共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We focus on Swiss earthquakes in antiquity and the early medieval period before A.D. 1000. We have information on less than
half a dozen earthquakes within this era, since written records for the first half of the first millennium A.D. are minimal,
and there is little hope of finding more written evidence for earthquakes. Furthermore, interpreting the documents at hand
is somewhat complex. For the 6th century Gregory of Tours in Historia Francorum gives hints of a rockslide near the castle Tauredunum (Le Grammont) in the Swiss canton Valais, an event that has been considered in the literature as caused by an earthquake. The Carolingian period (ca. 750–950) included the rise of some very important cultural centers in various parts of today’s Switzerland. For
instance, the ecclesiastical culture in St. Gallen generated a remarkable number of written records, which survived for our
use in a unique manner. From the 9th and 10th centuries, we have evidence for earthquakes in the years 849, 867, 902, and
944. However, information on them remains so scarce that their location and intensity are generally difficult to assess. Nevertheless,
the finding of a new document - a memoir written by the abbot of Reichenau - offers some insight into the A.D. 849 event and
its reportedly aftershocks.
相似文献
| Monika GislerEmail: |
2.
Predicting environmental conditions to minimise salt damage at the Tower of London: a comparison of two approaches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Clifford A. Price 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):369-374
The paper compares the results of two studies of salt damage at the Wakefield Tower, Tower of London. The first, in 1993,
was based on semi-quantitative salt analysis and hygroscopicity measurements. The second was based on quantitative analysis
and a thermodynamic model, ECOS. Both studies aimed to predict environmental conditions that would minimise salt damage to
the interior stonework. Their predictions are markedly different, and this paper examines the reasons for the differences.
It is shown that hygroscopicity alone is not a reliable indicator of crystallisation from mixed salt solutions.
相似文献
| Clifford A. PriceEmail: |
3.
Post-Bam earthquake: recovery and reconstruction 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
This paper gives a brief explanation of the earthquake in Bam. It also reports on the rescue and relief operations, including
the construction of emergency shelters and temporary housing, and on the country’s plan for the reconstruction of the city,
which includes debris removal, the rebuilding of rural and urban residential and commercial units, the reconstruction of state
and public buildings and public facilities such as schools, rural and urban water aqueducts and grids, the construction of
a sewage system, power network and telecommunication system, the provision of water to orchards and farmlands, the renovation
of industries and the revival of the cultural heritage, particularly the historical Bam citadel, among others. We also report
briefly on the effect of the Bam earthquake on the Iran Earthquake Risk Reduction Strategy and actions.
相似文献
| Mohsen Ghafory-AshtianyEmail: |
4.
Spatial and temporal knowledge representation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Antony Galton 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(3):169-187
Knowledge Representation (KR) originated as a discipline within Artificial Intelligence, and is concerned with the representation
of knowledge in symbolic form so that it can be stored and manipulated on a computer. This article surveys that part of KR
that is concerned with the representation of space and time, with particular reference to the use of such representations
in geographical information science.
相似文献
| Antony GaltonEmail: |
5.
Space Physics Interactive Data Resource—SPIDR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mikhail Zhizhin Eric Kihn Rob Redmon Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Mishin 《Earth Science Informatics》2008,1(2):79-91
SPIDR (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource) is a standard data source for solar-terrestrial physics, functioning within
the framework of the ICSU World Data Centers. It is a distributed database and application server network, built to select,
visualize and model historical space weather data distributed across the Internet. SPIDR can work as a fully-functional web-application
(portal) or as a grid of web-services, providing functions for other applications to access its data holdings.
相似文献
| Mikhail ZhizhinEmail: |
6.
This paper presents an examination of the timescale of phase transition behaviour of a series of salts known to cause damage
to wall paintings and other cultural property. The rate of deliquescence and crystallisation of single salts (nitromagnesite
and halite) under different RH regimes, and the extent to which this was affected when mixed with other salts (niter, nitratite
and gypsum), was investigated. The study was conducted using simple conventional techniques (mass measurements over time)
and also using an innovative new method: timelapse video imaging with online data annotation. The results demonstrate the
synergy gained from combining video imaging with environmental data in reference to time in the study of salt phase changes:
where it revealed new information concerning the kinetics of deliquescence and crystallisation. The implications of these
results for the implementation of environmental control measures within historic buildings are discussed.
相似文献
| Alison SawdyEmail: |
7.
This article examines the spatial dependence among housing losses due to tornadoes using data from the May 1999 Oklahoma City
tornado. In order to examine the existence of spatial dependence and its impacts on the damage analysis, we compare an estimation
based on a traditional ordinary least square model with the general spatial model. The results show that housing damage in
this disaster area is highly correlated. Monetary losses not only depend on the tornado that struck residences, but are related
to the damage magnitudes of neighboring houses. Average losses as well as the loss ratio increase with the Fujita Scale damage
rating. We conclude that the general spatial model provides unbiased estimates compared to the ordinary least square model.
In order to construct appropriate home insurance policies for tornado disasters or to improve the damage resistance capabilities
of houses, it is necessary for insurance underwriters and builders to consider spatial correlation of tornado damage.
相似文献
| Yongsheng Wang (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
With the global container population exceeding 25 million TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) and the annual production of new
boxes exceeding 3 million TEU it is estimated that around 1.5 million TEU of empty containers are sitting in yards and depots
around the world waiting for use. Although utilization rates have improved since 2004, container utilization depends on the
very dynamic nature of container transportation, and the container building and leasing industries. Owing primarily to the
chronic trend of increasing trade imbalances across the oceans, and despite recent trends along some trade routes, the empty
container management problem has become a major issue for the container shipping industry during the last decade. This paper
examines and analyzes empty container logistics at a global, interregional, regional and local level. Special consideration
is given to key factors affecting the empty container logistics management and strategies implemented by ocean carriers and
other stakeholders to better manage empty containers.
相似文献
| Maria BoileEmail: |
9.
Dorian Speakman 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(1):111-127
A vulnerability index for the Fire Service in the UK has been designed to identify vulnerable locations during episodes of
severe floods. Taking recent case studies with the UK Fire Service, the patterns of vulnerability, in terms of demand on time
and resources, can be explained by investigating the environmental causes and their interaction with the adaptive capacity
of the response agencies.
相似文献
| Dorian SpeakmanEmail: |
10.
This paper describes an application of the geographic information system (GIS) technology to a ground stability assessment
in the karst area of Dzerzhinsk, Russia. In the stability analysis, the groundwater level changes in the karst aquifer could
cause suffosion sinkholes when the gravitational force was greater than the soil strength. The GIS technology was used to
combine various data and to delineate the zones of potential gravitational collapse and suffosion collapse in the area.
相似文献
| V. V. TolmachevEmail: |
11.
Giorgio Hadi Curti 《GeoJournal》2009,74(3):201-208
Ostensibly, subtitles in films serve as linguistic approximations of meaning. Expectedly then, much of the debate surrounding
subtitling has been concerned with representational accuracy, fidelity and authenticity. In this article I argue that by encountering
subtitles as affective bodily expressions, as opposed to approximate representations of pre-existent meanings or intentions,
filmic experiences may be(come) transformed and differently transformational. As a result, meaning and accuracy in subtitles
as superimposed signifiers or static representations become secondary to subtitles as spatially affective- and expressive-movements
intimately part of filmic scapes. The creative use of subtitling in Bekmambetov’s Russian language film Night Watch (Nochnoy dozor; 2006 [2004]) is discussed.
相似文献
| Giorgio Hadi CurtiEmail: |
12.
Unidata’s Common Data Model mapping to the ISO 19123 Data Model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Access to real-time distributed Earth and Space Science (ESS) information is essential for enabling critical Decision Support
Systems (DSS). Thus, data model interoperability between the ESS and DSS communities is a decisive achievement for enabling
cyber-infrastructure which aims to serve important societal benefit areas. The ESS community is characterized by a certain
heterogeneity, as far as data models are concerned. Recent spatial data infrastructures implement international standards
for the data model in order to achieve interoperability and extensibility. This paper presents well-accepted ESS data models,
introducing a unified data model called the Common Data Model (CDM). CDM mapping into the corresponding elements of the international
standard coverage data model of ISO 19123 is presented and discussed at the abstract level. The mapping of CDM scientific
data types to the ISO coverage model is a first step toward interoperability of data systems. This mapping will provide the
abstract framework that can be used to unify subsequent efforts to define appropriate conventions along with explicit agreed-upon
encoding forms for each data type. As a valuable case in point, the content mapping rules for CDM grid data are discussed
addressing a significant example.
相似文献
| Lorenzo BigagliEmail: URL: www.imaa.cnr.it |
13.
Melt inclusion formation mechanisms and compositional effects in high-An feldspar and high-Fo olivine in anhydrous mafic silicate liquids 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Important aspects of melt inclusion formation and potential compositions effects have been addressed through a series of experiments using anorthite/fosterite saturated anhydrous mafic liquids. Experimental charges were cooled from 1,300 to 1,230 and 1,210°C at rates of 1–10°/min followed by 0–24 h isothermal periods. Hopper and skeletal crystal morphologies with variable degrees of completeness developed during the cooling period. Planar overgrowth of these textures during isothermal periods led to the formation of inclusions, the majority of which formed after 6 h of isothermal run time. We suggest that the change in morphologies is related to a decrease in growth rates and changes in dominant growth mechanisms. In general, inclusion compositions were uniform and similar to the host glass, indicating that with the isothermal times required for most inclusions to form, a boundary layer was not entrapped that could be detected within the limits of our analyses.
相似文献
| Edward KohutEmail: Phone: +1-541-7373023Fax: +1-541-7371200 |
| Roger L. NielsenEmail: Phone: +1-541-7371235 |
14.
Social vulnerability and seismic risk perception. Case study: the historic center of the Bucharest Municipality/Romania 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Iuliana Armaş 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(3):397-410
Social vulnerability is as much a part of risk as building damage, hazard magnitude, and economic loss. Social vulnerability refers to the capacity of a human community exposed during the impact of a natural hazard event (in this case, an earthquake)
to resist, cope with, and recover from that impact. In the perspective of the 3rd millennium, we come to understand that the
most efficient and accessible way to reduce the pressure of natural risks is to reduce the vulnerability level of the human
communities exposed to that certain hazard. This study aims to test, in an exposed and vulnerable area, the relationship between
social vulnerability and the perception of the seismic risk. The research focuses only on the first level of social vulnerability,
defined as the ability of an individual within a household to recover from a natural hazard impact (Dwyer et al. 2004). A prevailing assumption was that social vulnerability influences the level of perception of the seismic risk, in an exposed, vulnerable area. To this end, two samples were used, different under the aspect of social vulnerability, in the context of the same residential
area. Social vulnerability was computed as a normalized composed index that includes the poverty ratio and the demographic
vulnerability ratio (depending on the age, gender, and education level indicators). The statistical processing has indicated
a significant difference in the high perception level for the two samples that were compared, in the sense that in the context
of an increased level of social vulnerability, people generally better acknowledge the seismic risk.
相似文献
| Iuliana ArmaşEmail: |
15.
Almost annually, natural hazards such as floods and landslides cause a great deal of financial loss and human suffering in
Taiwan. In order to gain a better understanding of disaster preparedness, this paper examines several factors in relation
to hazard mitigation behavior: social economic status (education, income), psychological vulnerability (sense of powerless
and helpless), risk perception (perceived impact and control) and social trust. The statistical analysis reported here is
based on the “2004 National Risk Perception Survey of Floods and Landslides in Taiwan”. The main findings include: (1) in
comparison with general public, victims are less willing to adopt risk mitigation measures than the public, even though they
perceive larger impacts, worry more about the hazard, and pay more attention to hazard information; (2) trust, risk perception
and social economic status are positive predictors for mitigation intentions, whereas psychological vulnerability is a negative
predictor; and (3) psychological variables are stronger predictors for mitigation intentions than that of socio-economic variables.
In light of these findings, the policy implications and intervention strategy are also discussed.
相似文献
| Shuyeu LinEmail: |
16.
The aim of this paper is to use an economic framework to derive decision making rules for river basin management with a focus on groundwater resources. Using an example from northern Nigeria, the paper provides an example of how decision making for sustainable water resources management may be facilitated by comparing net benefits and costs across a river basin. It is argued that economic tools can be used to assess the value of water resources in different uses, identify and analyze management scenarios, and provide decision rules for the sustainable use and management of surface and ground water resources in the region.
相似文献
| Gayatri AcharyaEmail: |
17.
The irreversible water–rock mass exchanges leading to the production of the Fiume Grande valley (Calabria, Italy) stream waters
and groundwaters, starting from local rainwaters, were simulated through reaction path modeling in reaction progress (stoichiometric)
mode. The simulations assumed bulk dissolution of a phyllitic rock and calcite and precipitation of gibbsite, kaolinite, amorphous
silica, illite, a smectite solid mixture, a hydroxide solid mixture, and a trigonal carbonate solid mixture. The analytical
contents of major and trace elements in stream waters and groundwaters were satisfactorily reproduced. However, further investigations
are necessary to clarify the fate of As in this natural systems.
相似文献
| Rosanna De RosaEmail: |
18.
David Havlick 《GeoJournal》2007,69(3):151-164
Since 1988, more than 20 US military bases have been redesignated as national wildlife refuges. In order to understand the
processes of these military-to-wildlife (M2W) conversions and their implications, I examine three logics that help to produce
these particular changes: Biodiversity, Brownfields, and Serendipity. These logics contribute to a broader discourse of ecological
militarization that frames military practices as compatible with and contributing to environmental protection. I focus on
the case of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado, USA, to examine how these logics of conversion are mobilized into practice,
and what such changes mean as they bring militarism and environmental conservation together in reconfigured spaces.
相似文献
| David HavlickEmail: |
19.
The regionalization of urban natural disasters in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jing-ai Wang Pei-jun Shi Xiang-sheng Yi Hui-cong Jia Lai-yin Zhu 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(2):169-179
An integrated urbanization level (CL) index and an integrated natural disaster intensity (QC) index were developed on the
basis of Disaster System Theory and China Natural Disaster Database for integrated urban disaster risk assessment. Integrated
quantitative assessments of the urban socio-economic system and the intensity of hazards in China were carried out by the
Model-Tupu (map series) and inter-feedback process using digital map technology. On the basis of this assessment, China can
be regionalized into three regions, namely, coastal urban disaster region, eastern urban disaster region and western urban
disaster region, 15 sub-regions and 22 units. These results can provide a scientific basis for determining a city’s disaster
risk management and natural disaster relief regionalization in China.
相似文献
| Pei-jun ShiEmail: |
20.
Magdala Tesauro Christine Hollenstein Ramon Egli Alain Geiger Hans-Gert Kahle 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(4):525-537
In order to study the ongoing tectonic deformation in the Rhine Graben area, we reconstruct the local crustal velocity and the strain rate field from GPS array solutions. Following the aim of this work, we compile the velocities of permanent GPS stations belonging to various networks (EUREF, AGNES, REGAL and RGP) in central western Europe. Moreover, the strain rate field is displayed in terms of principal axes and values, while the normal and the shear components of the strain tensor are calculated perpendicular and parallel to the strike of major faults. The results are compared with the fault plane solutions of earthquakes, which have occurred in this area. A broad-scale kinematic deformation model across the Rhine Graben is provided on the basis of tectonics and velocity results of the GPS permanent stations. The area of study is divided into four rigid blocks, between which there might be relative motions. The velocity and the strain rate fields are reconstructed along their borders, by estimating a uniform rotation for each block. The tectonic behaviour is well represented by the four-block model in the Rhine Graben area, while a more detailed model will be needed for a better reconstruction of the strain field in the Alpine region.
相似文献
| Magdala TesauroEmail: |