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井地电阻率成像法利用井套管作电流源向井下供入大功率直流电流,在地表测量由地下介质的电性变化形成的电位分布,通过反演可得到地下介质的电阻率分布.针对大斜度井和水平井开展井地三维电阻率数值模拟和反演研究,对油田注水及压裂效果监测具有重要意义.基于井地电阻率成像法原理,采用有限差分法和不完全切勒斯基共轭梯度法进行了三维正演模拟,研究了大斜度井和水平井的井地电位响应特征.提出了采用层状约束阻尼最小二乘法由浅到深地进行大斜度井和水平井的多层联合反演,并对实际水平井井地电位各个层段数据进行了三维反演.模拟结果表明,倾斜线源和水平线源会对地面电位响应产生明显影响,在反演中需要考虑线源形态.实际水平井井地电位反演成像表明,考虑倾斜线源或者水平线源的联合反演得到了准确的水平井三维注水层成像图,得出注水层的真电阻率分布,能够判断注水运移方向. 相似文献
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从电偶源三维地电断面可控源电磁法的二次电场边值问题及其变分问题出发,采用任意六面体单元对研究区域进行剖分,并且在单元分析中同时对电导率及二次电场进行三线性插值,实现电导率分块连续变化情况下,基于二次场的可控源电磁三维有限元数值模拟.这个新的可控源电磁三维正演方法可以模拟实际勘探中地下任意形状及电性参数连续变化的复杂模型.理论模型的计算结果表明,均匀大地计算的视电阻率误差和相位误差分别为0.002%和0.0005°.分层连续变化模型的有限元计算结果表明,其与对应的分层均匀模型解析结果有明显差异.三维异常体组合模型以及倾斜异常体等复杂模型的有限元计算结果也有效地反映了异常形态. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2016,(3)
井地电位成像是通过套管向井中供电或将电源放在井中,在地表观测电位异常的一项技术,其供电源有线源和点源两种类型。为了研究这两种电源对地下异常体产生的电位异常特征,本文针对不同激励源,采用有限差分方法进行数值模拟研究,在线性方程组求解电位时引入不完全Cholesky共轭梯度(ICCG)迭代方法,分别实现了点源和线源井地电位成像技术的三维正演。最后,基于阻尼最小二乘法实现了井地电位成像技术的电阻率三维反演。设计不同地电模型分别进行正演和反演试算,正演结果表明,供电电源的类型不同,异常体在地表的电位异常特征也不同;反演结果表明,低阻体的反演结果要好于高阻体,点源置于异常体下方时反演的电阻率对异常体边界的识别比线源更加准确。 相似文献
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基于非结构网格有限元方法开展了三维复杂地电模型的线源井地电法的高效正演模拟研究,探讨了通过求取电场响应导数来刻画目标体边界范围、采用差异场地形校正技术来消除地形影响等措施对井地电法成像的效果和精度的影响。并通过对比与解析解,验证了本文数值解算法的有效性。模型计算结果表明：积水巷道的空间位置和走向均会引起视电阻率的显著变化,视电阻率变化率的极值准确且清晰地指示了巷道边界的位置;电位的归一化总水平导数极大地提高了井地电法对目标体复杂边界位置的识别能力;地形对井地电场分布的影响也很大,其视电阻率响应与地形形状近似呈对称关系,利用差异场技术能有效地削弱地形对井地电法高精度成像的影响。 相似文献
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时间域电磁测深方法中,重叠回线、中心回线和大定源等回线源装置,因其非接地、近场源观测、小装置等优势被广泛应用.但野外观测中,回线布设时由于野外地形条件的限制,往往不能布置成规则形状,回线源的形状对其时间域电磁响应的影响就自然成为一个非常重要因素.作者在文中通过对圆形源、正方形源和正三角形源等回线源的中心点的时间域电磁响应分别按等周长和等面积计算分析,发现任意形状回线源中心点的时间域电磁响应与回线源的形状无关,而是与回线源所包围的面积成正比.并由此推断,任意形状回线源中心点时间域电磁响应观测数据的处理,可以采取等面积圆形回线源的等效处理与解释. 相似文献
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在地质情况复杂化以及地质勘探精细化的要求下,有必要开展张量CSAMT正反演研究.考虑到各向异性对正反演结果影响较大,本文开展基于主轴各向异性介质的张量CSAMT正演研究.根据含源的电场控制方程,引入主轴各向异性介质的张量电阻率,将电场总场分解为一次场和二次场,一次场由Key的算法得到,二次场利用有限差分法计算,即实现了主轴各向异性介质的张量CSAMT三维正演.通过与二维有限元算法结果比较来验证算法的正确性;通过设计几组主轴各向异性三维模型,分析卡尼亚电阻率和相位的响应特征.结果表明卡尼亚电阻率ρxy和ρyx分别对异常体X方向和Y方向的电阻率变化敏感,说明张量CSAMT方法对识别各向异性具有优势.本研究为开展任意各向异性介质的张量CSAMT正反演研究提供基础. 相似文献
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由于海底介质受沉积环境的影响,层理发育呈现明显各向异性特征.对于海洋可控源电磁法各向异性的研究以往主要局限于一维和二维模型,为更深入了解复杂情况下海底各向异性对海洋可控源电磁响应的影响规律,本文开展三维任意各向异性介质中海洋可控源电磁法正演研究.采用交错网格有限差分技术,通过对任意各向异性介质电导率张量实行体积和空间电流密度平均,完成海洋可控源电磁二次散射电场的离散化,成功实现任意各向异性介质中海洋可控源电磁正演模拟.通过对几种典型各向异性电性模型条件下海洋电磁电场多分量响应及分布特征和各向同性情况的对比分析,总结电各向异性对海洋电磁响应的影响规律和识别方法.本文算法研究及算例可为海洋可控源电磁数据精细化处理解释提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(3)
本文利用偶极子合成回线方式计算了回线源一维瞬变电磁场.首先推导了水平电偶极子和垂直磁偶极子合成方回线源瞬变电磁场的计算公式,并对部分计算过程做了改进.然后将这两种算法在方回线中心点计算结果分别与面积相同的圆回线中心点解作对比,并分析了积分方式和回线框大小对计算精度的影响,得到下述三点认识:(1)在早期道,偶极子合成回线正演相对误差较大,但随着测量时间道的增加,相对误差减小;(2)对于电偶极子合成方回线的正演,一般采用高斯-勒让德5点求积便可达到最高精度,对于磁偶极子合成方回线正演,一般回线框越大,便需要更精细的积分才能达到最高精度;(3)偶极子合成方回线中心点正演在早期存在较大的误差并非由计算方法导致,而是等效面积相等的方回线和圆回线激发的二次磁场本身存在差异所致.最后利用偶极子合成回线正演方式可以较准确的计算回线框内外任意一点的瞬变电磁场,将为回线源瞬变电磁全区勘探和一维反演提供理论指导. 相似文献
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高精度、快速有效的正演模拟算法是三维电磁正反演的前提.为了提高海洋电磁三维数值模拟的精度和效率,本文提出利用基于Gauss-Lobatto-Chebyshev（GLC）基函数的谱元法进行海洋可控源三维电磁正演模拟.谱元法结合有限元法和谱方法的优点.我们通过应用伽辽金加权残差法离散二次电场矢量亥姆赫兹方程,在单元内选择混合阶GLC多项式的张量积作为高阶矢量插值基函数,在求解大型稀疏线性方程组时利用直接求解器进行快速求解,从而实现了三维海洋可控源电磁快速高精度正演模拟.一维和三维模型正演结果验证了本文算法的有效性和准确性.典型模型的数值结果表明谱元法是一种有效的三维海洋可控源电磁正演数值方法,能在稀疏网格剖分情况下获得精确的海洋电磁正演模拟响应. 相似文献
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垂直线电流源的三维电阻率成像 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在油井注水和深井注浆的电法监测中,地表布设平面的电位测量网,而将钻井的钢套管作为线电流源来供电,据此可确定流体的运动方向和分布特征.数据处理中需解决垂直线电流源的三维电阻率反演.本文叙述了相应的反演理论和偏导数计算方法.在某油田的试验中,以生产井为电极圈的中心,每圈均匀布设18个电极,共6圈,在地表得到了108个电位数据,获得500～2 000m之间5个不同深度层的真电阻率分布图像,并对深度层为1 500～1 600m的图像进行了初步解释.结果表明,该方法可以对井下某深度层中的流体运动和分布可进行有效的监测. 相似文献
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Dennis E. Williams 《Ground water》2013,51(5):745-751
Recent developments in subsurface intake systems for ocean desalination plants are considering use of angled wells (slant wells) completed in permeable materials beneath the ocean floor. Conventional drawdown equations for vertical or horizontal wells are inadequate to properly describe the drawdown distribution in the vicinity of slant wells. Using the principle of superposition combined with standard well hydraulics, universal drawdown equations (UDE) are presented which calculate the drawdown distribution in the vicinity of production wells with inclination angles ranging from 0° (horizontal wells) to 90° (vertical wells). The method is computationally simple and other than the normal assumptions for standard well equations, it only requires that the calculated drawdown represent the drawdown which would be measured in a fully penetrating observation well. Solutions using the UDE are developed for confined, unconfined and semi‐confined (leaky) aquifers and compared with analytical equations for vertical and horizontal wells, and with a numerical model for slant wells. The UDE is also applied to pumping test data from the Dana Point slant well project in Southern California. 相似文献
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Rob Staples Paul Hague Toon Weisenborn Peter Ashton Barbara Michalek 《Geophysical Prospecting》2005,53(2):243-251
In the central North Sea ‘Gannet‐A’ field, a 50 ft oil rim is overlain by a gas cap of variable thickness. Oil is produced from horizontal wells which initially produced dry oil, but as the field became more mature, a significant water cut was seen in several wells. A dedicated 4D seismic monitor survey was acquired in order to assess the remaining distribution of oil reserves. By forward modelling the synthetic seismic response to parameters such as contact movement and residual saturations (using 2D and 3D wedge models), and comparing the results with real seismic data, we are able to decipher the contact movements across the field. It is shown that, in one part of the field, the increased water cut is caused primarily by the vertical displacement of the entire oil rim into the initial gas cap. This oil‐rim displacement produces a very different 4D seismic response from the case of a static gas–oil contact and rising oil–water contact (normal production). As a result of these observations, we are able to optimize field production by both re‐perforation of existing wells and by drilling sidetracks into the displaced rim: a brown‐field development opportunity that might otherwise be missed. 相似文献
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The forward and inversion methods of resistivity tomography with a vertical line current source (RTVLCS) were introduced in this paper. The technique was applied to the evaluation of residual oil saturation of the reservoir studied in an old oil region. The observed water saturation during the course of the measurement of RTVLCS and subsequent drilling records proved the reliability of our result. However, our model has not included the influence of all factors such as electrical contact resistance between the metal casing and surrounding rocks and of the size of the metal cased well taken as a vertical line current source (VLCS). In addition, RTVLCS was carried out after the well had been in use for many years, while the initial resistivity values used in the inversion were obtained from the resistivity curve logged upon the completion of the well. Therefore, the residual oil saturation obtained by RTVLCS is relative and has not complete consistency with real situations, and can only be used as reference for adjusting a plan for oil production in the mid- or post-phase of an oilfield. 相似文献
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3D Modeling and Born approximation inversion for the borehole surface electromagnetic method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present a 3D approach to numerical modeling of the borehole-surface electromagnetic （BSEM） method. The 3D electromagnetic response created by a vertical line current source in a layered medium is modeled using the 3D integral equation method. The modeling results are consistent with analytical solutions. 3D Born approximation inversion of BSEM data is also conducted for reservoir delineation. The inversion method is verified by a synthetic reservoir model. 相似文献
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Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration 
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下载免费PDF全文 To advance and optimize secondary and tertiary oil recovery techniques, it is essential to know the areal propagation and distribution of the injected fluids in the subsurface. We investigate the applicability of controlled‐source electromagnetic methods to monitor fluid movements in a German oilfield (Bockstedt, onshore Northwest Germany) as injected brines (highly saline formation water) have much lower electrical resistivity than the oil within the reservoir. The main focus of this study is on controlled‐source electromagnetic simulations to test the sensitivity of various source–receiver configurations. The background model for the simulations is based on two‐dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data gathered across the oil field and calibrated with resistivity logs. Three‐dimensional modelling results suggest that controlled‐source electromagnetic methods are sensitive to resistivity changes at reservoir depths, but the effect is difficult to resolve with surface measurements only. Resolution increases significantly if sensors or transmitters can be placed in observation wells closer to the reservoir. In particular, observation of the vertical electric field component in shallow boreholes and/or use of source configurations consisting of combinations of vertical and horizontal dipoles are promising. Preliminary results from a borehole‐to‐surface controlled‐source electromagnetic field survey carried out in spring 2014 are in good agreement with the modelling studies. 相似文献