共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
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地表的分形测量及其大地构造学意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以湖北红安地区为例,采用投影覆盖法(projectivecoveringmethod)对地表进行了二维分形测量,结果表明,地表面积具有双分形(bifractal)关系,即具有小尺度的结构分形(texturalfractal)和大尺度的构造分形(structuralfractal),分叉点(breakpoint)的尺度为3610m,分维值都在2～3之间且结构分维值大于其构造分维值。可见,地表形态具有分形性质,分维值可以指示地表形态的复杂程度。构造分维值可作为构造活动强度的一个指标,可为大地构造单元的划分提供定量依据。复杂地表形态主要是由构造活动(内营力作用)和各种复杂表生地质作用(外营力作用)引起的,前者主要控制大尺度的地形起伏,后者则塑造小尺度的地表形态。地表分维值可以指示地表的发育成熟度,该地区小尺度的结构分维值大于大尺度的构造分维值表明其处于地表形态的发育晚期。此外,地表的分形尺度可以来用确定构造活动尺度,从而指导构造地质与找矿勘探研究。 相似文献
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利用标准偏差法和固定质量法，研究了新疆天山地区3种不同构造地貌单元地形剖线的自仿射分形和多重分形特征。结果表明，在所研究的标度范围内，不同构造地貌单元剖线分维值总体上呈现出高山区大于中低山区大于盆地区特点，同一个地貌研究区不同方向的剖线呈现不同程度的各向异性。多重分形谱Dq的形态和值域范围也呈现出不同特征。研究认为，地貌表面形态并不是完全随机的，而是一种各向异性的分形布朗运动，分维值表征了内外营力作用的方向和强度，渡越长度是自仿射分形研究中的另一个重要参量。利用上述分形特征可定量研究地貌的发展阶段和地貌动力学。 相似文献
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新疆东准噶尔地区断裂的多重分形研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
结合东准噶尔地区强应变构造带的空间展布情况和断裂的空间分布特征 ,用多重分形模型测算了各带的多重分维值。研究结果表明 :强应变构造带在不同尺度上具有自相似性 ;断裂的空间分布为多重分形结构 ,断裂的演化有从复杂几何结构的次级断裂组合向单一连续的大断裂过渡而分维值逐渐减小的趋势 ;不同的大地构造单元有不同的分维值 ,而且有靠近板块缝合带 (或海沟 )分维值减小、远离板块缝合带 (或海沟 )分维值增大的趋势 相似文献
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以九嶷山地区ETM+遥感影像数据为信息源,通过信息提取与解译快速获取该区断裂构造。运用分形理论的盒维数法对断裂构造体系进行分形研究,结果表明,区内断裂构造在0.05～2.75km尺度范围内具有良好的自相似性和分形特征,总体分维值D=1.1155、R2=0.9964,分维值接近中国大地构造单元稳定区分维值;不同走向断裂分维值D在0.9184～1.0441间、R2介于0.9983～0.9996间,各分维值D不仅定量描述了各走向断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度,而且还反映了断裂的成矿作用:NE向断裂分维值最大,D值在1.0441附近时主要表现为导矿构造;SN向断裂分维值次之,D在0.9870附近时主要表现为控矿构造;NW向断裂分维值偏小,D在0.9502附近时主要表现为含矿构造。 相似文献
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湘西金矿含矿石英脉厚度变化的分形和混沌分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文对湘西金矿主要矿脉的厚度变化进行了分形分析。各矿脉的厚度变化均具有分形结构特征,其中V1脉的分维值最小,V4脉的分维值最大;并且同一条矿脉在不同中段的分维值也有较大变化。通过对矿脉厚度变化的相空间重构,表明各矿脉厚度空间变化序列均为混沌演化序列,在相空间维数达到6～7时出现混沌吸引子,混沌吸引子的分维值为1.2～6.0。矿脉厚度变化的分维值越小,矿脉的平均厚度越大,其构造和流体活动也越强烈。构造变形、流体活动、矿物沉淀与岩石渗透率之间的非线性耦合作用以及矿脉通过连通而生长是导致矿脉厚度分形分布与混沌演化的主要动力学机理。 相似文献
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以九嶷山地区ETM+遥感影像数据为信息源,通过信息提取与解译快速获取该区断裂构造.运用分形理论的盒维数法对断裂构造体系进行分形研究,结果表明,区内断裂构造在0.05～2.75km尺度范围内具有良好的自相似性和分形特征,总体分维值D=1.1155、R2=0.9964,分维值接近中国大地构造单元稳定区分维值;不同走向断裂分维值D在0.9184～1.0441间、R2介于0.9983 ～0.9996间,各分维值D不仅定量描述了各走向断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度,而且还反映了断裂的成矿作用:NE向断裂分维值最大,D值在1.0441附近时主要表现为导矿构造;SN向断裂分维值次之,D在0.9870附近时主要表现为控矿构造;NW向断裂分维值偏小,D在0.9502附近时主要表现为含矿构造. 相似文献
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Fractal characteristics of resource quantity of cobalt crusts and seamount topography, the West Pacific 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhang Weiyan Zhang Fuyuan Yang Kehong Hu Guangdao Yang Shengxiong Cheng Yongshou Zhao Guojun 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(2):233-240
This paper presents the fractal distribution of topography of seamounts from the West Pacific and the resource quantity of
cobalt crust therein. The cobalt resource quantity has three to four variable fractal dimensions, corresponding to the distinct
slopes and water depths of the seamount. The multiple fractal property of resource quantity may have resulted from various
factors, such as types and components of cobalt crusts and ages of oceanic crusts hosting the seamounts. Individual seamounts
display complex topography and quantity of cobalt crust, both in the same and different regions.
Translated from Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2006, 24(5): 705–713 [译自: 沉积学报] 相似文献
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通过大洋一号船DY105--12 /14 航次采集的结壳样品,对中太平洋CL、CM2、CM3、CX、CQ、 CA、CB 海山结壳的主要成壳元素Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu 的含量进行了测试统计,并与邻区的麦哲伦海山、马绍尔群岛、夏威夷群岛和莱恩群岛进行了对比,中太平洋各海山以及不同区域海山结壳的主成分之间存在一些差异,这主要与各海山结壳的物质来源、成壳环境和成壳时代的差异有关。不同形态类型的结壳主成分具有一定的差别,其主要原因可能是生长机制和形成环境不同造成的。 相似文献
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中、西太平洋海山区是富钴结壳的重要富集区,钙质远洋沉积、碳酸盐岩沉积及重力作用引起的滑塌沉积是海山山顶和斜坡的主要沉积类型,它们的空间分布规律对于富钴结壳的分布至关重要.在国内首次利用EM122多波束回波强度资料对中太平洋潜鱼海山进行了底质类型研究,对回波强度资料进行处理和统计分类,并与浅地层剖面和地质取样结果对比,分析得出了4种底质类型,即富钴结壳、钙质远洋沉积、碳酸盐岩基底及碎屑流沉积.这几种底质类型具有不同的回波强度特征,其中富钴结壳区表现为均一的回波强度高值特征;钙质远洋沉积区表现为均一的回波强度低值特征,二者回波强度值相差约20 dB.结果显示潜鱼海山山顶仅局部发育钙质远洋沉积,大部分为碳酸盐岩基底出露区,山顶边缘及侧翼山脊处为主要的富钴结壳分布区.此外,该海山存在3处较大规模的重力滑塌沉积区,主要为碎屑流沉积. 相似文献
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George W. Boehlert 《GeoJournal》1988,16(1):45-52
Ocean currents impinging on topographic obstacles such as seamounts create a high level of variability in mesoscale physical
oceanography. In the N Pacific, for example, the structure of the Kuroshio and its extension differ significantly E and W
of the Emperor Seamount chain, and eddy fields detected downstream may be attributed to seamount effects. Nearfield effects
of seamounts have been theoretically predicted for several decades but only recently has theory been confirmed by observation.
Taylor columns, quasi-stationary eddies over seamounts, alter flow patterns and thus have impacts on both benthos on seamounts
and on the biota in water overlying the seamount.
SE Hancock Seamount, located at the N end of the Hawaiian Ridge (29°47′N; 179°04′E), has a summit depth of 265 m. This seamount
is located near the subtropical front and is at the southerly extent of productive seamounts where trawl fisheries have existed
in the past. The pelagic ecosystem in the upper 200 m over the seamount clearly differs from waters at control stations at
distances of 10's of kilometers away as shown by plankton and midwater trawl hauls and hydroacoustic transects conducted during
1984 and 1985. Over the seamount, hydroacoustic transects show a significantly higher biomass of scatterers as compared to
control stations. Sampling these scattering layers with small midwater trawls demonstrates high densities of a resident micronekton
fauna dominated by the sternoptychid fish “Maurolicus muelleri” and the mysid “Gnathophausia longispina”; these taxa were
virtually absent from the control stations, were oceanic micronekton, particularly larger forms, were generally in higher
abundance than at the seamount stations. Similarly, ichthyoplankton abundance differs above the seamount and at reference
stations. In summer sampling, larval fishes were less abundant over the seamount whereas in winter the abundance was greater
there. The differences in distribution and abundance of both micronekton and ichthyoplankton are significant and consistently
observed, suggesting that physical or biological processes at the seamount have important effects on the pelagic ecosystem.
Hypotheses concerning current — topography interactions, exclusion of vertical migrators, and predation by resident micronekton
and fishes can be used to explain the observed effects.
Seamounts and other areas of complex topography are frequently sites of highly productive ecosystems; the S Emperor and N
Hawaiian Ridge seamounts provide a good example, with a catch of approximately one million tons of boarfish in ten years.
The interaction of ocean currents and complex topography may play an important role in this high productivity, as demonstrated
in the high biomass of lower trophic levels in the seamount ecosystem. Interannual variability in the latitudinal position
of the subtropical front and the strength of current flow over these seamounts may result in significant differences in mesoscale
physical oceanography and therefore in the productivity of these ecosystems. 相似文献
15.
Jianghong Deng Lipeng Zhang He Liu Haiyang Liu Renqiang Liao Abdul Shakoor Mastoi Xiaoyong Yang Weidong Sun 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(3):101117
Seamounts on the drifting oceanic crust are inevitably carried by plate motions and eventually accreted or subducted. However, the geochemical signatures of the subducted seamounts and the significance of seamount subduction are not well constrained. Hundreds of seamounts have subducted beneath the Philippine Sea Plate following the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate since the Eocene (~52 Ma). The subducted oceanic crust and seamount materials can be exhumed from the mantle depth to the seafloor in the Mariana forearc region by serpentinite mud volcanoes, providing exceptional opportunities to directly study the subducted oceanic crust and seamounts. The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 366 has recovered a few metamorphosed mafic clasts exhumed from the Mariana forearc serpentinite mud volcanoes, e.g., the Fantangisña and Asùt Tesoru seamounts. These mafic clasts have tholeiitic to alkaline affinities with distinct trace elements and Nd-Hf isotopes characteristics, suggesting different provenances and mantle sources. The tholeiites from the Fantangisña Seamount have trace element characteristics typical of mid-ocean ridge basalt. The Pacific-type Hf-Nd isotopic compositions, combined with the greenschist metamorphism of these tholeiites further suggest that they came from the subducted Pacific oceanic crust. The alkali basalts-dolerites from the Fantangisña and Asùt Tesoru seamounts show ocean island basalt (OIB)-like geochemical characteristics. The OIB-like geochemical signatures and the low-grade metamorphism of these alkali basalts-dolerites suggest they came from subducted seamounts that originally formed in an intraplate setting on the Pacific Plate. The Pacific Plate origin of these metabasites suggests they were formed in the Early Cretaceous or earlier.Two types of OIBs have been recognized from alkali metabasites, one of which is geochemically similar to the HIMU-EMI-type OIBs from the West Pacific Seamount Province, and another is similar to the EMII-type OIBs from the Samoa Island in southern Pacific, with negative Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies and enriched Nd-Hf isotopes. Generally, these alkali metabasites are sourced from the heterogeneous mantle sources that are similar to the present South Pacific Isotopic and Thermal Anomaly. This study provides direct evidence for seamount subduction in the Mariana convergent margins. We suggest seamount subduction is significant to element cycling, mantle heterogeneity, and mantle oxidation in subduction zones. 相似文献
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N.Christian Smoot 《Tectonophysics》1985,115(3-4)
Geomorphic and age data are presented for the Dellwood, Denson, Dickins, Giacomini, and Ely seamounts, the Tsimshian Seachannel, and the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge with Brown Bear, Bear Cub, Grizzly Bear, and Cobb seamounts. Formational speculations extrapolated to a regional scale allow the strikes and outer limits of the seamount chains to be interpreted. Six of these chains are shown in the Gulf of Alaska, none of which conform to the Pratt-Welker or Kodiak-Bowie in the literature. Different strikes show the chains/plate to have rotated 23° about 17 m.y. ago. Morphology also shows that there are four less guyots in the Gulf than previously thought, and that, at least in the Gulf of Alaska, guyot heights do not necessarily reflect sealevel during erosion. 相似文献
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钴结壳矿区圈定和资源评价的参数指标 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大洋海山钴结壳集海洋资源和环境双重信息, 各国对它的调查研究方兴未艾.钴结壳资源勘查的最终目的是圈定钴结壳矿区和开发钴结壳资源.迄今为止, 国内外尚未就钴结壳矿区圈定和资源评价给出具体的参数指标, 基于我国近十年对西太平洋26座海山钴结壳资源调查, 结合太平洋环境资料, 在深入分析钴结壳厚度、丰度、品位、覆盖率、资源量、面积, 海山坡度和水深资料的基础上, 对13座重点海山进行了钴结壳矿区圈定、资源评价和钴结壳分布规律的系统研究, 进而提出圈定钴结壳矿区的八项重要参数指标: 钴结壳矿区的结壳厚度为≥3cm或≥4cm, 取决于海山具体地理位置; 水深为≤2500m或≤3000m;Co含量为≥0.50%或≥0.60%;丰度为≥60kg/m2或≥70kg/m2; 坡度为≤15°; 结壳覆盖率为≥30%;钴结壳矿区的申请面积为17000~20000km2, 矿区最终保留面积为5000~6000km2.钴结壳矿区8项参数指标的提出, 将有力地促进大洋钴结壳矿区圈定、资源量计算和资源评价工作, 为我国积极参与联合国海底管理局制定钴结壳资源开发利用规章制度提供量化参考指标. 相似文献
18.
四川地区断层空间分布的多重分形特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
断层系统多重分形避免了容量维Ｄ０的不足，考虑了每一条断层对整体分维的贡献，反映了断层的空间分布特征。根据四川地区断层分布图，运用多重分形理论检验了断层空间分布的自相似性，分区计算了四川地区各带的多重分维值。结果表明，断层破裂系统为分形结构，具有很好的自相似性，相关系数均达０．９９。不同带分维值的较大差异，反映不同构造区域的断层分布特点。最后，对分维的含义进行了深入探讨，对油气勘探的有利区域进行了分析。 相似文献