共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
现代南极大陆冰缘地理地貌,形成于１８０００年以来全球气候变化,南极大陆冰盖的退缩,以及随后的大陆均衡抬升和海平面变化等过程。研究表明,在维斯德福尔特丘陵地,这一过程仍在继续,并导致该区许多海生盐湖自然环境和理化因子的改变,以及湖中生物的种群结构的变化和群落演替。本文通过对这些现象的剖析,阐明了南极大陆冰缘环境变迁的客观存在,为进一步研究南极乃至全球气候变化提供生态学佐证。 相似文献
3.
根据 1 999年 7月至 8月我国首次北极科学考察期间“雪龙”号考察船在楚科奇海 ( 66°0 .3′N75°1 8.6′N ,1 5 3°36.5′W 1 74°5 9.5′W )和白令海 ( 5 5°5 9.8′N66°0 .3′N ,1 73°2 1 .1′E1 75°5 3.9′W)采集的 5 1份网采样品和 2 4份水采样品 ,鉴定浮游植物 3个门类 38属 1 2 1种 (含变种和变型 ) ,都是真核藻类。其中楚科奇海有 33属 1 0 3种 ,白令海有 2 5属 71种 ,两海区共有种 49种。这些种类可分为 4个生态类群 :( 1 )北极类群 ;( 2 )北极、亚北极北方类群 ;( 3)北方温带类群 ;( 4 )世界性广温类群等。主要优势种有楚科奇海的格鲁菱形藻 (Nitzschiagrunowii)、诺登海链藻(Thalassiosiranordenskioldi)和聚生角毛藻 (Chaetocerossocialis)等和白令海的西氏细齿状藻(Denticulaseminae)、柔弱菱形藻 (Nitzschiadilicatissima)、成列菱形藻 (N .seriata)和长海毛藻(Thalassiothrixlongissima)等。楚克奇海浮游植物的平均丰度 ( 8.32× 1 0 7个 /m3)远高于白令海( 1 .5 8× 1 0 6个 /m3)。文中还讨论了调查区浮游植物的分布特点及其与环境的关系。 相似文献
4.
陈萱 《地理与地理信息科学》1987,(4)
河北省位于华北大平原的北部,界于东经113°27′～ 119°45′和北纬36°05′～42°37′之间。全省总面积为187693平方公里,其中山地70194平方公里,占37.40％,坝上高原24343平方公里,占12.97％;丘陵9068平方公里,占4.83％;平原57223平方公里,占30.49％;盆地和湖泊洼地各占12.10％和2.21％。 河北省地形复杂多样,类型齐全。地处中纬度,背山面海,气候上属于温带大陆性季风气候。冬季寒冷降水少,夏季炎热多雨,气温变化剧烈。大部分地区年降水量在400—600毫米之间,年内分配很不均匀,年雨量的80％左右集中在夏季七、八、九三个月,冬、春季降水量很少 相似文献
5.
对生态地理学的概念进行了详细讨论和辨析,并将它与相近学科如生物地理学、生态地理区划、宏生态学等进行了比较分析,界定了生态地理学的概念。研究认为：生态地理学是生态学和地理学的交叉学科,是研究生态系统各组分关系和生态过程的地理空间分布格局或/和时间演变规律及其与地理环境耦合机制的学科。生态地理学的目的是揭示不同环境梯度下或不同时间尺度上生态系统各组分关系和生态过程的普适性规律及其成因。同时,结合国内外野外实验平台介绍,在全球变化等研究领域列举了经典案例进行分析：① 全球不同气候带森林凋落物分解和碳汇功能的研究;② 中国不同陆地生态系统碳通量和碳汇功能研究;③ 中国东北样带和南北样带陆地生态系统的脆弱性与适应性研究;④ 中国北方草地样带尺度的生态系统生态学研究。主要目的是在辨析生态地理学概念的基础上指出未来发展方向,推动生态地理学的发展。 相似文献
6.
亚洲内陆干旱化是国际古环境研究的热点问题。巴丹吉林沙漠是亚洲内陆第二大流动沙漠,拥有世界最高大的风积地貌——沙山,是亚洲内陆干旱化研究的重要载体。沙山的形成演化与其所在沙漠的环境变迁有关,且真实地记录了区域与全球的气候变化。沙山形成过程研究应从区域地质和环境演化入手。本文从地质演化、环境演化、沙漠沉积、沙漠水文、沙山地貌和沙山形成发育等6个方面阐述了有关巴丹吉林沙漠的高大沙山、沙漠湖泊和沙漠自身的形成演化。认为构造-气候事件是亚洲内陆干旱化的一级控制,地球运行轨道变化是二级控制。自新构造运动始至其趋缓,构造-气候事件始终是巴丹吉林沙漠环境气候的主控因素,地球运行轨道变化也起很大的作用。此时西风环流是中国北方沙漠带环境气候的主要驱动力。新构造运动趋缓后,地球运行轨道变化是中国北方沙漠带环境气候的主控因素,青藏高原对大气环流的影响逐渐显现,东亚季风环流是该地区环境气候的主要驱动力。古水说可以很好地解释沙漠湖泊水的来源问题,沙漠湖泊是通过浅层的地下水路依靠保存在地下的古水来相互补给的。宏观上沙漠湖泊是风蚀湖,高大沙山的维持与沙漠湖泊之间不存在必然的因果关系。风成说可以较好地解释沙山的成因。未来的重要研究方向之一是将沙山、沙漠及其演化一同进行研究,重建沙山和沙漠的演化历史,并探讨它们之间的关系。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Sea level change and environmental evolution of coastal lakes in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ecological and palaeoecological studies were carried out in a series of lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E) on eastern Antarctic continent. Dynamics types of the lakes in environmental geomorphology and physic chemistry, as well as features of biological community structures in different lakes were analyzed. Marine macro and micro fossils collected from the terraces and beaches surrounding these lakes and determined in 14 C radiocarbon ages to be the Late Pleistocene, were used as evidences to show the evolutionary processes of the lakes after sea level changes and transgressions since 18000 a B.P.. Basic modals of evolution for the lakes given in the paper could be regarded as not only explaining the history of environmental and ecological changes in VH lakes, and also reflecting of local environmental evolution in Antarctic region and global climate changes from past to present time. 相似文献
12.
Coastal region on the Antarctic continent, where it is under the influences both of ocean and ice sheet, as well as frequent human activities, could be considered as a fragile zone in Antarctic ecological environment. There are many lakes in coastal region, showing much differences from each other in physical-chemical features because of individual evolutionary history in their geographical environments, and suffering from different outside factors, such as climate changes and precipitation. Thus, it results in respective biological distribution and ecological structure in lakes. The present paper reports the results from the studies of chemical components, species distributions and community structures, which mainly consisted of planktons in lakes in the Vestfold Hills (68°38′S, 78°06′E), and the Larsemann Hills (69°30′S, 76°20′E), East Antarctica. It also treats the biological diversities and nutrient relationships of these different types of lakes. So as to provide more scientific basis for monitoring of climate changes and environmental protection in Antarctica. 相似文献
13.
Ecology features of coastal saline lakes related to environmental evolution in the area of Antarctic continental ice edge 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 １ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｃｏａｓｔｌｉｎｅｉｓａｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｅｔｒｅａｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｃｅｓｈｅｔｗｈｉｃｈｂｅｇａｎａｒｏｕｎｄ１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．．Ｉｃｅｆｒｅａｒｅａｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅＢｕｎｇｅｒＨｉｌｓ... 相似文献
14.
Marilén Fernández Svante Björck Barbara Wohlfarth Nora I. Maidana Ingmar Unkel Nathalie Van der Putten 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,50(4):433-446
Isla de los Estados (54° 45′S, 63° 10′–64° 46′W) lies east of the main island of Tierra del Fuego and is the southeastern-most point in Argentina. Because of its geographic position near the latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies and the strong influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the area is suitable for paleoecological and paleoclimate research. The island is not far north of the Subantarctic Front, which limits the northern boundary of the ACC. Paleoenvironmental study in this geographic location can shed light on past changes in atmospheric and marine circulation patterns. Diatom analysis of the lower part of a sediment sequence from Laguna Cascada (54° 45′ 51.3′′S, 64° 20′ 20.07′′W) enabled inference of changing lake conditions between 16 and 11.1 cal ka BP. Between 16 and 14.4 cal ka BP fragilarioid diatom species, often a pioneer group, dominated the record. Their presence shows seasonally open-water conditions from the onset of sedimentation. In zone II (14.4–12.8 cal ka BP), the dominance of planktonic/tychoplanktonic Aulacoseira spp. might represent longer ice-free periods and windier conditions, which would have kept this heavy species suspended in the water column. This period corresponds to the Antarctic Cold Reversal, when the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies were possibly centered on the latitudes of Tierra del Fuego, resulting in windy and wet conditions. Zone III (12.8–11.1 cal ka BP) is dominated by benthic diatom taxa that are mainly associated with peat and wetland vegetation. This suggests that climate conditions had become milder and less windy, favoring aquatic productivity and terrestrial vegetation development. This change in environmental conditions may have been a consequence of the southward movement of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies at the start of the Antarctic Holocene thermal optimum. 相似文献
15.
Climatic changes in the regions of Antarctic Great Wall Station,Southern Chile and South Georgia Island 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ＣｌｉｍａｔｉｃｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃＧｒｅａｔＷａｌＳｔａ┐ｔｉｏｎ，ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｌｅａｎｄＳｏｕｔｈＧｅｏｒｇｉａＩｓｌａｎｄＺｈａｏＪｕｎｌｉｎ（赵俊琳）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅ... 相似文献
16.
本文主要根据 1 990 /1 991年度中国南极考察队南大洋调查所获的探鱼仪的磷虾映像资料 ,经 WT- 2图像处理系统处理分析 ,结果表明 ,1 990 /1 991年度南极夏季 ,普里兹湾外海域 (6 2°- 6 9°S,6 8°- 1 0 8°E)的磷虾主要分布在 6 1°- 6 5°S,1 0 3°- 1 0 8°E海区 ,该海区的探鱼仪记录的磷虾群映像的面积占整个调查海区的 92 .3 2 %,磷虾群的分布水层主要在 3 0 - 6 0 m水层 ,在一天 2 4小时中 ,磷虾群映像面积的形心基本在 40 m层上下起伏 ,波动幅度约 1 0 m左右。在调查海区 (6 2°- 6 9°S,6 8°- 1 0 8°E)内 ,估算磷虾资源现存量为 2 2 0 0万吨 ,磷虾分布密度平均为 3 2 .5 t/km2。 相似文献
17.
南极大陆沿海地带是南极海、陆、冰的交集带,它同时受到来自海洋、大陆冰以及人类活动的影响,因而成为南极生态环境最脆弱的环节。存在于该地带的许多湖泊,因其各自的地理环境和发育过程,以及所受诸多外部因子如气候、降水等的不同影响,不同湖泊中水体的理化因子差异很大,由此造成湖泊中生物种类分布和生态结构的显著不同。本文报道了对南极大陆沿海维斯特福尔德丘陵和拉斯曼丘陵等地湖泊中以浮游生物为主体,各类生物的组成分布和群落结构进行考察研究的结果,并分析讨论了不同类型湖泊的生物多样性、生物营养结构及其与环境的关系,为深入研究全球气候变化对南极区域环境的影响,和制订南极生态环境保护决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Modelling diatom responses to climate induced fluctuations in the moisture balance in continental Antarctic lakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elie Verleyen Dominic A. Hodgson Wim Vyverman Donna Roberts Andrew McMinn Koenraad Vanhoutte Koen Sabbe 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(2):195-215
The water chemistry of lake systems on the edge of the Antarctic continent responds quickly to changes in the moisture balance. This is expressed as increasing salinity and decreasing lake water level during dry periods, and the opposite during wet periods. The diatom composition of the lakes also changes with these fluctuations in salinity and lake water depth. This is important, as their siliceous remains become incorporated into lake sediments and can provide long-term records of past salinity using transfer functions. In order to develop transfer functions, diatoms and water chemistry data were inter-calibrated from five different East Antarctic oases, namely the Larsemann Hills, the Bølingen Islands, the Vestfold Hills, the Rauer Islands and the Windmill Islands. Results indicate that salinity is the most important environmental variable explaining the variance in the diatom flora in East Antarctic lakes. In oligo- saline lakes the variance is mainly explained by lake water depth. This dataset was used to construct a weighted averaging transfer function for salinity in order to infer historical changes in the moisture balance. This model has a jack-knifed r2 of 0.83 and a RMSEP of 0.31. The disadvantage of this transfer function is that salinity changes in oligo-saline lakes are reconstructed inaccurately due to the edge effect and due to the low species turnover along the salinity gradient at its lower end. In order to infer changes in the moisture balance in these lakes, a second transfer function using weighted averaging partial least squares (with two components) for depth was constructed. This model has a jack-knifed r2 of 0.76 and a RMSEP of 0.22. Both transfer functions can be used to infer climate driven changes in the moisture balance in lake sediment cores from oligo-, hypo-, meso- and hyper-saline lakes in East Antarctic oases between 102–75°E. The transfer function for lake water depth is promising to track trends in the moisture balance of small freshwater lakes, where changes in shallow and deep-water sediments are readily reflected in changing diatom composition. 相似文献
19.
Louise Cromer John A. E. Gibson Sandra J. McInnes Janelle T. Agius 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):143-150
Remains of tardigrades have rarely been reported to preserve in sediments, resulting in the absence of important ecological
and biogeographic information that they could provide. However, a study of faunal microfossils in Antarctic lake sediment
cores has shown that tardigrade eggs and occasionally exuvia can be abundant. Eggs from at least five tardigrade species were
identified in sediment cores from six lakes from across the continent, with abundances up to 6,000 (g−1 dry wt.). It is likely that the cold temperatures and absence of benthic grazers in Antarctic lakes results in particularly
good preservation conditions, though it may also be a function of population density. The conservation of tardigrade eggs
and exuvia in lake sediments enables a better understanding of paleodistributions and effects of environmental changes for
this phylum that cannot otherwise be obtained. 相似文献