averaged from 1.8 to 2.1 in terms of dry weight of food fish. The optimum temperature for FCE tended to be lower than that for growth or feeding. Dry matter content increased with both increasing water temperature （17, 25, 30 and 35℃） and body weight, and the combined effect of temperature and body weight on dry matter content （DM, %） was described as： lnDM =3.232＋0.01 4 lnW-0.004 4T＋0.001 2TInW.  相似文献   

2.
The effects of body weight and temperature on the carbon budget of the juvenile bastard halibut ,Paralichthys olivaceus ,were studied at temperature 13.5,18,21.5 and 24℃,respectively.The carbon intake,faecal and growth carbon were measured ,and the carbon respiration was calculated using the carbon budget equation (Cc=Gc Fc Rc),The combined relationship between different components of the carbon budgent,body weight and temperature could be described by regression equations:Cc=1.0206 W^0.8126E^0.1483T;Gc=0.0042w^1.4096(-5.11 T^3 285.90T^2-5173.72T 30314.03);Fc=0.0485W^0.7711e^0.1624T;Uc=1.4333W^0.6715e^0.1487t,Body weight had no significant effect on the carbon absorption efficiency and the conversion efficiency.  相似文献   

3.
This study was conducted to evaluate the critical thermal maximum(CTMax), the routine metabolism rate(MO_2) and the limiting oxygen saturation(LOS) of three salmonids with four different body weights ranging from 16 g to 131 g. The CTMax was estimated at three different heating rates including 0.5℃ min~(-1), 1℃ h~(-1) and 2℃ d~(-1). Results showed that the CTMax of maple trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) was the highest, which was followed by steelhead trout(O. mykiss) and Atlantic salmon(Salmon salar). The CTMax of the salmonid fish decreased with the increment of body weight, and was significantly influenced by the heating rate. The MO_2 of the salmonid fish increased with the increment of temperature, and decreased with the increment of body weight. Suffocation points of the fish decreased with increasing body weight and temperature. Steelhead trout was more tolerant to hypoxia than maple trout and Atlantic salmon, while the MO_2 of Atlantic salmon was the highest among these three salmonids. The LOS of the fish generally had a positive trend with temperature and body weight, and the LOS of steelhead trout was significantly lower than that of maple trout and Atlantic salmon. In conclusion, maple trout was the most tolerant kind to high temperature, while steelhead trout was the most tolerant to hypoxia among three kinds of salmonids. Moreover, the abilities to tolerate higher temperature of three salmonids were affected by their body weight and the heating rate, while the abilities to tolerate hypoxia were influenced by their body weight and the water temperature.  相似文献   

4.
Oxygen uptake under starvation and short periods of sudden temperature change was measured forlarval herring (Clupea harengus L.) reared at average temperature of 7.3, 11 and 12.9℃. Larval stagesbetween first feeding and premetamorphosis were used. For comparison, the routine oxygen uptake(ROU) was also investigated and followed the relationship Q=0.974+0. 174 tW~(0.210), where Q is in μg/(mg·h), W is dry body weight in mg and t is temperature in ℃. The oxygen uptake under starvation(SOU, deprived of food for 24 h) was different from the routine when the larval dry weightwas less than 0.6-0.8 mg, it increased with temperature and body weight giving the reationship Q=1.568+0.110 tW~(0.380), if the larval dry weight mp more than 0.6-0.8 mg, it reverted to the norm(Q=1.704+0.078 tW~(-0.349)). The oxygen uptake was tested in short periods (3 h) of sudden temperaturechanges in six groups: 7.3 to 11, 7.3 to 12.9, 11 to 7.3. 11 to 12.9, 12.9 to 7.3 and 1.29 to11℃. The oxygen uptake in the 7.3 to 12.9 and 1  相似文献   

5.
Knowledge of oxygen consumption rates and asphyxiation points in fish is important to determine appropriate stocking and water quality management in aquaculture.The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point in Chanodichthys mongolicus were detected under laboratory conditions using an improved respirometer chamber.The results revealed that more accurate estimates can be obtained by adjusting the volume of the respirometer chamber,which may avoid system errors caused by either repeatedly adjusting fish density or selecting different equipment specifications.The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point of C.mongolicus increased with increasing water temperature and decreasing fish size.Changes in the C.mongolicus oxygen consumption rate were divided into three stages at water temperatures of 11-33℃:(1) a low temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 11-19℃,(2) the optimum temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was19-23℃,and(3) a high temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 27℃.The temperature quotients(Q_(10)) obtained suggested that C.mongolicus preferred a temperature range of19-23℃.At 19℃,C.mongolicus exhibited higher oxygen consumption rates during the day when the maximum values were observed at 10:00 and 14:00 than at night when the minimum occurred at 02:00.  相似文献   

6.
Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, there  相似文献   

7.
Experiment on phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） was conducted at water temperature 21℃ and salinity 33. The results showed that the growth phosphorus （phosphorus that allocated into growth, GP） increased from -30.84% to 15.83% by feeding on graded amount of diets （starvation, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% body weight and satiation）. The GP linearly increased with feeding levels （FL） as GP （mg） = - 0.785 ＋ 0.604 FL, and at satiation the relationship between GP and body weight （BW） was GP （mg） = 1,5991 BW0.7685. In the budget, IP （intake phosphorus） = GP ＋ FP （faecal phosphorus） ＋ EP （excretion phosphorus）. FP showed an irregular tendency with different feeding levels, and EP decreased with increasing feeding levels but rebound at satiation. The P budget at satiation was 100IP = 15.84 GP ＋ 64.62 FP ＋ 19.55 EP.  相似文献   

8.
Scales of the Lake Anchovy in Taihu Lake are used as a basis for its age determination. Annual variation of scale edge growth rate (a) indicates that the annulus forms once a year, mainly in April-June. The relationship formula for boby length and scale diameter is L = 18.658 + 118.06R, that for body length and weight is W= 7.588×10-6 L2.8301; W - 5.584×10-6 L2.8781. The fish before age II have a higher relative growth rate in boby length and weight and a higher growth index. Growth is consistent with the growth equation by Von Bertalanffy. The turning point of the body weight growth curve is located between age II and III; the exact position is at W = 0.292W∞. Variation specificity of the growth course can be reflected by the growth rate and its acceleration curves. Time for capture of the fish should preferably be after age II, when they have reached a body length of 170 mm. That is one of the key measures to increase Lake Anchovy production in Taihu Lake.  相似文献   

9.
The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.  相似文献   

10.
Growth and energy budget of the polychaete, Neanthesjaponica, at various temperatures (17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 ℃) were investigated in this study. The growth, as indicated by final dry weight and specific growth rate (SGR), increased with increasing temperature, with the maximum level at 26℃, and then decreased significantly at 29℃. A similar trend was observed in feeding rate, food conversion efficiency (FCE) and apparent digestive rate (ADR). However, no significant differences were detected in ADR among all the temperature treatments. In the pattern of energy allocation, faeces energy was only a small component of energy budget and had little influence on the proportion of food energy allocated to growth. The metabolic energy accounted for a large portion of energy intake for each temperature treatment. The nitrogen excretion was appreciable with changing temperature. The two expendi-ture terms (respiration energy and excretion energy) in energy budget were the major factors influencing the proportion of food en-ergy allocated to growth. These results revealed that temperature affected the growth of N. japonica mainly by influencing feeding rate and FCE. In addition, regression equations describing the relationship between feeding rate, faecal production, SGR, FCE and temperature were obtained. The optimum temperatures for feeding rate, FCE and SGR were estimated at 25.01 ℃, 24.24℃ and 24.73 ℃, respectively, from the regression equations.  相似文献   

11.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｓｅａｂａｓｓ (ＬａｔｅｏｌａｂｒａｘｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＣ＆Ｖ)ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＢｏｈａｉＳｅａ ,ＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ ,ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ,ａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ .Ａｓａｃａｒｎｉｖｏｒｏｕｓｆｉｓｈ ,ｉｔｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｔｈｅｍａｒｉｎｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｈａｓａｄａｐｔｅｄｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｒ…  相似文献   

12.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎｆｉｓｈｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＳ)ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＲ),ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｃｔｉｏｎ(ＳＤＡ)ａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(ＲＡ),ｒｅｌａｔｅｄａｓ:　　ＲＴ=ＲＳ ＲＲ ＳＤＡ ＲＡｗｈｅｒｅＲＳｉｓｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｓｈａｔｒｅｓｔ;ＲＲｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｆｉｓｈ;ＳＤＡｔｈｅｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｏｆｔｈ…  相似文献   

13.
Growth of black porgy,Sparus macrocephalus, was studied experimentally at four ration levels from starvation to satiation and four temperatures ranging from 14.8 to 26.8°C. At maximum rations, the specific growth rate (SGR) increased with temperature and was a negative linear function of body weight. The relationship between SGR and ration levels was a decelerating curve. Stepwise regression was used to develop the predictive models for the specific growth rates. Maintenance rations and optimum rations both increased with increased temperature. The relationship between maintenance, optimum rations and body weight was influenced by temperature. Conversion efficiencies increased with ration from zero at maintenance ration to a peak at the optimum ration, then declined with further increased ration. Contribution No. 3127 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39370542 supported by NSFC and study also supported by National Key Laboratory in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

14.
Fatty acid composition of fourSargassum species from Qingdao and Shidao, Shandong Province was investigated. 16:0 (palmitic acid) was the major saturated fatty acid. C18 and C20 were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid predominated among polyenoic acids in all the algal species examined, except forSargassum sp. which had low concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid. Contribution No. 2354 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  相似文献   

15.
The present paper reports 12 species of genus Periclimenes, subfamily Pontoniinae, collected from Hainan Island, South China Sea, by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions, in which, Periclimenes consobrinus and P. tenuipes are new records from Chinese waters, and Periclimenes amymone, P. holthuisi, P. soror, and P. toloensis are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.  相似文献   

16.
A full length amphioxus cDNA, encoding a novel phosducin-like protein (Amphi-PhLP), was identified for the first time from the gut cDNA library of Branchiostoma belcheri. It is comprised of 1 550 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 241 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed a tissue-specific expression pattern of Amphi-PhLP with the high levels in the ovary, and at a lower level in the hind gut and testis, hepatic caecum, gill, endostyle, and epipharyngeal groove, while it was absent in the muscle, neural tube and notochord. In the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the expression plasmid pEGFP-N1/Amphi-PhLP, the fusion protein was targeted in the cytoplasm of CHO cells, suggesting that Amphi-PhLP is a cytosolic protein. This work may provide a framework for further understanding of the physiological function of Amphi-PhLP in B. belcheri. Supported by the Pilot Projects of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-211-03 and MGE2008KG06)  相似文献   

17.
A new species of cymothoid Isopeda, Nerocila donghaiensis, collected from the body of a sciaenid fish, Johnius sp., is described in the present paper. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of genus Nerocila by its endoped of uropods with deep notch, sharply serrated on the lateral margin and strongly serrated on the medial margin; antennule with 1 st article swollen; dactyli of pereopods Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ swollen.  相似文献   

18.
The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope.Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated “zoospores” and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the fmdings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth.  相似文献   

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