共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
以鄂东南赤壁-嘉鱼地区为例,在缺少地表各岩石单元样品的情况下,对Landsat8可见光近红外和短波红外(VNIR-SWIR)波段反射率数据进行处理提取岩性信息。首先对VNIR-SWIR多波段反射率数据进行最佳指数因子(IOIF)运算,得出最佳波段组合band7-band5-band2,从其假彩色合成图像上只能识别少量岩性单元;为了减少高相关性波段之间的信息冗余度,并对波段信息进行集成,后对Landsat8VNIR-SWIR波段反射率数据采用主成分变换并进行彩色合成,能够有效增强志留系、侏罗系及第四系地质单元之间的影像差异,从而划分岩性界线。对比已有地质资料,认为提取结果可靠,能为野外地质工作提供基础信息。 相似文献
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甘肃鹰嘴山地区岩体和隐伏岩体遥感信息提取研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选择中国西北地区阿尔金山脉东段的鹰嘴山金矿及其周边地区为研究区,研究如何利用Landsat-7 ETM+遥感数据,实现对该区岩体和隐伏岩体信息自动提取。采用遥感信息多层次分离提取技术,通过对该区实测地物波谱数据和岩矿石多元数据的统计分析,得到岩体有关蚀变类型的遥感信息提取波段组合,并在对多波段遥感数据进行算术运算、比值和主成分分析的基础上,获取多幅经过信息增强处理的中间变量图像。结合对研究区已知岩体分布范围和特征的研究,从多幅中间变量图像中优选出主要包含岩体信息的最佳变量图像,并据此提取出该区的岩体和隐伏岩体信息。通过与已有地质资料的对比分析和野外实地验证,发现用该方法提取的岩体信息与实际情况吻合度高,效果较好。另外,对岩体信息提取误差产生的原因也进行了相关讨论。 相似文献
3.
《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
岩性识别是遥感图像分类的难点,也是遥感地质应用的难点和热点。从遥感地质应用的实际需求出发,以西昆仑地区侏罗纪沉积岩地层为例,通过尺度转换提取高分遥感图像的多尺度纹理信息,采用波段叠加的方式协同多尺度纹理信息与ASTER影像多光谱信息进行岩性识别方法研究。利用WorldView-2全色数据进行向上尺度转换,形成空间分辨率分别为0.5,2,5,10,15,30m6种尺度图像数据,基于灰度共生矩阵提取各尺度上的纹理信息;将不同尺度的纹理信息分别与ASTER多光谱数据叠加形成协同数据;采用监督分类方法对研究区协同数据进行岩性分类。结果表明:(1)岩性纹理信息对空间尺度表现出依赖性,纹理信息量及含义随空间尺度不同而变化;(2)每套特定岩层因其独特的几何空间结构特征(厚度、产状、夹层、互层等)都有与之相适应的最佳纹理尺度,且该最佳尺度下纹理与光谱的协同效应最大;(3)纹理信息与多光谱数据形成的协同数据能有效提高岩性分类的精度,分类精度提高的程度与纹理计算的尺度相关。研究区岩性分类结果显示当纹理尺度为10m时,与仅基于ASTER纯光谱分类结果相比,精度提高了约6.9%。 相似文献
4.
结合实测光谱的ASTER数据岩性识别方法:以西昆仑其木干二长花岗岩提取为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对西昆仑阿克陶县其木干地区出露的二长花岗岩岩石样品进行了光谱测试,二长花岗岩在2.1~2.5μm之间有一定的吸收特征,具备应用遥感进行岩性识别的波谱条件。利用最小二乘线性回归方法建立了实测光谱与ASTER图像光谱各波段的线性关系,得到了ASTER图像地表反射率。以实测光谱为端元光谱,对二次反演图像采用混合调谐匹配滤波技术(MTMF)提取了二长花岗岩岩体空间范围。经调查验证,提取结果与岩体的实际出露范围较为吻合。该方法具有一定的实用性和有效性,能为西部艰险复杂地区的遥感技术应用提供方法上的参考。 相似文献
5.
在西昆仑成矿带塔什库尔干地区,利用WorldView-2高分辨率卫星数据开展了遥感地质综合调查研究,采用最佳指数法选择适于本区遥感解译及信息提取的8-4-3波段组合,利用波段比值、主成分变换等方法增强岩性、构造和矿化信息并进行地质解译;结果表明,波段比值可识别闪长岩、大理岩、片岩等多套岩性并突出岩性之间的界线,主成分变换能增强黑云石英片岩与白色花岗岩体间界线,并能对不同片岩因矿物含量差异而呈现的不同色调、明暗程度有较好的反映。岩矿波谱测试及岩性反演和遥感矿化异常信息提取研究工作表明,大理岩等单矿物岩石波谱反演效果较好,对B1,B4,B8,B6等4个波段进行主成分变换及铁矿化信息的提取结果表明,PC3分量是铁染异常的特征主分量。利用WorldView-2数据在西部裸露地区进行矿产地质遥感综合调查,既有高地面分辨率的光学特征,又具有一定的波谱识别能力,不仅能提取大范围的矿化蚀变信息,还可以识别局部的矿体露头,应用效果较好,值得推广。 相似文献
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用ASETR图像和地统计学纹理进行岩性分类 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
运用新获取的ASTER数据可以对岩性进行识别与分类：首先运用地统计学中的变差函数来计算分析几种选定的岩性单元的灰度值空间变化特征；运用ASTER数据的可见光一近红外波段、短波红外(SWIR)波段以及二者的组合进行岩性的分类，分析分类精度的变化。用变差函数作为纹理的计算函数来提取图像纹理，并与原始的光谱数据结合，进行岩性的分类。结果表明，与单纯的光谱分类相比，加入纹理信息可显著改善分类精度；用不同方向的滞后距离提取的图像纹理对图像的分类结果有一定的差异，尤其是对存在明显的各向异性的岩石单元。 相似文献
7.
花岗岩类的遥感岩性提取与识别研究一直是遥感岩石学领域的热点之一.位于中国新疆北部的西准噶尔地区有许多花岗岩体产出,其岩性信息对于西准噶尔的地质研究十分重要.本文通过对西准噶尔克拉玛依花岗岩体岩石样品及光谱库中相关矿物的可见光-近红外及短波红外(VNIR-SWIR)与热红外(TIR)的光谱测试与特性分析,采用ASTER SWIR-TIR比值13/12(R),4/6(G),(12×12)/(11×13) (B)假彩色合成技术识别与提取出研究区碱长花岗岩、花岗岩、花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩四种花岗岩类,证明ASTER SWIR-TIR多光谱数据,尤其是TIR数据,对花岗岩类岩性识别的能力.此外,根据遥感影像中岩性、构造特征的解译与区域内包古图斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿斑岩岩体比较,推断出位于克拉玛依Ⅱ号岩体以及Ⅰ号与Ⅲ号岩体交汇部位东侧的部分区域仍可能具有一定的成矿潜力. 相似文献
8.
赛什腾地区隶属柴北缘构造带,岩性复杂多变,前人对研究区岩性界线的划分较为笼统,笔者等选择Landsat- 8 OLI、ASTER和Sentinel- 2A为数据源,采用最佳波段指数确定各影像的波段组合,凸显不同岩石的边界;将ASTER短波红外波段与Landsat- 8 OLI、Sentinel- 2A可见光—近红外波段协同处理,构成Landsat- 8+ASTER（LA）数据和Sentinel- 2A+ASTER（SA）数据,分析重采样岩石标准光谱信息,拟定不同岩石波段运算公式,基于多重分形理论选定不同岩石类型的阈值范围,获取主要岩性的分布;根据重采样的黑云母标准光谱曲线,选取SA数据2262 nm波段和2336 nm波段进行定向主成分分析,采用Crosta法阈值分割第二主成分,划分黑云母异常等级,将其与岩性分布相关联,识别出研究区主要岩性分布。通过岩石实测光谱分析、薄片镜下鉴定与野外地质调查相结合的方法完善解译结果。岩性提取结果显示,小赛什腾山东侧新发现“U”型条带,为辉长岩—英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩,重新圈定达肯大坂群第三岩组和第四岩组,滩间山群一组,花岗岩,二长花岗岩,黑云母花岗岩,流纹岩,似斑状石英闪长岩,石英闪长岩,英云闪长岩,辉长闪长岩和辉长岩等岩石的边界。此次基于多源遥感数据岩性识别方法研究对青海赛什腾地区野外地质调查工作具有指导意义,可为高山峡谷区地质填图提供技术参考。 相似文献
9.
赛什腾地区隶属柴北缘构造带,岩性复杂多变,前人对研究区岩性界线的划分较为笼统,笔者等选择Landsat- 8 OLI、ASTER和Sentinel- 2A为数据源,采用最佳波段指数确定各影像的波段组合,凸显不同岩石的边界;将ASTER短波红外波段与Landsat- 8 OLI、Sentinel- 2A可见光—近红外波段协同处理,构成Landsat- 8+ASTER（LA）数据和Sentinel- 2A+ASTER（SA）数据,分析重采样岩石标准光谱信息,拟定不同岩石波段运算公式,基于多重分形理论选定不同岩石类型的阈值范围,获取主要岩性的分布;根据重采样的黑云母标准光谱曲线,选取SA数据2262 nm波段和2336 nm波段进行定向主成分分析,采用Crosta法阈值分割第二主成分,划分黑云母异常等级,将其与岩性分布相关联,识别出研究区主要岩性分布。通过岩石实测光谱分析、薄片镜下鉴定与野外地质调查相结合的方法完善解译结果。岩性提取结果显示,小赛什腾山东侧新发现“U”型条带,为辉长岩—英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩,重新圈定达肯大坂群第三岩组和第四岩组,滩间山群一组,花岗岩,二长花岗岩,黑云母花岗岩,流纹岩,似斑状石英闪长岩,石英闪长岩,英云闪长岩,辉长闪长岩和辉长岩等岩石的边界。此次基于多源遥感数据岩性识别方法研究对青海赛什腾地区野外地质调查工作具有指导意义,可为高山峡谷区地质填图提供技术参考。 相似文献
10.
新疆乌什县北山1:50000填图试点项目位于塔里木盆地西北边缘和西南天山交接部位,海拔较高,地形切割较深,属于典型的高山峡谷区。利用ASTER、SPOT6、GF-2等多源遥感数据,基于典型岩性光谱吸收特征,进行岩性差异信息增强与提取研究,总结出一套基于多源遥感数据进行岩性单元边界划分的方法。以ASTER数据、ASTER与SPOT6协同数据、ASTER与GF-2协同数据等为基础影像数据,并选择最佳波段组合进行RGB彩色合成,从而增强影像差异,结合已有研究区地质资料,初步圈定不同影像单元边界;继而利用矿物丰度指数、SMACC端元丰度提取等方法识别研究区内主要岩性的分布位置和范围;最后结合野外实际调查数据,依据实际地质背景和影像质量进行筛选,获得最终的岩性单元解译图。研究结果为该区进一步进行地层优化划分及对比提供了参考资料。 相似文献
11.
基于ASTER光谱特征的科技廊带岩性填图:以新疆塔什库尔干地区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
科技廊带填图是以解决关键地质问题为目的填图方式,但部分地区海拔高差大,交通不便,给填图工作造成巨大困难。遥感岩性解译可为填图工作提供重要参考。然而,当前主流的遥感岩性解译方法仍是基于地貌纹理等间接解译标志开展的。相对而言,矿物岩石光谱特征作为最为直接和准确的遥感岩性解译标志却少有实例报道。本文基于ASTER遥感影像和岩石光谱特征分析,对部分地区海拔高差较大的新疆塔什库尔干地区进行岩性解译工作,以检验其适用性。在野外工作对研究区岩性类型进行识别和鉴定的基础上,ASTER光谱分析成果影像可较准确显示区内主要岩性类型的地表出露。其中,ASTER热红外波段比可反映区内中高级变质岩、花岗岩类及碳酸盐岩的整体分布特征;在此基础上,ASTER可见光-近红外及短波红外波段比可准确鉴定与Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)-硅酸盐、Al-OH、Mg-OH等成分相关的矿物组成(如绿泥石、白云母及石榴子石等),从而对地表岩性出露进行更为细致的识别和分类。研究结果表明基于ASTER光谱特征的岩性填图方法在新疆、西藏等地区有天然的实用性,既可克服区内海拔高、交通不便等困难,又可准确指示地表关键岩性类型的出露情况,可作为科技廊带填图及地质研究工作的重要手段。 相似文献
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新疆乌什北山填图试点项目充分发挥遥感技术的先导作用,探索1:50000高山峡谷区填图方法。不同分辨率遥感数据在岩性、构造解译等方面的差异表明多源遥感数据综合解译能有效提高解译程度。研究认为同一遥感数据最佳波段组合图像、Landsat-8和Worldview-2数据协同图像增强了对岩性和构造识别的能力。高光谱遥感矿物填图和岩性分类、基于ASTER热红外遥感数据的岩石化学成分填图等是高山峡谷区填图有效技术方法。利用ETM和ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变信息提取,结果表明ASTER较ETM数据在铁染异常、羟基异常等提取方面具有更大的优势。分析认为多元信息综合预测是区域找矿的重要途径。根据乌什北山地质地貌特征,选择其中有效技术方法或技术方法组合开展1:50000地质填图,结果显示在减少剖面测制和路线地质调查数量的同时,达到了填图精度,并取得了若干重要研究成果,为区域构造演化和成矿规律分析总结提供了资料支撑。 相似文献
13.
We identified geological units in the Francistown area in northeastern Botswana by using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) thermal infrared (TIR) data, which contains both surface temperature and spectral emissivity information. A scatter plot of ASTER L1B daytime TIR digital values and L2 daytime temperature indicates that in the ASTER L1B daytime TIR data, bands 10, 11, and 12 contain spectral emissivity and temperature information, whereas surface temperature dominates the spectral emissivity information in bands 13 and 14. Visual interpretation of the ASTER TIR false color composite (FCC) images generated by assigning red, green, and blue to band 14:band 12:band 10 using L1B daytime data allowed us to identify mafic-to-ultramafic units and quartz-rich felsic units. Mafic-to-ultramafic units such as gabbro, dolerite, and dunite appear white in ASTER L1B daytime TIR FCC images due to their high spectral emissivities in the 8–9 μm region (bands 10 and 12) and high surface temperatures. Mafic-to-ultramafic units have higher surface temperatures than other geological units because they absorb more solar radiation due to their lower albedos and they have a lower thermal inertia. Quartz-rich felsic units such as granite and dry river sand appear reddish in the ASTER L1B daytime TIR FCC image because the spectral emissivity of quartz is lower in the 8–9 μm region (bands 10 and 12) than in the 10–12 μm region (band 14). Mafic-to-ultramafic and granitic units are important targets for mineral exploration because they are potential geological units to host or accompany mineralization. The proposed ASTER L1B daytime TIR FCC images can be prepared very simply and they provide valuable information for geological mapping and mineral exploration. 相似文献
14.
This study is an attempt to understand the application of spectral image processing methods to ASTER data for mapping host rock associated with porphyry copper-molybdenum mineralization. The application of remote sensing in identifying variations in surface mineralogy, structural elements, and lithologic contacts can help in identifying such relations. Signatures collected from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data is used to map the host rock of Zafarqand area. The study area is located in the central segment of the Urumieh–Dokhtar volcanic belt of Iran. The Urumieh-Dokhtar is a potential zone for exploration of new porphyry copper deposits. Band ratio, band math, false colour composites and principal component analysis techniques are used to refine the different lithologic units in the area. These methods showed the discrimination of acidic igneous rock from intermediate igneous rock and the boundary between igneous rocks using the shortwave infrared bands (SWIR) of ASTER at regional scale. Results have proven to be effective and in accordance with the results of field observations, ore microscopy examination and with reference geological map. In conclusion, the image processing methods used can provide cost-effective information to discover possible locations of porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization prior to detailed and costly ground investigations. The extraction of spectral information from ASTER data can produce comprehensive and accurate information for copper and gold resource investigations around the world, including those yet to be discovered. 相似文献
15.
运用LANDSAT ETM+和ASTER数据进行岩性分类 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文评价了运用ASTER和LANDSAT ETM+数据进行岩性制图的性能。分别利用ASTER数据不同波段区图像及其组合,以及ETM+数据进行岩性分类,并探讨了将ASTER和ETM+数据叠加在一起进行了岩性分类; 利用现有地质图对所有分类结果进行了定量评价。结果表明,ASTER数据不同波段的岩性识别能力不同,并且较ETM+数据能更准确地识别岩性。更重要的是,把ASTER与ETM+数据结合在一起进行岩性分类,可获得比用任一数据单独分类更高的分类精度,表明二者的光谱特征具有一定的互补性。 相似文献
16.
Integration of ASTER and landsat TM remote sensing data for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in Neyriz ophiolite zone,south Iran 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alireza Eslami Majid Ghaderi Sankaran Rajendran Amin Beiranvand Pour Mazlan Hashim 《Resource Geology》2015,65(4):375-388
Chromite deposits in Iran are located in the ophiolite complexes, which have mostly podiform types and irregular in their settings. Exploration for podiform chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes has been a challenge for the prospectors due to tectonic disturbance and their distribution patterns. Most of Iranian ophiolitic zones are located in mountainous and inaccessible regions. Remote sensing approach could be applicable tool for choromite prospecting in Iranian ophiolitic zones with intensely rugged topography, where systematic sampling and conventional geological mapping are limited. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data were used for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in the Neyriz ophiolitic zone in the south of Iran. Image transformation techniques, namely decorrelation stretch, band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to Landsat TM and ASTER data sets for lithological mapping at regional scale. The RGB decorrelated image of Landsat TM spectral bands 7, 5, and 4, and the principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 image of ASTER SWIR spectral bands efficiently showed the occurrence of major lithological units in the study area at regional scale. The band ratios of 5/3, 5/1, 7/5 applied on ASTER VNIR‐SWIR bands were very useful for discriminating most of rock units in the study area and delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was implemented to ASTER VNIR‐SWIR spectral bands for detecting minerals of rock units and especially delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite as potential zones with high chromite mineralization in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. The integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms used in this study mapped most of lithological units of the Neyriz ophiolitic complex and identified potential areas of high chromite mineralization (transition zone and mantle harzburgite) for chromite prospecting targets in the future. Furthermore, image processing results were verified by comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis in the study area. Accordingly, result of this investigation indicate that the integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms using Landsat TM and ASTER data sets could be broadly applicable tool for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in mountainous and inaccessible regions such Iranian ophiolitic zones. 相似文献
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Adel Zein Bishta 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(23):755
Multispectral, multiresolution remotely sensed data were processed to emphasize geological interpretation of Jabal Daf-Wadi Fatima area. The investigated area is situated in the central western part of Saudi Arabia and geologically consists of igneous and metamorphosed rocks overlain by sedimentary sequence belonging to the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Three sets of digital satellite data, Landsat-7 ETM+, ASTER, and SPOT-5, were used in this study. The application of image processing techniques enables to identify and delineate the lithologic units and the structural features of the study area. The results of this study indicate that the confusion matrix of the three maximum likelihood supervised classifications of the three datasets shows that the Landsat ETM+ bands scored the best degree of average and overall accuracy (77 and 78%, respectively). This classification distinguishes most of the rock units for mapping in the investigated area. The supervised classification of ASTER and SPOT bands has lower degrees of accuracy than the classified Landsat data. The supervised classification of SPOT bands has a degree of average and overall accuracy of 66 and 67%, respectively, but it is the best for distinguishing the spectral signatures of the different members of Fatima Formation (lower, middle, and upper members). The statistical analyses of the confusion matrices of classifications and the interpretation of the produced classified thematic maps revealed that the classification accuracy does not necessary depend on the spatial resolution of satellite data. The data of the highest spatial resolution such as SPOT data are also very useful in emphasizing and classifying the rock units of a small outcrop area. The detailed geological map of Jabal Daf-Wadi Fatima area is interpreted in this work from supervised classified images of different resolutions as well as the structure map of this area. This study shows that it is preferable to use the supervised classifications of multiresolution data for rock unit discrimination in detailed field mapping. 相似文献
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Anis Gasmi Cécile Gomez Hédi Zouari Antoine Masse Danielle Ducrot 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(20):753
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the discrimination of geological formations and the generation of geological map in the northern margin of the Tunisian desert. The nine ASTER bands covering the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral regions (wavelength range of 400–2500 nm) have been treated and analyzed. As a first step of data processing, crosstalk correction, resampling, orthorectification, atmospheric correction, and radiometric normalization have been applied to the ASTER radiance data. Then, to decrease the redundancy information in highly correlated bands, the principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied on the nine ASTER bands. The results of PCA allow the validation and the rectification of the lithological boundaries already published on the geologic map, and gives a new information for identifying new lithological units corresponding to superficial formations previously undiscovered. The application of a supervised classification on the principal components image using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm shows good correlation with the reference geologic map. The overall classification accuracy is 73 % and the kappa coefficient equals to 0.71. The processing of ASTER remote sensing data set by PCA and SVM can be employed as an effective tool for geological mapping in arid regions. 相似文献