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1.
滑坡滑面(带)的辩识 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
滑面（带）的识别是滑坡调查中的关键性问题之一,它对于滑坡稳定性研究及工程整治设计具有重要意义。本文将滑坡滑面（带）的基本类型分为岩质滑面、堆积层滑面及土质滑面,并从滑面的地质特征如镜摩擦面、擦痕、泥化带、定向排列的菱形剪力体等方面入手,归纳出滑坡滑面的主要识别方法,包括简易力学分析、野外地质判断、现场勘探、位移监测和地球物理探测等,并分别阐述了它们的适用性。 相似文献
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根据多年从事土工试验及滑坡研究的经验和体会，通过滑坡滑带上抗剪强度指标体系的多种方法的试验对比和综合分析，本文对土质滑坡滑面（带）抗剪强度指标的室内测试，提出了一种新的试验方法，即滑带土的多次剪试验，该方法在理论上较为严谨，实践上更切合工程实际，是解决土质滑坡滑面（带）残余抗剪强度指标问题值得推广的一种试验方法。 相似文献
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通过对川藏公路茶树山滑坡地质环境条件的系统调查研究,分析了滑坡岩土体结构、边界条件、变形特征、影响因素,并结合3DEC数值模拟,对其变形破坏机制进行了深入的探讨。综合分析表明,滑坡位于活动断裂带内,后缘斜坡陡峭,岩体破碎,同时前缘为较厚的松散堆积体斜坡,在地震活动、降雨等影响因素的诱发作用下,滑坡成因机制主要表现为以下3个阶段:(1)倾倒拉裂阶段,滑坡受后缘地形及岩体结构控制作用较为明显,在坡体浅表层一定深度范围内出现较为强烈的倾倒拉裂变形带,产生倾倒-拉裂滑动;(2)蠕滑变形阶段,前缘松散堆积体在强大的自重推力作用下发生蠕滑变形;(3)前部"锁骨段"剪断,整体失稳阶段,滑坡前部锁骨段在自重推力及断层活动的持续影响下,发生剪断,控制后缘倾倒拉裂体稳定性的潜在滑面与前缘松散堆积体体内的剪切滑动面贯通,滑坡整体失稳。 相似文献
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以国道G316线安康至汉阴段K25膨胀土公路滑坡为例,介绍了滑坡的地质环境条件,阐述了该膨胀土公路滑坡的形态、滑面滑床特征和变形特征以及气象水文、地形地貌和人类工程活动等,内外营力对该滑坡的影响。采用非饱和土强度理论,对滑坡的形成过程和机理进行了详细分析,得出开挖路堑是该滑坡产生的直接原因。其形成过程及机理为:开挖—非饱和滑带土浸水软化,抗剪强度降低或丧失—坡面隆起、坡顶开裂和坡脚剪切破坏—剪切破坏区向上发展与后缘张裂隙贯通—滑面贯通、滑坡产生。 相似文献
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滑坡及危岩(崩塌)防治工程措施选择与工程设置 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
滑坡和危岩（崩塌）治理工程措施较多，措施组合可变性大，每种工程措施都有其相应的应用条件，不宜性、适宜性和最佳配置组合。治理工程措施选择应充分考虑治理工程功能性的具体要求、在不同工况条件下的安全性及耐久性、工期要求和投资的经济性以及后期维护的要求、工程岩土体性质及其蓄水后的变化、场地条件、施工技术条件、地方材料资源等具体制约因素以及环境保护的要求。在三峡水库区二期地质灾害防治工程国家级验收总结的基础上，对滑坡与危岩（崩塌）常用防治工程措施（排水、削方减载、回填压脚、抗滑桩、重力式抗滑挡墙、预应力锚索、格构锚固、拦石墙等）的工程适用条件、工程设置及不宜性进行了详细的分析，并提出工程设置应考虑及注意的问题。 相似文献
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三交坪滑坡位于四川首汉源县境内的流沙河左岸，分布面积约1km^3。由于该坡体存在层间错动带和局部变形碎裂体．且地表泉水点较多．造成坡体上游、中部及前缘出现了大量的拉裂缝，目前坡体局部已处于不稳定状态。因此，对该坡体的稳定性评价显得尤为重要。文章根据坡体的结构及形态特征详细分析了滑坡的形成演化机制，判定三交坪滑坡的破坏模式为蠕滑拉裂。同时采用岸坡岩体地质分析及量化评价方法对该滑坡的稳定性进行了分析，得出浅层计算滑面及基岩覆盖界面处的深部计算滑面在天然状态下稳定性良好；但在天然＋暴雨的条件下，浅部滑面的稳定性有少许弱化，处于临界不稳定状态。最后，根据以上分析提出合理的治理建议。 相似文献
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滑坡灾害的工程治理方法有很多,每种治理措施在施工之前都需进行大量的模拟研究。本文以三峡库区某滑坡为载体,针对削方减载、回填压脚的组合治理措施进行了较为深入的数值模拟研究。文中首先计算出原坡滑体主滑段与抗滑段分界线,在此基础上,设计了四种削方回填方案,用数值模拟的方法预测其治理效果。先通过有限元法,以一年为计算周期,对原滑坡及四种方案分别进行瞬态渗流分析,计算出相应的孔隙水压力,然后再运用极限平衡法计算五种模型的稳定性系数,并分析治理前后滑面相关参数。通过对比不同的方案,从滑坡体稳定性系数、滑面有效正应力、滑面抗剪强度、方案性价比等四个方面评价了其治理效果,为工程实践提供科学依据。 相似文献
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研究目的:昔格达地层填方路堤滑坡主要发生于填方体下伏昔格达地层承载力较低、自然边坡较陡、地下水和地表水截排工程欠佳、支挡工程锚固力不足、老滑坡失稳牵引、路堤压实度较差等因素诱发的一种工程滑坡。为有效对昔格达地层填方路堤滑坡进行合理防治,本文以某高速公路填方路堤滑坡为例,对昔格达地层填方路堤滑坡的成因和工程治理方案进行针对性的分析。研究结论:(1)昔格达地层填方路堤滑坡的因素较多,正确分析诱发滑坡的主要因素是合理确定应急工程和永久治理工程的关键所在;(2)设置针对性的截、排工程措施和对路堤填方进行适时、适量的必要卸载,是有效控制昔格达地层路堤滑坡的主要应急工程手段;(3)昔格达地层填方路堤滑坡的治理,应充分考虑填方体内部发育的圆弧状滑面,以及由昔格达残坡积层、风化层和下伏基岩之间形成的多层潜在滑面,继而采取积极有效的支挡和反压工程对多层滑体进行治理;(4)应急工程设置时应充分考虑其将来作为永久工程的效用,尽量减小工程重复或报废;(5)路堤滑坡治理方案的确定,应考虑道路的正常保通、工程造价、社会影响、施工工期等综合因素。 相似文献
10.
池永翔 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(1):28-31
文章在分析福建周宁县马头山滑坡的地质环境条件的基础上,阐述了滑坡的形态、滑面滑床特征和变形特征以及气象水文、地形地貌和人类工程活动等内外营力对该滑坡的影响,并对滑坡的形成过程和机理进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,该滑坡形成过程及机理为：开挖-滑带土浸水软化、抗剪强度降低或丧失-坡面、坡顶开裂和坡脚剪切破坏-剪切破坏区向上发展与后缘张裂隙贯通-滑面贯通、滑坡产生。根据定量分析计算,在连续降雨或暴雨条件下,该滑坡整体超过临界稳定状态而处于不稳定状态,滑坡可能继续失稳破坏。根据滑坡特征,提出了采取削坡减载、排水及坡面防护的综合治理方案。 相似文献
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A supernova explosion in a close binary system in which one of the components is a compact magnetized object (neutron star or white dwarf) can form a narrow “tail” with length l t ～109 cm, width h t ～108 cm, and magnetic field B t ～106, due to the resulting shock wave flowing around the magnetosphere of the compact object. The energy released by the reconnection of magnetic field lines in this tail can accelerate electrons to relativistic speeds (γ≈104), creating the conditions required for powerful synchrotron radiation at energies from hundreds of keV to several MeV, i.e., for a gamma-ray burst (GRB). The duration of this radiation will depend on the power of the shock that forms during the supernova. If the shock is not sufficiently powerful to tear off the magnetosphere tail from the compact object, the duration of the GRB will not exceed l t /V A ≤1 s, and the conditions necessary for an “afterglow” at softer energies will not arise. If the shock is more powerful, the tail can be torn from the magnetosphere, forming a narrow ejection, which is perceived in its relativistic motion toward the observer(Γ～104) as an afterglow whose duration grows from tens of seconds at gamma-ray energies to tens of days in the optical. This may explain why afterglows are observed only in association with long GRBs (T 90>10 s). Very short GRBs (T 90<0.1 s) may be local, i.e., low-power, phenomena occurring in close pairs containing compact, magnetized objects, in which there is again an interaction between the magnetosphere of the compact object and a shock wave, but the shock is initiated by a flare on the companion, which is a red-dwarf cataclysmic variable, rather than by a supernova. 相似文献
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This paper presents a theoretical approach to analyse coupled, linear thermoporoelastic fields in a saturated porous medium under radial and spherical symmetry. The governing equations account for compressibility and thermal expansion of constituents, heat sink due to thermal dilatation of water and thermal expansion of the medium, and thermodynamically coupled heat–water flow. It has been reported in the literature that thermodynamically coupled heat–water flows known as thermo-osmosis and thermal filtration have the potential to significantly alter the flow fields in clay-rich barriers in the near field of a underground waste containment scheme. This study presents a mathematical model and examines the effects of thermo-osmosis and thermal-filtration on coupled consolidation fields in a porous medium with a cavity. Analytical solutions of the governing equations are presented in the Laplace transform space. A numerical inversion scheme is used to obtain the time-domain solutions for a cylindrical cavity in a homogeneous or a non-homogeneous medium. A closed form time-domain solution is presented for a spherical cavity in a homogeneous medium. Selected numerical solutions for homogeneous and non-homogeneous media show a significant increase in pore pressure and displacements due to the presence of thermodynamically coupled flows and a negligible influence on temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The possible application of a Rindler type reference frame for studies of physical processes near the horizons of black and white holes is considered. New similar reference frames inside black and white holes in the region T of a Kruskal wormhole are introduced. 相似文献
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A. N. Galybin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1998,22(3):175-196
The problem of the equilibrium of a plane with a circular hole and a shear crack is considered to model failure of an excavation (borehole or circular opening) in rocks weakened by discontinuities (planes of weakness). It is assumed that sliding occurs in a part of the plane of weakness when the Mohr–Coulomb friction criterion is satisfied due to the stress redistribution caused by the excavation. The method of singular integral equations is employed to solve the boundary value problem. Geomechanical problems concerning borehole breakout and rockburst caused by fault-opening interaction are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The focus of this contribution is to develop a complex variable function method to solve the two-dimensional scattering of plane waves by a lined cylindrical cavity in the poroelastic half-plane. The poroelastic half-plane is based on Biot’s dynamic theory, and the governing equations are solved by reduction to three Helmholtz equations. The lining structure can be treated as an elastic material and decoupled into two Helmholtz equations. Here, the large circle assumption is applied to simulate the half-plane boundary. By using appropriate boundary conditions and continuity conditions, the unknown coefficients in the potentials can be determined. Selected numerical results are presented in this paper. 相似文献
16.
On a controversial method for modeling a coregionalization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
P. Goovaerts 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(2):197-204
This paper reviews two alternative approaches for modeling the (cross) variograms in a coregionalization: (1) fitting the traditional linear model of coregionalization. or (2) deducing the crossvariogram model as a linear combination of prior direct (auto) variogram models while checking the Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities. We show that the second approach has no practical advantage over the traditional one and may not be valid if more than two variables are involved. In such case. Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities are necessary but not sufficient conditions for validity of a coregionalization model. 相似文献
17.
The Behaviour of a Reinforced Soil Mattress Spanning a Cavity Modelled in a Geotechnical Centrifuge 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sinkholes can occur on land underlain by dolomite and cause substantial damage to buildings and even loss of life. More than four million people work or reside on dolomite land in South Africa and it is therefore important to be able to construct safely on dolomite land and to minimise the risk of damage to infrastructure and loss of life. Compacted soil mattresses are often used to found structures on areas underlain by dolomite. This study investigated the effect of tensile reinforcement on the behaviour of a soil mattress spanning an underlying water filled cavity designed to impose a cover subsidence sinkhole. Three small-scale models, each consisting of a soil mattress with a cover subsidence sinkhole forming underneath, were constructed and tested in a geotechnical centrifuge. In the first test, an unreinforced soil mattress was tested and in two more tests, reinforced soil mattresses with different reinforcement strengths were tested. The settlement of the unreinforced soil mattress was initially less than that of the reinforced soil mattresses up to the point at which it failed suddenly. Neither of the reinforced soil mattresses failed suddenly, but both experienced large surface settlements that would have led to substantial damage to an overhead structure. 相似文献
18.
The impact force to a rigid obstruction from a granular mass sliding down a smooth incline provides insights into the solid-like and fluid-like behaviors of granular avalanches and useful information for risk assessment and engineering design against landslides. In this study, a series of 2-D flume tests were performed to systematically investigate the effects of inclination angle, sliding distance, and initial relative density on the flow front velocity and impact force on a rigid obstruction. The experimental results show that for inclination angles smaller than the critical state friction angle of sand, an increase in the sliding distance and/or initial relative density results in smaller impact forces; for higher inclination angles, the trend is reversed. Based on the experimental results, an analytical equation is proposed to estimate the flow front velocity and an empirical approach is presented to estimate the maximum impact force based on elastic solid and hydrodynamic methods. The proposed equations are found to provide more accurate predictions for the maximum impact force than similar equations in the literature. 相似文献
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滨海地区社会与经济的发展引发了各种各样的水文地质问题, 因此对滨海地区的水文地质条件, 尤其是地下水与海水之间的水力联系的研究尤为重要.本文考察了海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中由海潮引起的水头波动.该系统由潜水含水层、承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成.建立了该系统的数学模型, 得到了该模型的解析解.该解析解包含2个无量纲参数: 弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数.解析解表明, 淤泥层使各处的水头波幅被缩小了一个常数倍(波幅缩减因子), 并使各处的波动相位产生了一个不超过45°的正位移常数(时滞).该时滞对半日潮不超过1.5h, 对全日潮不超过3h.波幅缩减因子和正位移常数只与弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数有关.当这两个无量纲参数取某些特殊值时, 本次研究的解和前人考虑的几种较简单情形所对应的解一致.承压含水层中水头波幅随着淤泥层的相对透水系数的递增而严格递增, 随弱透水层的相对越流系数的递增而严格递减; 波动相位随着这2个无量纲参数的递增均严格递减.分析表明弱透水层的越流和淤泥层的存在均对承压含水层水头波动有显著影响. 相似文献
20.
An algorithm for determining if any given point,P, on the surface of a sphere is located inside, outside, or along the border of an arbitrary spherical polygon,S, is described. The polygon is described by specifying coordinates of its vertices, and coordinates of some pointX which is known to lie withinS. The algorithm is based on the principle that an arc joiningX andP will cross the border ofS an odd number of times ifP lies outsideS, and an even number of times ifP lies withinS. The algorithm has been implemented as a set of FORTRAN subroutines, and a listing is provided. The algorithm and subroutine package can be used with spherical polygons containing holes, or with composited spherical polygons. 相似文献