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1.
钻孔灌注桩后压浆后,与坑外含水层相比,基坑范围内含水层的渗透系数减小,这对基坑降水渗流场具有比较明显的影响。某广场式建筑由五幢塔楼和地下车库组成,采用桩侧后压浆钻孔灌注桩,基坑开挖深度21m,承压含水层组厚10m,透水性较强,采用敞开式完整井降水,井位主要沿基坑周边布置。在对水文地质条件进行概化后,建立了地下水三维非稳定流数值模型,进行了非均质渗流场模拟,并与均质渗流场作比较。结果表明,坑内后压浆区域的渗透系数减小后,坑内水力坡度变陡,单井涌水量减小,井数应相应增加;若模型计算域全部按注浆后的渗透系数考虑,则会严重降低补给强度、低估基坑总涌水量;在相同的降深要求下,坑内后压浆后渗透系数减小、但坑外渗透系数不变,基坑总补给量基本没有变化。现场监测与模拟结果较为一致。研究成果对类似工程地下水控制有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Summary Groundwater control is a means of ensuring that no gas leakage occurs from unlined rock storage caverns. To achieve a better understanding of the principles of gas containment under groundwater and how to obtain maximum gas storage capacity, analyses of groundwater conditions surrounding storage caverns and the effects of different factors on gas storage capacity have been performed and are reported in this paper. The analysis results indicate that the critical gas pressure of a storage facility is considerably less than the natural hydrostatic pressure around the caverns and somewhat less than the water curtain pressure. High gas storage capacity can be obtained by optimizing the design of cavern configuration, water curtain layout, cavern depth, etc. The principles of such optimization are outlined in this paper. 相似文献
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考虑地下水、注浆及衬砌影响的深埋隧洞弹塑性解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于深埋隧洞,地下水-围岩-注浆圈-衬砌共同形成了一个水压平衡体系,传统的隧洞应力与塑性区计算方法均未同时考虑上述4个因素的共同作用。以深埋隧洞为研究对象,将围岩、注浆圈、衬砌视为均质各向同性连续弹塑性介质,基于地下水动力学、弹塑性力学及摩尔-库仑屈服准则,推导了4个因素共同作用下深埋隧洞轴对称问题的应力弹塑性解与塑性区计算公式;利用Matlab编制程序对某隧洞工程进行了计算,并与传统计算方法进行了对比,验证了公式的正确性,指出了传统计算方法的缺陷;讨论了注浆参数对塑性区的影响规律,提出了最优注浆圈厚度的确定方法。 相似文献
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富水隧道的涌水问题是目前隧道施工中要解决的首要问题,尤其是涌水量特别大、水流速度大的隧道。目前针对该问题多采用注浆加固圈的方法,以排为主,后注浆加固。这种方法对于涌水量不大、渗透率低的围岩可行,而对于水压力大、地下水丰富的隧道,其效果差、成本高。针对该问题,文章提出一种幕墙堵水技术。首先分析渗透力与浆液的黏滞系数之间的关系,通过计算得出多孔介质中注浆浆液在渗透力作用下的地下水临界流速,确定幕墙距离隧道的最佳间距为2m,并提出了24种不同尺寸的注浆方案。采用数值模拟方法,分别计算了24种注浆方案的堵水或限排效果。最后在所建的24个模型中得出注浆深度为30.6m,注浆长度为20m的方案为最佳堵水方案,并应用到工程中。结果显示该方案堵水效果明显,洞内积水降低80%,能保证隧道下一步施工。研究表明:通过临界流速分析方法能够经济、快速地确定堵水或限排方案,满足现场施工及注浆堵水限排的要求,研究成果可为类似工程设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Major inflows of groundwater can occur during excavation in faulted or fractured rock masses, even if pre-excavation grouting is applied; postexcavation grouting may then be required to reduce these inflows. However, the diffusion equation for fluid pressure suggests that inflows may reduce naturally by 50–90% or more within days or weeks when the dimension of the flow in faults or fractures that feed the inflow (flow dimension) is close to 1, but inflow reduction is minimal when the flow dimension is close to 3. Therefore, if the flow dimension is close to 1, the natural reduction in inflow may obviate countermeasures. Nevertheless, this natural reduction being dependent on flow dimension is seldom considered explicitly when planning excavations or countermeasures. To verify the applicability of the relationship between natural changes of inflow and the flow dimension, this study measured changes in inflow at six locations at the Horonobe site, Japan, where major inflows occurred during excavations of tunnels or shafts in faulted or fractured siliceous rocks. The flow dimension at each location was assessed using pre-excavation packer tests in surface-based boreholes. The results confirm that changes in the inflows during the days and weeks immediately after their commencement depended consistently on the assessed flow dimension. Natural reductions in inflow during excavation are predictable based on the flow dimension, which can be estimated using pre-excavation borehole investigations or from the initial changes in inflow during the first several days. This approach may be helpful for improving the efficiency of excavations.
相似文献7.
位于乌鲁木齐市南湖路以西的煤炭采空区面积达67 100.5m^2,区内构造从南到北主要由八道湾向斜和七道湾背斜组成,地层产状变化不大。该矿区开采较深,且采空区塌陷区有明显的地下水活动迹象。在对深孔大体积采空区注浆时,比较各种常见注浆治理方法,均存在不同的制约因素,故决定采用灌浆爆破压密法对采空区进行压实加固。经现场爆破试验,该区重复爆破次数在3～5次左右。灌浆爆破压密处理后,对不同土层进行取样对比分析,得到其相应密度（增加）及空隙比（减少）的变化分别为：杂填土14.1%,-7.9%;素填土5.9%,-3.3%;塌落煤层7.8%,-7.7%。根据压缩数据及现场测量,处理后的土体沉降2～4m,部分空体地段的沉降量达10～20m,治理效果明显。 相似文献
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注浆堵水是地下工程和矿山水害防控的常用技术措施,但是,目前浆液扩散机理与采动效应的研究滞后于工程实践的要求,制约了注浆工程科学有效地实施。本文跟踪裂隙岩体中注浆浆液扩散研究,受裂隙地下水“偏流效应”启发,提出了深部矿山裂隙岩体动水注浆浆液扩散偏流效应的命题,包括2个关键科学问题: 裂隙岩体动水注浆浆液扩散偏流机理、偏流形成的“浆-岩”组合体采动变形破坏和渗透性变化机理。结合研究趋势,提出了跨学科综合研究方法。以典型矿山注浆防治水工程为背景,研究深部矿山水文地质结构及其采动时空演化,揭示裂隙岩体动水条件下注浆浆液扩散偏流机理及其影响因素,获得裂隙岩体内帷幕注浆形成的三维异形“浆-岩”组合体形态和力学特性,建立浆液偏流扩散数学模型,构建“浆-岩”组合体渗透性采动效应评价方法,为深部矿山水害防治和安全生产提供科学基础。 相似文献
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Water leakage problems in unlined or shotcrete lined water tunnels are not new issues. In many occasions severe water leakage
problems have been faced that not only have reduced the stability of the rock mass, but also have caused valuable water to
be lost from it, causing safety risk as well as huge economic loss to the projects. Hence, making tunnels water tight plays
an important role in improving stability and safety of underground excavations. The real challenge is however accurate prediction
and quantification of possible water leakage, so that cost consequences can be incorporated during planning of a water conveying
tunnel project. The main purposes of this paper are to analyze extensive data on leakage test carried out through exploratory
drillhole used to define the need for pre-injection grouting of Khimti headrace tunnel and to carry out probabilistic approach
of uncertainty analysis based on relationship established between leakage, hydrostatic head and selected Q-value parameters. The authors believe that the new approach regarding uncertainty analysis of leakage presented in this paper
will improve the understanding of leakage characteristics of the rock mass, and hope this will lead to a better understanding
concerning quantification of possible water leakage from unlined and shotcrete lined water tunnels. 相似文献
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兰考县位于河南省东部,地处黄淮平原腹地,为典型的水质型缺水地区,区内广泛分布有咸水、微咸水、高硬度水、高氟水以及高铁高锰水等劣质地下水。对兰考县中深层地下水分层进行采样分析,基本查明了兰考县中深层地下水化学组分分布情况及质量状况,结果显示:兰考县中深层地下水质量总体较差,且具有明显的垂向分层性,不同深度的地下水质量不同,一般上部水质差,下部水质较好,随着深度的增加,水质有逐渐变好的趋势。500～600 m层段的地下水质量好,可作为兰考县中深层地下水的主要取水层段。评价结果为当地寻找安全的饮用地下水水源提供了基础依据。 相似文献
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在井巷工程中探明前方或周边涌水是十分必要的。以云南彝良毛坪矿区为例,利用等值反磁通瞬变电磁法(OCTEM)和音频大地电磁法(AMT),探测了帷幕注浆工程轴线以下700 m范围内的含水断裂带的发育情况,意图为帷幕注浆治水工程提供指导意见。通过物探综合分析,探明具有富水性的异常7个。本项研究结果表明,OCTEM法能够识别出较小的含水节理或裂隙,AMT法对大深度含水破碎带较为敏感,两者结合对不良含水地质体探测效果明显。由此可见,综合物探在帷幕注浆治水中应用效果较好,有效查明了含水通道的深部延伸,为帷幕注浆治水提供了目标靶区。 相似文献
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地表-地下水系统水、热迁移转化与裸土蒸发机理研究对于水量平衡以及地表能量转化具有重要意义。以鄂尔多斯盆地风沙滩地区为研究区,基于原位蒸渗仪长期观测,结合数值模拟,选择2种地下水位初始埋深分别为80 cm（浅埋深）和290 cm（深埋深）的情景,研究了变饱和带水热迁移转化的动力学过程以及对裸土蒸发的影响。结果表明:变饱和带土壤水的运动规律受水头梯度和温度梯度的共同驱动,且在不同水位埋深条件下呈现不同的运动方式;浅埋深条件下,受水头梯度的作用,土壤的毛细上升高度能够到达地表,蒸发条件下土壤水在毛细力驱动下向上运移,土壤内部不存在零通量面,温度对水分运动的影响较小,发现当地下水位埋深小于毛细上升高度时,地下水在毛细力作用下直接贡献土壤蒸发;深埋深条件下,水头和温度是土壤水运动过程的关键因素,位于地表以下18 cm以浅土壤内部出现孤立的零通量面,阻止了土壤水的向上运移,导致蒸发量减小。当地下水位埋深大于毛细上升高度的1.6倍时,地下水不再直接参与土壤蒸发,但会间接地影响包气带的水分转化;因此模拟期间浅埋深的裸土累积蒸发量约为深埋深累积蒸发量的4倍。 相似文献
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Delineating low-arsenic groundwater environments in the Bengal Aquifer System, Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies within the As-affected Bengal Basin have indicated that low-As groundwater can be found in a variety of geological and geomorphological settings. The hydrogeological environments that host low-As groundwater may be interpreted within a geological framework determined by the Quaternary evolution of the Bengal Aquifer System (BAS). This provides the basis for delineating the position and extent of shallow low-As groundwater, low-As groundwater in oxidised ‘red-bed’ sediments, and deep low-As groundwater. Data available on a national scale allow a preliminary delineation of these low-As groundwater environments across Bangladesh, based on empirical associations of low-As groundwater occurrences with topography, water table elevation, surface sediment lithology, geology and the screen depth of deep wells in low-As zones. 相似文献
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依托毗邻深圳水库的深圳东部过境高速公路连接线工程,研制了以控制渗透系数为核心的围岩-支护体系新型相似材料,利用自制渗流模型试验系统,研究不同高度的动、静作用水头对水压力、排水量及渗流场的影响。试验表明：地下水位较高时,注浆圈内壁经历块状润湿、浸润线状态、完全湿润、拱腰以上挂满水珠、间断性水流线等过程,而随着作用水头的降低,渗流速度减慢,渗流时间大幅增加;随着静水头高度降低,各特征点水压力呈近似线性下降,且作用水头越小,相同位置二衬和注浆圈背后的水压力值更加接近,而隧道排水量测试的离散性也越小;动水头作用下,水压力随时间变化有明显的滞后性,其时间效应不利于结构稳定,而动水头下降过程中浅埋处更易受到影响,需加强隧道顶部的承载及抗渗设计,隧道排水量值随动水头下降呈减小的趋势,且降低相同水位差所需的时间越长。 相似文献
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以珠三角广花盆地城市应急水源地为例,通过野外现场抽水和室内临界水力梯度试验对比,分析了地下水安全开采的控制条件。结果显示:广花盆地的岩溶塌陷是可通过控制水位降深等方法进行防控的,当地下水开采水位降深控制在9 m以内时,可大幅度降低岩溶塌陷概率。该结果可直接作为企业进行地下水安全开采的控制性指标和政府管理部门安全管控的决策性指标。由于地质条件的差异性,在实际开采地下水过程中,不能机械地依赖单一的地下水水位降深控制指标,应根据抽水影响半径以及各地不同的临界水力坡度分地段控制地下水位降深,或者改变开采方式,以达到充分利用地下水资源的目的。建议在实际抽水期间制订突发灾害预案,加强地下水监测工作,实时掌握地下水和其他影响因素变化动态。 相似文献
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河北省沧州市地质灾害与地下水关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章主要对沧州市的地面沉降、地裂缝等地质灾害的发育特征进行了分析研究，论述了其与地下水的关系。得出深昙地下水水位降深70m可作专控制地面沉降发展的警戒水位降深，浅层地下水水位埋深7m可作为地裂缝多发的警戒水位埋深的结论。这专地质灾害监测工作相对滞后，而地下水水位监测系统相对完善的平原地区，如何控制地质灾害的发生、发展提供了一个可资借鉴的思路。 相似文献
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江西省宜春城区地面塌陷特征及防治建议 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
宜春城区属岗阜低丘地形,分布石炭系-二叠系覆盖型及裸露型碳酸盐岩,占城区面积近70%。浅部岩溶发育,覆盖层厚度一般小于20m,土洞较多,基岩面起伏大,第四系岩性结构复杂,地下水埋藏浅。由于抽采地下水及建筑施工振动等人为因素影响,诱发地面塌陷12处,造成重大经济损失。在城市规划功能布局时应充分考虑地面塌陷的易发程度及场地建设适宜性;应限制诱发塌陷因素的强度,在易发区须严格控制地下水开采,严禁新建开采井;塌陷治理的主要方法有填堵、跨越、灌注、深基础控制抽排水强度、及其它综合治理或避让方法,同时做好灾害的监测预报工作。 相似文献
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Hydrochemical and isotopic researches were conducted in El-Sadat City groundwater system to identify groundwater alteration,
recharge, residence time and extent of pollution. The groundwater salinity gradually increases as the groundwater moves from
northeastern to southwestern parts of the city. Groundwater generally shows mineralization decreasing with depth, indicating
that the possibility of recent water penetration far below the surface is limited. Shallow groundwater has an elevated level
of nitrate, which is attributed to anthropogenic sources due to intensive agricultural activity. The limit of high nitrate
water may mark the maximum penetration of groundwater from the surface, which is found in depths <100 m. The northeastern
and southwestern industrial areas are highly contaminated by some heavy metals, which may originate from some local industrial
effluents. The sewage oxidation ponds seem to show no effect on groundwater; hence, these ponds are not a point source for
these heavy metals. Dissolved ions depict five different hydrochemical facies, and stable isotopes define the recharge mechanisms,
the origin of groundwater and the hydraulic confinement of deep groundwater. The deep groundwater is untritiated and has long
residence times (in the order of thousands of years). Three different hydrochemical groups have been recognized and mapped
in El-Sadat City, based on the chemical and isotopic information of the groundwater. These groups have different levels of
contamination. The deep groundwater samples are significantly less impacted by surface activities and it appears that these
important water resources have very low recharge rates and would, therefore, be severely impacted by overabstraction. The
extensive exploitation of groundwater for drinking water supply would shortly be reflected by a gradual decline of the groundwater
table in El-Sadat City. Amelioration of groundwater quality requires further management strategies and efforts in the forthcoming
years. 相似文献