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1.
唐常春  李亚平 《地理研究》2020,39(11):2626-2641
多中心城市群具有交通网络发达、功能联系密切、空间多维复合等特征,其土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)是一个相当复杂的过程。采用地学信息图谱方法,探索城市群LUCC数量结构与时空格局一体化耦合机理,研究用地变化与区域发展互动关系,有助于深入揭示多中心城市群土地利用时空演变规律,为同类城市群的国土空间规划和健康发展提供参考。本文以典型案例长株潭城市群为例,构建1995—2015年四个时期地学信息图谱,并耦合重心转移模型,在总体量化分析基础上,重点从城际与城乡视角深入解析城市群土地利用时空变化特征和一体化发展态势。研究结果表明:① 土地利用总体动态加速演变。四期建设用地扩张年动态度分别为1.06、4.10、2.21和7.39,转移强度动态增加,耕地和林地呈加速减少态势。② 城际与城乡地类图谱转移呈现多维演变。图谱“15(耕地→建设用地)、25(林地→建设用地)、45(水域→建设用地)”重心由株洲城区(Ⅰ 期)向长沙城区(Ⅱ 期和Ⅲ 期)再向湘潭城区(Ⅳ期)迁移,经历“相对均衡-长沙加速崛起-有机均衡”和“城市加速集聚-城乡相对均衡”演变过程。③ 近年来,城际转移强度差异缩小,转移结构分异增加,区域主体功能逐步凸显。同时,外围区县加速发展,城乡一体化水平明显提升。④ 城市群土地利用涨落势图谱与经济社会一体化发展高度耦合,同时耕地保护与高质量发展有待加强。  相似文献   

2.
内蒙古是我国土壤风力侵蚀较为严重的地区之一,同时也是我国土地利用方式剧烈变化的地区之一。依据两期土地利用数据以及相应年代的土壤风力侵蚀数据,研究了20世纪90年代末期内蒙古自治区土地利用和风力侵蚀的静、动态格局。根据土地利用和风力侵蚀的空间分布及动态变化特点,设计了内蒙古土地利用-风力侵蚀动态区划,基于该区划详细讨论了内蒙古不同地区占主导地位的土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态,由此揭示了两者之间存在的驱动--被驱动关系。研究发现,在20世纪90年代末期,内蒙古土地利用和风力侵蚀的基本格局没有太大变化,但风力侵蚀强度在总体上增强了;土地利用的变化主要反映为草地的退化和耕地的扩张。土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态有着良好的时空对应关系:草地的退化与耕地的扩张导致了显著的风力侵蚀增强,而草地的改善以及耕地的收缩对风力侵蚀的影响不如前者明显,这表明了土地利用动态对风力侵蚀动态正、反向驱动的不平衡性。  相似文献   

3.
徐州城区土地利用变化过程与格局   总被引:15,自引:6,他引:9  
基于1994、2003年的土地利用现状图,1987、1994、2000、2003和2007年5个时相的Landsat TM遥感影像,构建了矿业城市徐州的城区土地利用时空变化数据库,以此为基础,采用动态度、强度、开发度、耗减度等数量变化模型及重心模型、插值分析、各向异性和扇形分析等空间分析方法,揭示了徐州城区土地利用变化过程与格局特征,并对其驱动力进行分析.研究表明:耕地的减少和建设用地的增加是研究区土地利用变化的总体特征;矿产资源的分布影响城市用地格局,资源生命周期影响城市用地格局演化;城市建设用地扩展空间异性逐步增强,并呈现出阶段性演化特征;研究区土地利用格局及其演化是自然条件、矿产资源、经济因素、城市规划、交通等多因素综合作用的结果.  相似文献   

4.
采用ISODATA非监督分类方法,结合目视判读,对南汀河下游坝区1988年、1996年、2002年和2009年4期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像进行分类,以揭示研究区几十年来土地利用变化时空格局。基于遥感分类结果,运用单一土地利用动态度、综合土地利用动态度、土地利用转移率等指标,进一步分析了研究区土地利用变化强度与速率,以及土地利用变化强度与河道的关系。研究结果表明,南汀河下游坝区土地利用类型以园地为主,耕地次之,未利用土地、水域和建设用地所占比例均较小;近年来研究区土地利用变化有所加剧,1988~1996年、1996~2002年和2002~2009年3个时期综合土地利用动态度分别为1.83%、2.89%和3.05%,其中建设用地、未利用土地(主要为河滩裸地)、耕地的变动幅度较大;研究时段内,未利用土地面积由32.60 km2减小到9.68km2,而同期建设用地面积持续大幅增加,耕地先增后减,园地则先减后增;在距河岸1.5 km范围内,综合土地利用动态度随离河岸距离的增加而变小。  相似文献   

5.
基于GIS的干旱区LUCC分析和模拟方法探讨   总被引:20,自引:16,他引:20  
阎金凤  陈曦 《干旱区地理》2003,26(2):185-191
土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)问题中的过程、趋势、驱动力研究及生态环境综合评价是目前的重点研究领域。在现有的“3S”技术应用于LUCC研究的基础上,对三工河流域近20年的土地利用/土地覆被变化情况进行动态分析,发现耕地大面积增加,增长幅度达到13%,城市、村庄及工矿建设得到飞速发展,城市面积扩大了近十倍;荒草地、盐碱地总体趋势是大面积减少,直接性或间接性的向耕地、灌木林地、城市、村庄发生了转移。同时探讨了利用地理元胞自动机模型(GeoCA)分析的方法对干旱区LUCC进行时空演变研究,目的在于找寻一种对LUCC进行预测分析及模拟的方法。此方法有利于更好地进行生态环境综合评价和土地利用合理规划。  相似文献   

6.
土地利用/ 土地覆被变化(LUCC) 是当前研究全球变化的重要内容, 而区域土地利用 格局模拟是LUCC 研究的核心内容之一。以张家界市永定区为研究单元, 根据由2005 年土地 利用现状图和数字高程模型数据源得到的土地利用、地形、河流以及道路等空间数据, 对区 域土地利用类型空间格局的空间自相关性特征进行了建模研究, 并通过在传统Logistic 模型 中引入描述空间自相关性的成份, 实现了能够考虑自相关性因素的回归分析模型 (AutoLogistic 模型), 同时应用该模型对区域土地利用格局进行了模拟和分析。结果显示, 通 过与没有考虑空间自相关性的回归模型(传统Logistic 模型) 相比较, 该模型显示了更好的拟 合优度和更高的拟合准确率(耕地、林地、建设用地及未利用地的ROC 值分别从0.851、 0.913、0.877 和0.852 提高到0.893、0.940、0.907 和0.863)。研究结果说明了基于 AutoLogistic 方法的土地利用格局的相关性建模在一定意义上是合理的。同时研究结果也可以 为永定区及其相似地区的土地利用规划决策提供更为科学的依据。  相似文献   

7.
喀斯特生态脆弱区猫跳河流域土地利用/覆被变化研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
LUCC是当前国际全球变化研究的前沿和热点领域,喀斯特生态脆弱区的土地利用/覆被变化是国际LUCC研究中的薄弱环节。以贵州中部的典型喀斯特流域——猫跳河流域为例,通过详实的地面调查,以1973年的Landsat-MSS影像、1990年和2002年的Landsat-TM影像为数据源,在RS、G IS、GPS为核心的"三S"集成技术支撑下,应用单一土地利用动态度、单一土地利用转入率和转出率、综合土地利用动态度、土地利用度以及土地覆被变化空间指数等指标,定量研究了该流域在过去30 a间的土地利用/覆被的变化特征。研究表明:(1)研究区的土地覆被类型主要以耕地、灌草地、灌木林以及有林地为主;(2)1970年代以来,土地利用/覆被变化剧烈,各地类之间的变化幅度存在较大差别,水田、灌木林、其他林地、灌草地等地类先减后增,旱地和裸岩地先增后减,有林地、水域、城镇建设用地、农村居民点、交通工矿用地等持续增加;⑶1973~1990年的土地利用动态度和土地利用度均比1990~2002年大,前一时期的裸岩地明显增加,土地利用具有明显的不可持续性,进入1990年后,裸岩地缩减,流域生态环境质量趋于好转;⑷伴随着分布面积在平面空间上的张缩,各地类的平均分布高程和坡度在垂直方向上也出现了相应的变化。  相似文献   

8.
近10年来长江下游土地利用变化及其生态环境效应   总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45  
基于TM卫星遥感数据,对长江下游地区1988~1998年10年来土地利用类型的数量和时空变化特征进行了研究。为表征长江下游土地利用及其变化的时空分异特征,以县级行政区为基本空间分析单元,利用土地利用程度变化模型以及土地利用类型变化强度指数分析了长江下游近10年来的土地利用程度及其变化的区域分异特征、各土地利用类型变化强度的区域分异特征;通过计算土地利用变化类型的重要值,分析了区域土地利用变化的空间趋向性。研究中还对农田的数量变化特征、耕地流失强度的区域分异,特别是土地利用变化的区域生态环境效应等问题进行了分析和探讨。  相似文献   

9.
陕西大理河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
近年来,土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究已成为国际的前沿和重点。在大理河流域,LUCC(包括水土保持措施)对水循环和水量平衡产生了深远影响,该流域LUCC水文效应的研究势在必行。根据研究区1990年代三期土地利用数据分析了LUCC的时空变化特征,采用特征变量时间序列法及降水-径流模型对LUCC水文效应进行了研究。结果表明:流域土地利用类型以耕地和草地为主,近10年来,耕地和草地面积有所减少,而林地和建设用地面积持续增加;流域年径流和月径流演化过程均表现出明显的下降趋势;LUCC及水土保持具有减少流域年径流、汛期流量以及增加枯季流量的作用,相对于降水因素,人类活动对流域水文的作用占主导地位;在1990~2000年期间,主要由LUCC引起的年均径流减少量达2616.6×104 m3,占该期间实测减水总量的62.19%。  相似文献   

10.
论文系统评述了中老缅泰“黄金四角”地区土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)分类与制图、LUCC的空间格局与驱动力以及环境效应研究进展.研究表明:现有LUCC研究相对零星分散,整体性、综合性以及对比性区域研究不足;LUCC分类与制图多源于全球和大尺度研究,高精度区域性分类与制图研究较少,时空尺度已无法满足区域性研究需求;罂粟地、轮歇地、橡胶林地3种典型地类研究参差不齐,遥感识别方法与时空分析研究不足;LUCC格局和过程变化分析多关注某些地类,整体性空间格局及国别时空对比研究不足;LUCC驱动力研究多停留在局部区域,整体研究较为薄弱;LUCC土壤环境效应研究丰富,水、大气以及生态环境效应研究则相对不足.研究认为,应加强LUCC的不同时空尺度对比研究、拓展LUCC研究内容、深化LUCC综合研究方法,同时要重视对边境、贫穷地区的LUCC研究;提出应开展中老缅泰交界地区LUCC国别对比研究,既可丰富LUCC基础数据库,也可为这一地区的土地可持续利用提供参考与借鉴.  相似文献   

11.
Land-use/land-cover changes (LUCCs) have links to both human and nature inter- actions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets (CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year inter- vals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TM/ETM+ im- ages. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as fol- lows. Land-use changes (LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years (1990-2010). The area of cropland change de- creased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost un- changed. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; (2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China; (3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and (4) effective- ness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use pat- terns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation. The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.  相似文献   

12.
Land-use/land-cover changes (LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets (CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010,with standard procedures based on Landsat TM\ETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics,differences,and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows. Land-use changes (LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years (1990-2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north,but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly,were mainly distributed in the east,and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first,and then increased,but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,the southeastern coastal areas,the midstream area of the Yangtze River,and the Sichuan Basin;(2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China;(3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields;and (4) effectiveness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia,the Loess Plateau,and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades,although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland,policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century,the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation.The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries,the internal characteristics of zones,and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning,variations in unit boundaries,and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.  相似文献   

13.
2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征   总被引:24,自引:4,他引:20  
土地利用/覆被变化是人类活动对地球表层及全球变化影响研究的重要内容。本文基于Landsat 8 OLI、GF-2等遥感图像和人机交互解译方法,获取的土地利用数据实现了中国2010-2015年土地利用变化遥感动态监测。应用土地利用动态度、年变化率等指标,从全国和分区角度揭示了2010-2015年中国土地利用变化的时空特征。结果表明:2010-2015年中国建设用地面积共增加24.6×103 km2,耕地面积共减少4.9×103 km2,林草用地面积共减少16.4×103 km2。2010-2015年与2000-2010年相比,中国土地利用变化的区域空间格局基本一致,但分区变化呈现新的特征。东部建设用地持续扩张和耕地面积减少,变化速率有所下降;中部建设用地扩张和耕地面积减少速度增加;西部建设用地扩张明显加速,耕地面积增速进一步加快,林草面积减少速率增加;东北地区建设用地扩展持续缓慢,耕地面积稳中有升,水旱田转换突出,林草面积略有下降。从“十二五”期间国家实施的主体功能区布局来看,东部地区的土地利用变化特征与优化和重点开发区的国土空间格局管控要求基本吻合;中部和西部地区则面临对重点生态功能区和农产品主产区相关土地利用类型实现有效保护的严峻挑战,必须进一步加大对国土空间开发格局的有效管控。  相似文献   

14.
Land use/cover change is an important theme on the impacts of human activities on the earth systems and global environmental change. National land-use changes of China during 2010–2015 were acquired by the digital interpretation method using the high-resolution remotely sensed images, e.g. the Landsat 8 OLI, GF-2 remote sensing images. The spatiotemporal characteristics of land-use changes across China during 2010–2015 were revealed by the indexes of dynamic degree model, annual land-use changes ratio etc. The results indicated that the built-up land increased by 24.6×103 km2 while the cropland decreased by 4.9×103 km2, and the total area of woodland and grassland decreased by 16.4×103 km2. The spatial pattern of land-use changes in China during 2010–2015 was concordant with that of the period 2000–2010. Specially, new characteristics of land-use changes emerged in different regions of China in 2010–2015. The built-up land in eastern China expanded continually, and the total area of cropland decreased, both at decreasing rates. The rates of built-up land expansion and cropland shrinkage were accelerated in central China. The rates of built-up land expansion and cropland growth increased in western China, while the decreasing rate of woodland and grassland accelerated. In northeastern China, built-up land expansion slowed continually, and cropland area increased slightly accompanied by the conversions between paddy land and dry land. Besides, woodland and grassland area decreased in northeastern China. The characteristics of land-use changes in eastern China were essentially consistent with the spatial govern and control requirements of the optimal development zones and key development zones according to the Major Function-oriented Zones Planning implemented during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–2015). It was a serious challenge for the central government of China to effectively protect the reasonable layout of land use types dominated with the key ecological function zones and agricultural production zones in central and western China. Furthermore, the local governments should take effective measures to strengthen the management of territorial development in future.  相似文献   

15.
中国西部干旱区土地利用变化显著,是全球土地变化科学研究的热点区,为此论文基于1990—2016年4个时段的遥感卫星数据,采用面向对象的分层分类影像解译方法完成了塔里木盆地南缘和田地区(简称和田塔里木地区)土地利用调查,重点分析土地利用变化特征、发展模式和区域差异性。结果表明:1990—2016年,和田塔里木地区耕地持续加速扩张(增长率为2.9%/a),呈现渐进式扩张和骤变式开垦2种发展模式;建设用地面积增加(12.1%/a),主要表现为城市化发展、农村居民用地和交通用地的增加;耕地和建设用地扩张导致林灌草地和未利用地面积减少;和田地区县域土地利用发展不均衡,和田市建设用地比例最高,和田县与墨玉县的农业和建设用地扩张总量和速率最大,其次是洛浦县和于田县,皮山县、策勒县和民丰县农业和建设用地增长相对缓慢;总体上,和田塔里木地区耕地和建设用地的扩张在新疆处于一个较快的发展水平,今后一段时期快速的土地利用变化可能引起的生态环境问题需要重点关注。  相似文献   

16.
Understanding the forces that influence the distribution of land use and land-use change (LUC) is an essential step in developing effective strategies for managing these issues. We examined the influence of landscape position on spatial patterns in land-use distribution within the Little Tennessee River Basin (LTRB) of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We show that landscape position, defined with respect to both natural and anthropogenic spatial variables, provides for the identification of statistically significant differences in the distribution of common forms of land use in the study region. Using the same variables, significant differences in the landscape positions subject to land-use change in the LTRB are also examined. These results suggest landscape position exerts a strong influence on the distribution of different forms of land use and the likeliness of given area undergoing LUC. The approach presented here, of considering land use as a function of landscape position that responds to both natural and anthropogenic forces, may prove useful in aiding the development of future strategies to address the consequences of land use in many regions.  相似文献   

17.
基于地貌分区的1990-2015年中国耕地时空特征变化分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
地形地貌通过分配地表水分和热量制约耕地的利用形式和成效,对耕地质量具有非常重要的决定意义,以地貌分区的视角研究中国耕地变化具有重要意义。根据1990-2015年中国6期土地利用空间数据和地貌分区数据,运用GIS空间叠加分析方法,分析中国耕地1990-2015年的面积变化和空间分布格局,进一步探讨不同地貌分区下的耕地新增与流失方向。结果表明,中国耕地面积略有增加,但总体变化不大,耕地面积从1990年的17715万hm2增加到2015年的17851万hm2,平均每年增加5.44万hm2,每年增幅仅为0.03%。耕地主要分布在平原地区,台地、丘陵次之;新增耕地主要来源为草地、林地和未利用地。东部平原低山丘陵区(I)耕地面积最大,而西北高中山盆地高原区(IV)耕地动态度明显高于其他地貌区。空间上呈现“南减北增,新增耕地的重心向西北移动”的特征。1990-2015年间,西北高中山盆地高原区(IV)和东部平原低山丘陵区(I)为耕地面积增长区,平均每年增加耕地面积分别为8.9万hm2和5.4万hm2;东南低山丘陵平原区(II)和西南中低山高原盆地区(V)为耕地面积减少区,平均每年减少耕地面积分别为5.9万hm2和2.8万hm2;而华北—内蒙东中山高原区(III)和青藏高原高山极高山盆地谷地区(VI)耕地面积几乎没有变化,平均每年变化仅为0.15 万hm2和0.06万 hm2。耕地流失主要发生在东部平原低山丘陵区(I)和东南低山丘陵平原区(II),主要原因为城镇化进程加快带来的建设用地对优质耕地的大量占用;而新增耕地主要发生在西北高中山盆地高原区(IV),多来自于对草地和未利用地的开垦。  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Land-Use Mix (LUM) refers to the strategy of integrating complementary functions within a building or area. While LUM has become a dominant approach in urban planning, its actual benefits and vision for spatial planning remain unclear. To clarify this issue, this study discerns the spatial features of land-use patterns depending on the compatibilities among land-use categories. Accordingly, this study introduces three LUM measures – adjacency, intensity, and proximity – to identify differences in the spatial distribution of land-use categories. Based on these measures, a land-use allocation model is developed to specify spatial patterns satisfying the given compatibilities. This model is tested by applying the concept of the neighborhood unit on a case study of normative land-use patterns subject to specified compatibilities. The results describe spatial features of four compatibility sets, including a set exhibiting a compatibility conflict between the same land-use pair and LUM measures when, for example, a given land-use pair is compatible in terms of intensity but incompatible in terms of proximity. Understanding the spatial features of a normative land-use pattern that satisfies various possible compatibilities will facilitate the incorporation of the LUM approach into local planning guidance and zoning ordinances.  相似文献   

19.
基于遥感技术和GIS的小流域土地利用/覆被变化分析   总被引:36,自引:3,他引:33  
根据贵州省平坝县克酬流域1973年MSS影像数据,1989、1995、2000年Landsat TM影像数据,利用RS和GIS信息获取技术、空间分析技术和数理统计方法,分析了该流域土地利用的数量变化和空间变化特征,明确了土地利用变化的主要类型和方向,并探讨了土地利用变化和地形因子的关系。结果显示,该流域土地利用以农田和灌草用地为主,1973~2000年林地和灌草地减少,农田、水域、村镇、交通用地增加,林地转化为灌草、灌草转化为农田及农田转化为村镇居民点和公路用地是研究区主要土地利用变化类型。研究区土地利用空间分布与海拔高程、坡度等地形因子有密切关系。1973~2000年农田、林地和灌草分布的海拔高程和坡度均呈增加趋势,这和上述土地利用类型间的转化规律相一致。  相似文献   

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