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1.
东天山地区图拉尔根铜镍硫化物矿床成因及成矿过程   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3  
焦建刚  汤中立  钱壮志  孙涛  段俊  姜超 《岩石学报》2012,28(11):3772-3786
东天山地区图拉尔根大型铜镍硫化物岩浆矿床是近年找矿的重大突破。通过矿床中坑道穿脉的精细研究,表明 岩体的岩相由角闪橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩与辉长岩组成,不同岩相的稀土元素配分曲线平行过渡变化,暗示各岩相是同源岩浆演化而成。岩相的分布及其接触关系、岩石地球化学及区域构造等指示图拉尔根矿床发生了后期变位。元素地球化学及同位素地球化学研究显示,岩体来自尖晶石稳定的亏损型地幔源区,亏损型地幔部分熔融与消减板片脱水物质混合导致图拉尔根岩体富集轻稀土元素而保持了MORB型同位素特征。岩浆上升过程中经历了微弱(<5%)的上地壳混染。铂族元素地球化学研究显示矿床中铂族含量较低,主要是因为地幔部分熔融较低(约16%),部分铂族元素残留在地幔中所致。  相似文献   

2.
图拉尔根铜镍矿位于新疆黄山-镜儿泉铜镍矿带东段,其发现和探明是近年来该区带找矿的重大突破。矿区内分布有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号3个小岩体,其中Ⅰ号岩体含矿性最佳,勘查程度也最高。Ⅰ号杂岩体为一同构造基性-超基性杂岩体,具有典型的环带状岩相分带结构。图拉尔根Ⅰ号岩体的辉长岩单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U-Pb精确定年结果为300.5±3.2Ma,而Ⅱ号岩体锆石SIMS U-Pb精确定年结果为357.5±2.5Ma,明显早于Ⅰ号岩体。Ⅰ号岩体成岩时代为晚石炭世-早二叠世,与东天山地区大多数镁铁-超镁铁岩体的形成时代相近,而Ⅱ号岩体时代为早石炭世,表明二者不是同期岩浆活动的产物,其形成背景与东天山早二叠世大规模成矿期的碰撞后伸展背景形成的基性-超基性侵入岩体不同。稀土元素及微量元素分析表明,两个岩体的轻重稀土分异明显,都为向右倾的轻稀土富集型配分模式,具负的Nb、Ta异常。但Ⅱ号岩体的斜率高于Ⅰ号岩体。Ⅰ号岩体富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Th轻微亏损,高场强元素Zr、Hf呈正异常,而Ⅱ号岩体明显亏损Rb,富集Ba,同时有Sr的正异常和Zr、Hf的明显负异常。Ⅰ号岩体微量元素具有Nb、Ta相对于Th、La亏损,Ba、Th、U含量高的特点,表现出地壳物质混染的特征。Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体目前所见均以辉长岩为主体岩石类型,含矿性较差。Ⅱ号岩体和Ⅰ号岩体微量元素富集特征不一致,也显示这两个岩体的母岩浆性质可能不尽相同,但两个岩体的微量元素特征都显示出遭受了一定程度的地壳混染,这对成矿是有利的。由于Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体发育有高磁、高重力和低阻异常,我们尚不能排除其深部产出矿化的可能性,有必要开展进一步的勘查评价。图拉尔根两个镁铁-超镁铁岩体的最新定年结果,将东天山地区与铜镍硫化物矿床相伴的镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆活动时限提前了10Ma,为在该区进一步找矿提供了年代学依据。  相似文献   

3.
新疆图拉尔根铜镍钴矿产于康古儿塔格—黄山韧性剪切带的北东段,是由硫化物深部熔离成矿为主兼就地熔离、热液叠加成矿多重作用形成的半隐伏矿床。1号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为4个岩相:角闪橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、角闪辉石岩、辉长岩。岩性具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿特征。岩体m/f值为3.1~4.8,属于铁质超镁铁岩类,且具有低钛、低碱、低Al2O3特征,与黄山—镜儿泉镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩带岩石化学特征相似。由稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素、过渡族元素蛛网图可知1号和2号岩体具有同源性,并具有互补性,预示2号岩体深部成矿潜力很大,虽然其地表辉长岩矿化微弱。根据横穿1号和2号岩体的大地电磁测深剖面图可以看出两个岩体在深部具有同一个岩浆通道,也验证了两岩体属于同一岩浆来源。较低的La/Sm(<2)和Th/Ta值(4.6)表明成矿岩浆为地幔来源,岩体就位时很少受到地壳的混染。  相似文献   

4.
新疆东天山发育有十多个与铜镍硫化物成矿有关的镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体,对选取于黄山东和图拉尔根岩体岩体内不同岩性中的新鲜橄榄石进行了矿物化学成分测试。黄山东岩体角闪辉长岩相的橄榄角闪辉长岩中橄榄石Fo为67~73,超镁铁岩相的角闪(斜长)橄榄岩、角闪二辉橄榄岩和斜长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo为81~84,Ni含量为308~1762μg/g;图拉尔根岩体中橄榄石Fo为82~85,Ni含量变化范围为857~1818μg/g。利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到黄山东岩体母岩浆MgO为10.3%,图拉尔根岩体母岩浆MgO为11.47%。橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟结果显示,黄山东岩体发生了19%的橄榄石分离结晶,由橄榄石分离结晶导致硫化物熔离的程度约为0.3%,晶间硫化物熔浆的物质交换作用对黄山东橄榄石的成分有重要影响;图拉尔根岩体发生了9%左右的橄榄石结晶,由橄榄石结晶导致出熔的硫化物熔体大约为0.5%。  相似文献   

5.
哈密图拉尔根铜镍矿Ⅰ号岩体矿床特征及成矿研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
岩浆型Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床是指与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆成矿作用有关的、以硫化物为主的矿床.图拉尔根铜镍矿属于岩浆熔离贯入型矿床,辅有就地熔离、热液叠加成矿多重作用形成的矿床.Ⅰ号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,可分为角闪橄辉岩、角闪辉石岩、橄榄辉石岩和辉长岩4个岩相,块状矿化和海绵陨铁特富矿体主要产在角闪橄辉岩相中.矿石中磁黄铁矿-镍黄铁矿-黄铜矿共生为其主要特征,此外,金属矿物还有磁铁矿及少量钛铁矿.脉石矿物主要有普通角闪石、蛇纹石、透辉石、氟钠透闪石-钙镁闪石及绢云母、白云母、方解石、磷灰石.通过室内大量工作,对本矿床矿石矿物、结构特征及成矿过程进行了总结,研究认为,原始岩浆在深部岩浆房中发生了熔离作用和重力分异,形成矿体和不同岩相.图拉尔根铜镍矿体分异侵位之后产于比重较大的角闪橄辉岩相带内,整个铜镍硫化物矿床的形成存在一个由岩浆到热液的演化系列和不同阶段的富集成矿.  相似文献   

6.
《地学前缘》2017,(6):80-97
似斑状角闪辉长岩类是东天山镁铁-超镁铁杂岩的一部分,以含有嵌晶角闪石为特征,其中部分岩体的似斑状角闪辉长岩赋存铁钛氧化物矿床。为探讨东天山似斑状角闪辉长岩类和铁钛氧化物矿床形成的内在成因关系,本次研究对二红洼、牛毛泉和香山西似斑状角闪辉长岩类的斜长石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石以及嵌晶角闪石进行了系统的电子探针成分分析,并对其形成物理化学条件进行了探讨。结果表明,东天山似斑状角闪辉长岩类的母岩浆氧逸度变化范围为NNO-0.37~NNO+1.15,和攀西地区最大的红格岩体的氧逸度一致,侵入于中下地壳,深度介于8.9~15.7km,结晶温度大于914℃。东天山似斑状角闪辉长岩中铁钛氧化物矿床的富集得益于母岩浆的高氧逸度,但铁钛氧化物矿床的形成和规模则受控于各个岩体的岩浆演化程度。二红洼、牛毛泉和香山西的岩浆的演化程度系统增高,演化程度最低的二红洼岩体并未形成铁钛氧化物矿床,而分异演化程度逐渐增高的牛毛泉和香山西似斑状角闪辉长岩类则分别形成了本区一个小型的和一个大型的铁钛氧化物矿床。  相似文献   

7.
圪塔山口含铜镍镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山黄山–镜儿泉–图拉尔根铜镍矿带东段。岩体由I-1,I-2,I-3,I-4四个小岩体组成,主要岩石类型为辉石橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉长岩和闪长岩,主要赋矿岩相为辉石橄榄岩。I-2号含矿岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为275.0±3.6 Ma,与东天山地区含铜镍矿镁铁–超镁铁岩体形成时代相近,I-4号不含矿岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为364.2±3.9 Ma,明显早于含矿岩体。样品的主量元素组成显示岩浆演化过程主要发生了橄榄石和少量辉石的分离结晶/堆晶作用;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈轻稀土略富集的右倾型,Eu异常不明显;微量元素特征显示相对富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Sr、Ba),适度亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。岩石地球化学特征表明岩浆演化过程中遭受了较弱的中–下地壳物质混染。U/Th-Th/Zr、Ba/Th-Th/Yb图解,La/Nb、La/Ba和Ba/Nb比值表明岩浆源区遭受了明显的俯冲流体交代作用。综合含矿岩体年代学、岩石地球化学特征及区域演化历史,认为圪塔山口含矿岩体形成于碰撞后伸展背景,可能同时叠加了塔里木地幔柱活动的影响。  相似文献   

8.
柴达木盆地西北缘新发现的牛鼻子梁铜镍矿床位于阿尔金南缘断裂和柴北缘断裂交汇部位。矿区内包含3个镁铁-超镁铁岩体,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ号岩体中可见铜、镍硫化物矿化,区内岩体岩相分带明显,由南往北可分为橄榄岩相、辉石岩相和辉长岩相。橄榄岩相岩石包含角闪二辉橄榄岩、角闪橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩,辉石岩相岩石包含橄榄二辉岩、二辉岩。镍、铜矿化与橄榄岩相岩石关系密切。本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年法测得Ⅰ号岩体闪长岩形成年龄为(388.0±2.8)Ma,Ⅱ号矿化岩体二辉橄榄岩形成年龄为(402.2±2.8)Ma,Ⅲ号矿化岩体斜长二辉橄榄岩形成年龄为(402.8±2.6)Ma。属早泥盆世,表明牛鼻子梁岩体形成于造山后陆内拉张环境,为晚古生代早期幔源岩浆活动的产物。牛鼻子梁铜镍矿床是中国除了夏日哈木矿床外又一形成于早泥盆世新的铜镍矿化类型,具有较好的镍铜硫化物矿床成矿潜力。  相似文献   

9.
新疆图拉尔根Ni-Cu硫化物矿床产于康古儿塔格—黄山韧性剪切带的北东段,属于岩浆熔离贯入型矿床。1号岩体以全岩矿化为特征,各岩相环带状产出,岩性具有单期岩浆多次脉动上涌成矿特征。由大地电磁测深剖面图、稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素可知1号和2号岩体具有同源性,并具有互补性,在深部具有同一个岩浆通道。较低的La/Sm(2)和Th/Ta值(4.6)表明成矿岩浆为地幔来源,岩体就位时很少受到地壳的混染。PGE特征表明,图拉尔根岩浆源于地幔低程度的部分熔融。Pd-Ni图显示在岩浆演化早期没有发生过硫化物的熔离作用。根据岩石学、岩相学、地球化学等资料综合分析,对图拉尔根Ni-Cu硫化物矿床的成矿模式进行了探讨,认为其成矿模式为深部熔离反相复式贯入成矿。构造在图拉尔根矿床就位过程中起了重要影响,决定了矿体的产出状态。  相似文献   

10.
在西准噶尔萨吾尔岛弧带上首次发现了阿拉斯加型(岛弧型)镁铁-超镁铁环状杂岩体,并伴有铜镍矿化,这对认识区域构造格局与区域铜镍找矿具有重要意义。吐尔库班套杂岩体主要岩性为角闪辉长岩、辉长岩和橄榄岩。橄榄岩位于杂岩体的中部,辉长岩主要位于边部,角闪辉长岩位于杂岩体的最外带,表现出环状岩体特征。辉长岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为394.6±4.9Ma,形成于早泥盆世。元素地球化学特征表明该镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体来自同一源区,是同一原始岩浆分异演化的产物。高Mg和Cr特征及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征暗示源区可能主要显示出略亏损地幔的性质,但由于俯冲富水洋壳物质的加入或者在上升过程中受到地壳物质混染,显示出轻微富集地幔的特征。亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti为岛弧岩浆的特征。该岩体明显不同于新疆东天山黄山、图拉尔根、香山和额尔齐斯东段的喀拉通克等早二叠世造山后伸展背景的Cu-Ni矿床,与美国阿拉斯加东南部Duke Island杂岩体赋存的Cu-Ni矿床相类似。确认其为产于岛弧构造背景的阿拉斯加型岩体。同时确立了在萨乌尔山地区,准噶尔洋壳的俯冲作用在早泥盆世就已存在。在萨乌尔岛弧带泥盆纪阿拉斯加型岩体中具有寻找岩浆硫化物铜-镍-铂矿的地质条件与潜力。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

14.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

15.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

16.
17.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

18.
岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...  相似文献   

19.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

20.
海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.  相似文献   

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