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1.
选择珠三角沿海地区有代表性的中山市神湾镇三个晚中生代花岗岩风化壳剖面进行系统采样和主量、微量元素分析,研究了花岗岩风化壳剖面元素地球化学特征.花岗岩风化壳剖面自上而下可划分为淋溶层(E)、淀积层(B)、半风化层(C)和基岩层(R),不同层位的Si、Al、K、Rb、U、Nb、Ta、Hf、Th、Se含量均高于大陆上地壳相应元素的丰度平均值,Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Ti、P、Sr、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zr含量则低于大陆上地壳相应元素的丰度平均值.剖面从母岩向上到表土层,化学风化程度逐渐增强,元素含量除继承母岩特征外,还发生了分异,其中Na、Ca、K、Mg、Rb、Sr、U等元素含量随风化程度的加深而降低,表现出在风化过程中淋失亏损的特征;Ti、P、Ta、Hf、Se、Nb、Th、Zr等元素含量随风化程度的加深而增高,表现出在风化过程中富集的特征.风化作用导致了研究区上层土壤中养分元素K、Ca、Mg淋失缺乏,硒在表层土壤中富集. 相似文献
2.
猫场铝土矿位于黔中清镇—修文铝土矿区,矿体产于下石炭统九架炉组,上覆摆佐组白云岩,下伏中上寒武统娄山关群白云岩,矿床成因类型为古风化壳沉积型.为了探讨猫场铝土矿成矿环境和成矿物质来源,为猫场矿区乃至黔中地区铝土矿资源的开发利用提供基础研究资料,我们对矿区铝土矿、顶底板铝土岩或粘土岩及围岩白云岩进行了主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学研究.结果显示,矿石成分主要为Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3和TiO2,含矿岩系富集Li、V、Ga、Sc、Nb、Ta、Th、Hf、Zr、Y和REE等微量元素.微量元素含量和比值(Th、Sr/Ba、Th/U)分析表明,矿区铝土矿形成于海陆交替的沉积环境,以陆相沉积为主,成矿过程为氧化还原交替的沉积环境.通过稳定元素(Al2O3/TiO2、Al2O3/Zr、TiO2/Nb、Zr/Nb、Zr/Ta、Zr/Hf和Ta/Nb)相关性分析和稀土球粒陨石标准化配分模式判断,矿区物源可能为下伏中上寒武统娄山关群白云岩. 相似文献
3.
火山岩风化过程中难熔元素的活动性研究——以广西凭祥英安岩风化剖面为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对广西凭祥叫弄英安岩风化剖面中6个难熔元素的活动性进行了研究。结果表明，Ti,Nb和Ta 3种元素在整个风化成土过程中基本上保持了它们的不活动性。Zr,Hf和Th在风化的初期阶段基本上保持不活动，而在风化中期表现出一定的富集，风化高级阶段则有明显的富集。Th的富集可能与风化壳表层（已剥蚀）淋溶出来的Th向下迁移过程中被氧化铁吸附和形成磷酸盐矿物有关，而Zr的富集则可能与淋溶出来的Zr与SiO2或磷酸盐结合形成某种硅酸盐矿物和磷酸盐矿物有关，具体富集原因还需作进一步的研究。 相似文献
4.
贵州福泉高洞铝土矿床成矿地质地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
贵州福泉高洞铝土矿床是近年在贵州新的铝土矿成矿区探明的中型矿床之一,其含矿岩系为下石炭统九架炉组,铝土矿呈层状、似层状产于上泥盆统高坡场组碳酸盐岩古侵蚀面之上,与上覆中二叠统梁山组和下伏上泥盆统高坡场组均呈假整合接触,矿床成因类型为古风化壳沉积型。通过对含矿岩系中敏感元素Ga、Ba、Sr、Th含量及B/Ga、Rb/K、V/Zr比值特征分析,认为铝土矿主要形成于陆相沉积环境;δCe、Ni/Co、Th/U、Sr/Cu、V/Cr特征揭示铝土矿成岩成矿过程主要为氧化环境。含矿岩系中Al与Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、U等呈正相关性反映出铝土矿成矿过程中具同迁移、显著富集特征;含矿岩系中微量元素含量与下伏高坡场组碳酸盐岩相比,总体成强烈富集态势。与黎彤值对比,含矿岩系中高温成矿元素(W、Sn、Mo、Bi)、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Th、U、Hf、Zr)、粘土矿物易吸附元素(Li、V)及细碎屑岩中高地球化学背景元素(Sb)富集强度高。LREE与HREE分馏作用明显,推测为次生风化淋滤过程中离子半径较小的HREE向下渗滤迁移的速率大于离子半径较大的LREE所致。 相似文献
5.
《铀矿地质》2020,(5)
二连盆地的卫镜岩体被认为是二连盆地努和廷铀矿床的重要铀源,文章对卫镜岩体在风化条件下元素的活动性进行了分析,结果表明:风化样品的化学风化指数CIA值介于58.67～60.07,反映寒冷、干燥气候条件下低等化学风化程度。在半风化过程中,斜长石最先风化分解,Ca、 Na流失,钾长石相对稳定;在地表强风化条件下,钾长石风化分解明显,且原生含磷矿物分解释放P而淋失;黏土矿物的吸附作用导致Mg、 Ca在地表强风化条件下富集;Fe_2O_3~T、 FeO含量降低明显,更可能与磁铁矿和黄铁矿的氧化淋滤有关。H、 LOI、 S和C在强风化样品中含量明显降低,暗示风化条件为干燥氧化气候条件,卫镜岩体花岗岩风化过程中Ca、 K、 Mg、 Fe、 C、 S等元素容易迁移,P、 Mn、Na次之,而Ti、 Al属于稳定元素。铁族元素Cr、 Ni、 Ti及REE等微量元素保持稳定,Nb、 Ta、 Zr、Hf、 Th、 Y等高场强元素以及部分大离子亲石元素Pb、 Rb、 Be、 Li、 Sb一定程度富集,U、 V、 Sr明显迁出,且Zr/Hf、 Nb/Ta、 Th/Sc、 Zr/Nb等元素比值均发生变化,主要受风化条件下原生矿物分解释放和黏土矿物吸附相互制约的过程共同控制;不同样品稀土配分模式一致,但Y/Ho值明显高于新鲜岩石的值,可能主要与地表HCO_3~-含量丰富有关。在干旱氧化、富集HCO_3~-的化学风化条件下更容易导致U的淋滤迁出,为二连盆地铀成矿提供重要铀源。 相似文献
6.
通过对秭归地区闪长岩岩体风化壳中微量元素的分布规律研究,将该风化剖面中的微量元素划分为3类。第一类包括Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U、Th、Mo、W,基本属于非活动性元素,在风化过程中得以有效保留,其中U、Cr、Cu等受氧化还原条件的影响,有时呈局部富集现象,规律性不明显。第二类以Ca、Rb、Cs、Sr、Ba、Pb、Ga、Gd、Tl为代表,随着风化作用的进行而逐步从风化壳中淋失,属活动性元素。第三类以稀土元素为代表,在风化壳内部发生局部的再分配,从剖面上层随风化溶液向下淋滤亏损,到剖面中下部沉淀富集,其中重稀土元素的淋失程度大于轻稀土元素。由于母岩中斜长石的风化淋滤,Eu在氧化环境下逐渐从正异常变为负异常。Ce在地表氧化条件下很容易生成四价氧化物（方铈石）,并在表层明显富集,剖面介质中氧化还原条件的变化导致Ce的波动变化。 相似文献
7.
黑色页岩风化过程中元素的活动性及参照系的选取初探--以湖南省麻田、桃花江剖面为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系统考察了湖南省麻田和桃花江两个不同发育程度的下寒武统黑色页岩风化剖面,并提出了元素在理想剖面中的分布模式(概念模型);通过对比分析这两个剖面中元素的分布特征与理想分布模式的关系,并结合元素相关性研究、等质量图解的判别分析、微量元素的赋存状态及地球化学性质的探讨,认为在黑色页岩风化过程中,Ti为不活动元素,可作为参照系来计算其它元素的相对迁移性,Nb、Ta的活动性较小,Zr与Hf之间存在着共迁移现象;研究表明化学风化程度是影响元素活动性的重要因素. 相似文献
8.
为厘清黔中地区下石炭统九架炉组铝质黏土岩系中锂的超常富集机制(Li2O平均含量0.21%,最高达0.74%),为寻找锂资源提供新的途径,对黔中地区4个典型剖面进行了富锂黏土岩的主量、微量及稀土元素在剖面上的分布规律研究。结果表明,下石炭统九架炉组与下伏寒武系娄山关群白云岩的不活动元素比值相同,且其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式相似,都以轻稀土富集的平缓右倾型为特征,暗示九架炉组的形成可能与下伏娄山关群白云岩的风化和酸不溶物的积累有关。元素相关性分析和风化作用强度指标研究发现,锂含量与CIA和Si/Al值皆呈负相关的关系。初步推测,泥质白云岩的风化分解,主量元素的大幅度流失,是造成锂超常富集的重要机制。 相似文献
9.
江西城门山铜矿含矿斑岩体风化作用地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章利用城门山铜矿露天采坑系统地研究了含矿斑岩体风化作用过程中常量元素和微量元素的地球化学行为.结果表明,含矿斑岩体具有2个明显的风化旋回,风化作用过程主要表现为铝硅酸盐矿物的水解、水化作用,斑岩体中Ca、Mg、Na、K等元素大量淋失,Ca、Mg、Na淋失量可达80%以上,而Si、Al、Ti、Fe残留在风化层中.城门山铜矿含矿斑岩体具低Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和低稀土元素含量(ΣREE=77.69×10-6～104×10-6),具有较稳定的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值,稀土元素配分模式为较缓的右倾模式,无明显的铕异常(δEu＞0.73),ΣCe/ΣY比值为3～8.这些特征可作为评价城门山铜矿含矿中酸性岩体主要的地球化学指标之一. 相似文献
10.
碳酸盐岩风化过程中高场强元素的地球化学行为研究——来自碳酸盐岩淋溶实验的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择黔中地区的一条白云岩原位风化剖面（平坝剖面）作为研究对象,通过对岩-土界面之下的岩粉层（砂状碳酸盐岩）动态淋溶过程中高场强元素（HFSE）地球化学行为的研究,并结合其在风化壳剖面的分布特征,获得了以下主要认识:（1）碳酸盐岩风化过程中,HFSE间存在明显的分馏,而且元素分馏主要出现在岩-土界面作用过程中,即碳酸盐岩溶蚀形成残积土阶段;元素的地球化学惰性由强到弱的顺序依次为Zr>Hf>Nb>Sc>Th>Ta>Ti>Y,其中,Zr是最稳定的元素,Hf仅次于Zr,Nb和Sc也相对较为惰性,而Th、Ta、Ti、Y呈现出明显的活性;（2）对于碳酸盐岩风化剖面的质量平衡计算,Zr是理想的参比元素（即惰性元素）;（3）由基岩酸不溶物至风化壳剖面,元素对Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf显示出较好的协变性,没有明显分馏,因此,在利用这类元素对岩溶区风化壳的物源进行示踪时,碳酸盐岩作为潜在母岩,宜采用其酸不溶物作为参比对象;（4）碳酸盐岩风化过程中,虽然Sc也是一个较为稳定的HFSE,但在风化母岩中分布不均匀,不宜用于岩溶区风化壳的物源示踪。 相似文献
11.
The distribution of major and trace elements was explored in the metamorphised weathering zones of the northern (Purpol Formation)
and western (Anai and Angin formations) Baikal region. The alumina-rich schists of the Purpol and Anai formations intercalated
with quartzites have a model age of 2.8–3.0 Ga and are redeposited products of the weathering of granitized basement inliers
of the Siberian craton. Their trace element characteristics with high contents of Th, U, Nb, and REE and low Ta and Sr reflect
the composition of predominant rocks in the Archean basement. Undisturbed weathering zones over the alkaline and calc-alkaline
island-arc basalts of the Angin Formation are, in general, similar to modern laterites and redeposited residues with respect
to the enrichment in hydrolyzate elements but are assigned to iron-rich laterites and distinguished by high contents of Fe,
Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf, which were inherited from their parent rocks. Their occurrence suggests subaerial eruptions of alkali
basalts in the proximal part of the Angin-Talanchan island arc. 相似文献
12.
The Guangou bauxite deposit in western Henan, China, is located in the North China Block and to the north of the North Qinling orogenic belt. The orebody is hosted within the lower member of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation, which overlies unconformably upon the Ordovician Majiagou Formation. In the lower member of the Benxi Formation, the bauxite orebody (with a diaspore–illite–anatase mineral assemblage) is sandwiched between underlying ferric clay (illite–hematite–goethite) and overlying top clay (kaolinite–quartz–goethite). According to field observations and geochemical evidence including trace- and rare-earth-element (REE) compositions, especially Zr/Hf ratios, the ferric clays were weathered from the underlying argillaceous limestones in the Majiagou Formation. During this weathering process, trace elements S, Zn, Ni, Cr, V, Sc, F, Ba, and Be are depleted; Li, Rb, and B are enriched; and Zr, Hf, Bi, Ta, Ga, Nb, and Th are relatively immobile. REEs exhibit evident differentiation with enrichment of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd and depletion of Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. The bauxite formed in weak reducing, slightly basic water conditions according to the geneses of coexisting diaspore and anatase, and it was altered during the epigenetic and second exposure periods, forming kaolinite and goethite, respectively. Interelemental relationship analyses of the ores suggest that the elemental behaviors of trace elements and REEs in the bauxitization process are mainly controlled by the mineral compositions in bauxite ore and chemical properties of the elements. For instance, zircon, rutile, and anatase contain Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, W, and U. Based on geochemical evidence, together with age data and chemical compositions of the detrital minerals, both distant igneous rocks in the plate margin and Paleozoic carbonates and Precambrian rocks inside North China Block provide the miscellaneous material for the bauxite ore and the top clay. 相似文献
13.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(3):403-417
In this study, the mobilization, redistribution, and fractionation of trace and rare earth elements (REE) during chemical weathering in mid-ridge (A), near mountaintop (B), and valley (C) profiles (weak, weak to moderate, and moderate to intense chemical weathering stage, respectively), are characterized. Among the trace elements, U and V were depleted in the regolith in all three profiles, Sr, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf displayed slight gains or losses, and Th, Rb, Cs, and Sc remained immobile. Mn, Ba, Zn, Cu, and Cr were enriched at the regolith in profiles A and B, but depleted in profile C. Mn, Pb, and Co were also depleted in the saprock and fractured shale zones in profiles A and B and enriched in profile C. REEs were enriched in the regolith and depleted at the saprock zone in profiles A and B and depleted along profile C. Mobility of trace and REEs increased with increasing weathering intensity. Normalized REE patterns based on the parent shale revealed light REE (LREE) enrichment, middle REE (MREE), and heavy REE (HREE) depletion patterns. LREEs were less mobile compared with MREEs and HREEs, and this differentiation increased with increasing weathering degree. Positive Ce anomalies were higher in profile C than in profiles A and B. The Ce fractionated from other REE showed that Ce changed from trivalent to tetravalent (as CeO2) under oxidizing conditions. Minimal REE fractionation was observed in the saprock zone in profiles A and B. In contrast, more intense weathering in profile C resulted in preferential retention of LREE (especially Ce), leading to considerable LREE/MREE and LREE/HREE fractionation. (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N ratios displayed maximum values in the saprock zone within low pH values. Findings demonstrate that acidic solutions can mobilize REEs and result in leaching of REEs out of the highly acidic portions of the saprock material and transport downward into fractured shale. The overall behavior of elements in the three profiles suggests that solution pH, as well as the presence of primary and secondary minerals, play important roles in the mobilization and redistribution of trace elements and REEs during black shale chemical weathering. 相似文献
14.
Xuefei Liu Qingfei Wang Jun Deng Qizuan Zhang Silei Sun Jianyin Meng 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010
The Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposit in western Guangxi is hosted within the Quaternary ferrallitic soil profile, and it formed via breaking up, weathering and oxidizing of Permian bauxite orebodies occurring as a semi-continuous layer in the upper Permian. Mineralogical analyses reveal that diaspore, hematite and kaolinite are the major minerals in bauxite ores with small amounts of anatase, chamosite, gibbsite, goethite, illite, zircon, quartz and pyrite. The ore texture and mineral assemblage reveal that the depositional/diagenetic environment of the Dajia bauxite was much close to phreatic environment. Both the ore texture and the morphology of zircon grains also indicate that most of the bauxitic soils were transported a short distance. Diaspore is suggested to be non-metamorphic in origin and mainly formed in a reducing condition of diagenetic environment, while kaolinite is the product of the in situ epigenetic replacement of alumina in diaspore by dissolved silica. Geochemical analyses indicate that Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 are the main components of the bauxite ores and trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U were enriched during the bauxitization process. Simultaneously, Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta show a high correlation. Geochemical indices such as Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Eu/Eu* (among others) denote that the magmatic rocks related to the Emeishan plume in western Guangxi and the carbonates in the underlying Maokou Formation provided the main sources of material for the bauxite ores. 相似文献
15.
16.
《Chemical Geology》2003,193(1-2):109-125
Ilmenite separates from the floor (LS), roof (UBS), and wall (MBS) sequences of the Skaergaard Intrusion were analyzed for major and trace elements using DCP-AES and ICP-MS techniques. In all three sequences, FeO progressively increases, and MgO and Al2O3 progressively decrease with differentiation. Although trace element abundances are, in general, higher in UBS ilmenite than in MBS and LS ilmenite, all three sequences have similar trends for trace element abundance vs. crystallization. Ba, Cs, Rb, Sr, Th, U, Y, and the REEs are excluded elements in ilmenite, and remained at low abundances during differentiation. Cr, Ni, Sc, and V are included elements in ilmenite and other mafic phases, and decreased during differentiation. V contents in ilmenite, however, do not decrease significantly until the upper part of the middle zone, suggesting that magnetite did not begin to affect the magma differentiation trend until much later than when it first appears in the intrusion. Hf, Nb, Ta, and Zr, which are strongly excluded elements in silicates, are included elements in ilmenite. The element ratios Zr/Hf, Y/Ho, Nb/Ta, and U/Th are relatively constant in Skaergaard ilmenite from different parts of the intrusion, suggesting that fluid transport did not significantly effect these elements during differentiation or post-solidification cooling. Calculated partition coefficients for ilmenite in the Skaergaard Intrusion are similar to those reported from previous studies of lunar and terrestrial basalts and kimberlites, and for most elements are significantly lower than those reported for ilmenite in rhyolitic magma. Similar Di's for Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta suggest that ilmenite crystallization did not significantly affect Zr/Nb or Hf/Ta in the Skaergaard magma, but the ratios of Zr, Hf, Nb, or Ta to other high field strength elements, such as Th, U, Y, or the REEs, may have been altered by ilmenite fractionation. 相似文献
17.
Heterogeneity of Parent Rocks and Its Constraints on Geochemical Criteria in Weathering Crusts of Carbonate Rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Shijie FENG Zhigang Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(5):1143-1153
Owing to the low contents of their acid-insoluble components, carbonate rocks tend to decrease sharply in volume in association with the formation of weathering crust. The formation of a 1 m-thick weathering crust would usually consume more than ten meters to several tens of meters of thickness of parent rocks. The knowledge of how to identify the homogeneity of parent rocks is essential to understand the formation mechanism of weathering crust in karst regions, especially that of thick-layered red weathering crust. In this work the grain-size analyses have demonstrated that the three profiles studied are the residual weathering crust of carbonate rocks and further showed that there objectively exists the heterogeneity of parent rocks in the three studied weathering crusts. The heterogeneity of parent rocks can also be reflected m geochemical parameters of major elements, just as the characteristics of frequency plot of grain-size distribution. Conservative trace element ratios Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta are proven 相似文献