共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Yih-Min Wu Hiroo Kanamori Richard M. Allen Egill Hauksson 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):711-717
We explore a practical approach to earthquake early warning in southern California by determining a ground-motion period parameter τ c and a high-pass filtered displacement amplitude parameter Pd from the initial 3 s of the P waveforms recorded at the Southern California Seismic Network stations for earthquakes with M > 4.0. At a given site, we estimate the magnitude of an event from τ c and the peak ground-motion velocity ( PGV ) from Pd . The incoming three-component signals are recursively converted to ground acceleration, velocity and displacement. The displacements are recursively filtered with a one-way Butterworth high-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 0.075 Hz, and a P -wave trigger is constantly monitored. When a trigger occurs, τ c and Pd are computed. We found the relationship between τ c and magnitude ( M ) for southern California, and between Pd and PGV for both southern California and Taiwan. These two relationships can be used to detect the occurrence of a major earthquake and provide onsite warning in the area around the station where onset of strong ground motion is expected within seconds after the arrival of the P wave. When the station density is high, the methods can be applied to multistation data to increase the robustness of onsite early warning and to add the regional warning approach. In an ideal situation, such warnings would be available within 10 s of the origin time of a large earthquake whose subsequent ground motion may last for tens of seconds. 相似文献
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Mark A. Riedesel Duncan Agnew Jon Berger Freeman Gilbert 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,62(2):457-471
Summary. Using nine IDA records for the Indonesian earthquake of 1977 August 19, we have formed an optimal linear combination of the records and have measured the frequency and Q of 0 S 0 and 1 S 0 . The frequency was measured using the moment ratio method. The attenuation was measured by the minimum width method and by the time-lapse method. The frequency and attenuation were measured simultaneously by varying them to obtain a best fit to the data. A 2000-hr stack, the sum of nine individual records, for 0 S 0 gave a frequency of 0.814664 mHz±4 ppm. The values for the Q of 0 S 0 for the three different methods of measurement were 5600,5833 and 5700, respectively. The error in the estimates of Q -1 is about 5 per cent for the minimum power method. For 1 S 0 a 300-hr stack yielded a frequency of 1.63151 mHz±30 ppm. The values of Q for this mode were 1960, 1800 and 1850, respectively, with an error in Q -1 of about 12 per cent for the minimum power method. 相似文献
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Jean Goslin Jean-Louis Thirot Olivier Noël & Jean Francheteau 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,135(2):700-710
Among the mantle hotspots present under oceanic areas, a large number are located on—or close to—active oceanic ridges. This is especially true in the slow-spreading Atlantic and Indian oceans. The recent availability of worldwide gravity grids and the increasing coverage of geochemical data sets along active spreading centres allow a fruitful comparison of these data with global geoid and seismic tomography models, and allow one to study interactions between mantle plumes and active slow-spreading ridges. The observed correlations allow us to draw preliminary conclusions on the general links between surficial processes, which shape the detailed morphology of the ridge axes, and deeper processes, active in the upper mantle below the ridge axial domains as a whole. The interactions are first studied at the scale of the Atlantic (the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from Iceland to Bouvet Island) from the correlation between the zero-age free-air gravity anomaly, which reflects the zero-age depth of the ridge axis, and Sr isotopic ratios of ridge axis basalts. The study is then extended to a more global scale (the slow ridges from Iceland to the Gulf of Aden) by including geoid and upper-mantle tomography models. The interactions appear complex, ranging from the effect of large and very productive plumes, almost totally overprinting the long-wavelength segmentation pattern of the ridge, to that of weaker hotspots, barely marking some of the observables in the ridge axial domain. Intermediate cases are observed, in which hotspots of medium activity (or whose activity has gradually decreased) located at some distance from the ridge axis produce geophysical or geochemical signals whose variation along the axis can be correlated with the geometry of the plume head in the upper mantle. Such observations tend to preclude the use of a single hotspot/ridge interaction model and stress the need for additional observations in various plume/ridge configurations. 相似文献
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G. F. Gentile G. Bressan L. Burlini & R. De Franco 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,141(2):457-478
3-D images of P velocity and P - to S -velocity ratio have been produced for the upper crust of the Friuli area (northeastern Italy) using local earthquake tomography. The data consist of 2565 P and 930 S arrival times of high quality. The best-fitting V P and V P / V S 1-D models were computed before the 3-D inversion. V P was measured on two rock samples representative of the investigated upper layers of the Friuli crust. The tomographic V P model was used for modelling the gravity anomalies, by converting the velocity values into densities along three vertical cross-sections. The computed gravity anomalies were optimized with respect to the observed gravity anomalies. The crust investigated is characterized by sharp lateral and deep V P and V P / V S anomalies that are associated with the complex geological structure. High V P / V S values are associated with highly fractured zones related to the main faulting pattern. The relocated seismicity is generally associated with sharp variations in the V P / V S anomalies. The V P images show a high-velocity body below 6 km depth in the central part of the Friuli area, marked also by strong V P / V S heterogeneities, and this is interpreted as a tectonic wedge. Comparison with the distribution of earthquakes supports the hypothesis that the tectonic wedge controls most of the seismicity and can be considered to be the main seismogenic zone in the Friuli area. 相似文献
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Summary. Twenty-two plateau ages obtained by the 40 Ar/39 Ar step-heating method span most of the time of formation of eastern Iceland. With one exception the dates are consistent with the stratigraphy, the exception having a very unusual argon release pattern. It is concluded that the 40 Ar/39 Ar step-heating method can give correct dates on hydrothermally altered samples the total fusion ages of which are not correct; however, it is not possible to conclude from the results obtained that the method is inherently more accurate than the conventional method using carefully selected samples.
Though it is known from geological evidence that minor irregularities of spreading have occurred the results show that, within the resolution of the dates, spreading has been steady and symmetrical; in particular, neither a large eastward jump nor repetitive westward jumps can have occurred. The average half spreading rate for the period 2Myr to 12 Myr ago was 0.78 ± 0.16 cm yr-1 . 相似文献
Though it is known from geological evidence that minor irregularities of spreading have occurred the results show that, within the resolution of the dates, spreading has been steady and symmetrical; in particular, neither a large eastward jump nor repetitive westward jumps can have occurred. The average half spreading rate for the period 2Myr to 12 Myr ago was 0.78 ± 0.16 cm yr-
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The Nova Basin contains an upper Miocene to Pliocene supradetachment sedimentary succession that records the unroofing of the Panamint metamorphic core complex, west of Death Valley, California. Basin stratigraphy reflects the evolution of sedimentation processes from landslide emplacement during basin initiation to the development of alluvial fans composed of reworked, uplifted sections of the basin fill. 40 Ar/39 Ar geochronology of volcanic units in middle and lower parts of the sequence provide age control on the tectonic and depositional evolution of the basin and, more generally, insights regarding the rate of change of depositional environments in supradetachment basins. Our work, along with earlier research, indicate basin deposition from 11.38 Ma to 3.35 Ma. The data imply sedimentation rates, uncorrected for compaction, of ~100 m Myr−1 in the lower, high-energy part to ~1000 m Myr−1 in the middle part characterized by debris-flow fan deposition. The observed variation in sediment flux rate during basin evolution suggests that supradetachment basins have complex depositional histories involving rapid transitions in both the style and rate of sedimentation. 相似文献