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1.
The dynamic shear behavior of rock joints is significant to both rock engineering and earthquake dynamics. With the discrete element method (DEM), the dynamic direct-shear tests on the rough rock joints with 3D (sinusoidal or random) surface morphologies are simulated and discussed. Evolution of the friction coefficient with the slip displacement shows that the 3D DEM joint model can accurately reproduce the initial strengthening, slip-weakening, and steady-sliding responses of real rock joints. Energy analyses show that the strengthening and weakening behavior of the rock joint are mainly attributed to the rapid accumulation and release of the elastic energy in the joint. Then, effects of the surface roughness and the normal stress on the friction coefficient and the micro shear deformation mechanisms, mainly volume change and asperity damage, of the rock joint are investigated. The results show that the peak friction coefficient increases logarithmically with the increasing surface roughness, but decreases exponentially with the increasing normal stress. In addition, the rougher rock joint exhibits both higher joint dilation and asperity degradation. However, high normal stress constrains the joint dilation, but promotes the degree of asperity degradation significantly. Lastly, the effects of the 3D surface morphology on the shear behavior of the rock joint are investigated with a directional roughness parameter. It is observed that the anisotropy of the surface roughness consequently results in the variation of the peak friction coefficient of the joint corresponding to different shearing directions as well as the micro shear deformation mechanisms, e.g., the extent of joint dilation. 相似文献
2.
A Constitutive Model for Shear Behavior of Rock Joints Based on Three-Dimensional Quantification of Joint Roughness 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jung-Wook Park Yong-Ki Lee Jae-Joon Song Byung-Hee Choi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1513-1537
A new constitutive model to describe the shear behavior of rock joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant normal load (CNL) conditions is proposed. The model was developed using an empirical approach based on the results of a total of 362 direct shear tests on tensile fractured rock joints and replicas of tensile joints and on a new quantitative roughness parameter. This parameter, the active roughness coefficient C r, is derived from the features of the effective roughness mobilized at the contact areas during shearing. The model involves a shear strength criterion and the relations between stresses and displacements in the normal and shear directions, where the effects of the boundary conditions and joint properties are considered by the shape indices C d and C f. The model can be used to predict the shear behavior under CNS as well as CNL conditions. The shear behavior obtained from the experimental results is generally in good agreement with that estimated by the proposed model, and the effects of joint roughness, initial normal stress, and normal stiffness are reasonably reflected in the model. 相似文献
3.
4.
大型岩质滑坡往往伴随热效应, 热效应引起的摩擦系数降低可以用来解释高速远程现象。为了研究岩体结构面剪切破坏后表面热量产生特征, 首先, 分别利用红外热成像仪和三维激光扫描仪对直剪试验破坏后的结构面表面进行拍摄与扫描, 得到其表面温度分布与精细几何信息。然后, 利用数学统计方法获取剪切破坏后结构面表面温度分布情况; 利用改进的2D divider方法获得结构面表面三维模型的分形维数, 进行粗糙度评价。最后, 结合直剪试验正向应力数据, 分析岩体结构面剪切破坏后表面平均温度与其所受正应力以及粗糙程度两参数之间的拟合关系。结果显示:滑坡启程阶段(低速剪切)破坏中(1)岩体结构面表面粗糙程度影响剪切过程中热量的产生, 表面越粗糙, 产生的热量越多, 并且热量主要集中在结构面表面凸起部位; (2)岩体结构面所承受的正压力影响剪切过程中热量的产生, 正应力越大, 产生的热量越多; (3)岩体结构面表面粗糙度对剪切破坏热量产生的影响较所受正应力略大。研究成果为大型岩质滑坡破坏过程中的能量研究提供了技术参数与理论支持。 相似文献
5.
Eun-Soo Hong Tae-Hyuk Kwon Ki-Il Song Gye-Chun Cho 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(1):3-17
The present study explores the degradation characteristics and scale of unevenness (small-scale roughness) on sheared rock joint surfaces at a low-stress regime. While the degradation characteristics of unevenness and the normal stress are mutually interrelated, an understanding of the degradation patterns of the three-dimensional roughness of rock joints is one of the important components needed to identify asperity failure characteristics and to quantify the role of damaged unevenness in establishing a shear strength model. A series of direct shear tests was performed on three-dimensional artificial rock joint surfaces at different normal stress levels. After shearing, the spatial distributions and statistical parameters of degraded roughness were analysed for the different normal stress levels. The length and area of the degraded zones showed bell-shaped distributions in a logarithmic scale, and the dominant scale (or the most frequently occurring scale) of the damaged asperities (i.e., unevenness) ranged from approximately, 0.5 to 5.0 mm in length and 0.1–10 mm2 in area. This scale of the damaged unevenness was consistent regardless of the level of normal stress. It was also found that the relative area of damaged unevenness on a given joint area, and thus the contribution of the mechanical asperity failure component to shear strength increased as normal stress increased. 相似文献
6.
Barton剪切强度模型是目前工程实践中普遍采用的强度公式,而实践应用时,该模型中结构面粗糙性系数（JRC）的评估存在主观性和片面性的缺点。鉴于此,应用多重分形理论,提出了采用多重分形参数准确量化JRC的方法。首先应用数字图像处理技术获取了结构面三维形貌数据信息;然后采用投影覆盖法进行了结构面的分形维数计算,重点对结构面的多重分形特征进行了分析,通过对比分析了构造的15个结构面的多重分形特征值。结果表明：结构面越粗糙,多重分形特征参数 和 值越大, 或 能够很好地描述结构面的形貌特征。最后对9组石膏试件进行了剪切试验,通过不同正应力下对应的剪应力数据分析,结合结构面形貌多重分形参数 或 ,以Barton剪切强度公式为基础,应用最小二乘法原理,给出了JRC与 及JRC与 关系。这样在工程实际中,可以用参数 或 对JRC进行估算,克服了JRC人为估值主观性及采用二维标准轮廓线评估片面性的缺点,为准确评估结构面粗糙度提供了一条新的途径。在此基础上,应用Barton模型可准确估算岩体结构面的剪切强度。 相似文献
7.
New Peak Shear Strength Criterion of Rock Joints Based on Quantified Surface Description 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
Cai-Chu Xia Zhi-Cheng Tang Wei-Min Xiao Ying-Long Song 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):387-400
The prime objective of this work is to improve our understanding of the shear behavior of rock joints. Attempts are made to relate the peak shear strength of rock joints with its three-dimensional surface morphology parameters. Three groups of tensile joint replicas with different surface morphology are tested with direct shear tests under constant normal load (CNL) conditions. Firstly, the three-dimensional surface characterization of these joints is evaluated by an improved roughness parameter before being tested. Then, a new empirical criterion is proposed for these joints expressed by three-dimensional quantified surface roughness parameters without any averaging variables in such a way that a rational dilatancy angle function is used instead of ${\text{JRC}} \cdot \log_{10} \left( {{{\text{JCS}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{JCS}} {\sigma_{\text{n}} }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\sigma_{\text{n}} }}} \right)$ by satisfying the new peak dilatancy angle boundary conditions under zero and critical-state normal stress (not physical infinite normal stress). The proposed criterion has the capability of estimating the peak shear strength at the laboratory scale and the required roughness parameters can be easily measured. Finally, a comparison among the proposed criterion, Grasselli’s criterion, and Barton’s criterion are made from the perspective of both the rationality of the formula and the prediction accuracy for the three groups of joints. The limitations of Grasselli’s criterion are analyzed in detail. Another 37 experimental data points of fresh rock joints by Grasselli are used to further verify the proposed criterion. Although both the proposed criterion and Grasselli’s criterion have almost equal accuracy of predicting the peak shear strength of rock joints, the proposed criterion is easier and more intuitive from an engineering point of view because of its Mohr–Coulomb type of formulation. 相似文献
8.
Underestimation of roughness in rough rock joints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Numerous studies have been made to improve Barton's shear strength model for the quantification of rock joints. However, in these previous studies, the roughness and shear strength of the rock joint have been underestimated especially for relatively high undulated profiles (joint roughness coefficient (JRC) >14). The main factors of roughness underestimation in rough rock joints are investigated for the proper quantification of rock joint roughness. The aliasing effect and the roughness characteristics are analyzed by using artificial joint profiles and natural rock joint profiles. A 3D camera scanner is adopted to verify the main source of underestimation when using conventional measurement methods. Shear strength tests are carried out by using two types of shear apparatus to study the roughness mobilization characteristics, which may also affect the roughness underestimation. The results of joint roughness assessment, such as aliasing and undulation of waviness, show that the roughness can be underestimated in relatively rough joint profiles (JRC>14). At least two components of roughness parameters are needed to properly represent the joint roughness, for example, the amplitude and the inclination angle of joint asperity. Roughness mobilization is affected by both the normal stress and the asperity scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
微震、工程爆破等低应力循环剪切荷载作用对节理岩体工程失稳破坏具有重要影响。为研究峰前循环剪切加卸载作用下岩石节理剪切力学特性,采用RDS-200型岩石节理剪切试验系统对人工劈裂黄砂岩节理进行了峰前循环剪切下的直剪试验。通过与未进行峰前循环剪切加卸载时岩石节理力学参数预测值对比,得到峰前循环剪切加卸载作用对峰前剪切刚度、峰值剪切强度、峰值剪切位移与残余剪切强度的影响。结果表明：（1）峰前循环剪切加卸载后,当法向应力为2 MPa时,岩石节理峰前剪切刚度增大,当法向应力为4～10 MPa时,岩石节理峰前剪切刚度在循环剪切应力幅值范围内增大,在超出循环剪切应力幅值时减小;（2）峰前循环剪切加卸载后,峰值剪切强度降低了10%～20%,降低百分比随法向应力增大整体呈对数函数增大;峰值剪切位移增加了2%～40%,增加百分比随法向应力增大整体呈对数函数减小;（3）峰前循环剪切加卸载后,岩石节理残余剪切强度无明显变化,峰值剪切强度与残余剪切强度差值减小,峰后剪切应力做功损失百分比降低。 相似文献
10.
工程开挖面附近卸荷扰动区的岩体,受结构面和拉应力共同影响作用,其变形和破坏具有拉剪复合特征。为研究节理岩体的拉剪力学特性,基于颗粒离散元法针对共面断续节理岩体开展了系列数值模拟研究。通过假设粒间接触的力学参数服从Weibull分布表征岩体的非均质性,探讨了非均质性、均质度、法向拉应力和节理连通率对节理岩体拉剪强度和破坏模式的影响。研究表明:拉剪应力条件下非均质性节理岩体主要沿阶梯型破裂面破坏,剪应力-水平位移曲线可以分为线性变形阶段、非线性变形阶段、峰值及峰后阶段;随均质度提高,节理岩体的剪切强度逐渐增加且提升幅度逐渐减弱,趋于均质岩体,岩体中微裂纹由弥散型分布向破裂面集中;节理岩体峰值剪切强度和法向拉应力的大小呈非线性负相关关系;岩体剪切强度随节理连通率增加而显著降低。 相似文献
11.
基于现有结构面剪切力学特性研究中对简单几何形态结构面研究多,天然形态结构面研究少,力学性质演化研究多,几何形态演化研究少的研究现状,通过巴西劈裂试验制备近天然形态岩石结构面,并采用模拟材料批量复制劈裂结构面试样的方法,开展循环荷载作用下岩石劈裂结构面的剪切力学特性演化规律与影响因素研究,分析法向应力、循环剪切次数、岩壁强度以及结构面粗糙度对循环剪切作用下岩体结构面力学特性和形貌特征的影响。最终通过在黏着摩擦理论-Barton经验公式中引入与循环剪切次数Nd有关的负指数假定劣化参数,提出了岩体结构面循环剪切强度公式。研究结果表明：法向应力、岩壁强度、结构面粗糙度越大,结构面的最大剪应力越大;法向应力、循环剪切次数、结构面粗糙度越大,岩壁强度越小,则归一化粗糙度参数越小。提出的循环剪切强度公式较好地验证了试验结果,可为工程安全设计提供理论参考。 相似文献
12.
相同形貌结构面重复性剪切试验和各向异性剪切试验一直是岩体结构面剪切力学特性试验研究中的难点,而该问题对于工程岩体的开挖力学响应和稳定性分析、评价与控制至关重要,问题的关键在于同一种岩石的结构面形貌的再现。为此,基于3D扫描和3D雕刻技术,重复制备了3种不同粗糙度的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向应力下相同形貌结构面的各向异性剪切试验。试验结果发现：（1）同一法向应力、不同剪切方向下,相同形貌结构面的剪切强度、剪胀和剪切破坏特征均呈现明显各向异性;（2）结构面粗糙度各向异性很大程度上决定了剪切强度的各向异性,两者具有较好的正相关性;（3）随着法向应力的升高,结构面剪切特征的各向异性有逐渐弱化的趋势。同时,研究还充分表明,3D雕刻技术是系统开展结构面剪切力学特征各向异性研究的可靠手段,可在将来研究中发挥更为重要的作用。 相似文献
13.
Study of rock joints under cyclic loading conditions 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
Summary A conceptual model for the behaviour of rock joints during cyclic shear and under constant normal stresses was proposed according to results from shear tests with 50 concrete replicas of rock joints. The shear strength and deformability of joint samples were found to be both anisotropic and stress dependent. Based on these experimental results, a two-dimensional constitutive model was developed for rock joints undergoing monotonic or cyclic loading sequences. The joint model was formulated in the framework of non-associated plasticity, coupled with empirical relations representing the surface roughness degradation, appearance of peak and residual shear stresses, different rates of dilatancy and contraction, variable normal stiffness with normal deformation, and dependence of shear strength and deformability on the normal stress. The second law of thermodynamics was represented by an inequality and used to restrict the values of some of the material parameters in the joint model. The new joint model was implemented into a two-dimensional Distinct Element Method Code, UDEC, and its predictions agreed well with some well-known test results. 相似文献
14.
岩石拉伸剪切破裂是一类特殊应力状态条件下的破裂形式,属于同时受垂直于破裂面的法向拉应力和平行于破裂面的剪应力作用的复合破裂模式。在研制的DSC-800电液伺服测控岩石拉伸剪切试验仪的基础上,进行了大量花岗闪长岩和砂岩的拉伸剪切试验,开展了配套的破裂断口三维激光扫描、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、岩石物理力学性质试验、颗粒流离散元（PFC）数值模拟等相关试验,利用分形理论研究了岩石拉剪破裂面特征,研究了岩石拉剪-压剪全区破裂准则、剪切速率对岩石拉剪破裂强度的影响,采用颗粒流离散元研究了岩石拉剪破裂过程。研究结论如下:（1）岩石拉剪破裂面的宏观与微观分形维数即粗糙度随着拉应力的增加而增大;（2）岩石的微观断裂形式是拉伸破坏和剪切破坏的结合。当拉应力较小时,岩石的微观断裂形式主要表现为剪切破坏,并且随着拉应力的增加,岩石的拉伸破坏形式表现得更加明显;（3）岩石在拉伸剪切区的破裂拉应力与剪应力成线性负相关关系,在拉伸剪切应力区的岩石破裂线斜率比压缩剪切区大,岩石在拉伸剪切应力条件下比压缩剪切应力条件下容易破裂;（4）在岩石拉伸剪切条件下,剪切速率与剪切强度成非线性反相关关系,随着剪切速率的增加,岩石拉剪破裂面粗糙度增加;（5）建立了岩石拉伸剪切PFC数值试验模型,模拟了岩石拉伸剪切破裂过程中的力链演化以及剪切速率对拉剪破裂面粗糙度的影响,获得了与实验室试验一致的结果。 相似文献
15.
Determination of Shear Strength and Three-dimensional Yield Strength for the Hoek-Brown Criterion 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
S. D. Priest 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2005,38(4):299-327
Summary. Most currently used techniques for analysing the stability of near surface structures, such as rock slopes, are based on the application of the effective Coulomb shear strength parameters cohesion c′, and the angle of friction φ′ on some known or anticipated shear surface subjected to an effective normal stress σ′n. The most widely used of these techniques are the variants of the method of slices and related upper bound techniques. If the Hoek-Brown criterion is to be used to model the strength of near surface fractured rocks, it is necessary to determine equivalent Coulomb shear strength parameters for the specified level of effective normal stress. Calculation of the equivalent Coulomb parameters for the Hoek-Brown criterion for cases when a ≠ 0.5 is not a straightforward matter. A simple procedure for calculating instantaneous values of c′i and φ′i has been developed based on spreadsheet calculations and the application of a numerical optimisation routine. This procedure can also be applied to calculating the Hoek-Brown envelope plotted in shear stress/normal stress space. A simple closed form solution for c′i and tan φ′i has also been developed for the special case when a = 1. A three-dimensional version of the Hoek-Brown criterion has been developed by combining it with the Drucker-Prager criterion. This new yield criterion has been implemented by numerical solution of the governing equations. A simplification of this three-dimensional yield criterion has been developed by introducing an intermediate principal stress weighting factor. Comparison with published results demonstrates that this simplified criterion has the capacity to model the results of true triaxial tests for a range of different rock types over a wide range of stress levels. The new three-dimensional yield criterion has the advantage that its input parameters can be determined from routine uniaxial compression tests and mineralogical examination. 相似文献
16.
通过室内大型直剪试验和基于PFC2D的颗粒离散元数值模型,探讨考虑块石破碎的土石混合料的剪切特性及块石破碎特征。以土石混合料室内大型直剪试验和筛分试验为基础,提出了一种能真实描述块石形态特征并准确反映块石破碎效应的土石混合料颗粒离散元数值建模方法,模拟并分析了6种含石量土石混合料在4种不同法向应力作用下的剪切特性及块石破碎特征。结果表明：土石混合料抗剪强度随含石量的增大而增大,且基本符合摩尔-库仑（M-C）强度准则,随着含石量增大,内摩擦角呈现“慢-快-慢”增长趋势,黏聚力则呈现先增后减再增大的变化趋势。剪切后土石混合料块石破碎形式可归纳为表面研磨、局部破碎、完全破裂、完全破碎4种方式。提出了一种新的颗粒破碎指标,该指标能够准确描述粒径大于5 mm的块石的破碎程度,其随含石量和法向应力的增大而增大。通过对土石混合料颗粒离散元数值模型剪切面的分析发现,剪切面出现“剪斜”现象,其起伏程度随含石量增大愈加明显,且随着含石量增大剪切面附近剪裂隙数量增多,土石混合料在剪切过程中的破坏为拉-剪混合破坏。 相似文献
17.
Rock joint modeling using a visco-plastic multilaminate model at constant normal load condition 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Reza Mahin Roosta Mohammad Hossein Sadaghiani Ali Pak Yaser Saleh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1449-1468
Rock joints play an important role in the behavior of rock masses under normal and shear loading conditions. Numerical simulation
of the behavior of jointed rock masses is not an easy task due to complexities involved in the problem such as joint roughness,
joint shear strength, hardening and softening phenomenon and mesh dependency. In this study for modeling purposes, a visco-plastic
multilaminate model considering hardening and softening effects has been employed. For providing the necessary data for numerical
simulation, a series of laboratory experiments have been carried out on regular tooth-shape asperities made by gypsum, under
constant normal load conditions. Shear stress–shear displacement and normal displacement–shear displacement of artificial
joint specimens are simulated using the proposed numerical model at constant normal load condition (CNL). The results indicate
the capability of the model for simulating rock joints behavior in both strength and deformation field. Although the numerical
model has been developed for simulating the behavior of artificial joints, the concept of the method can also be used for
natural rock joints. 相似文献
18.
Hangyu Dong Baohua Guo Yizhe Li Kai Si Long Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(3):1169-1183
The prime objective of this work is to provide a reference to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures. The paper studied some shear properties of rock fractures and proposed an empirical formula for the peak shear strength of rock fractures based on 3D morphology parameters. The rock fractures were induced in cylindrical sandstone and marble specimens by means of indirect tension. A rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200) was adopted to conduct direct shear tests on five groups of rock fractures under different levels of normal load. Before the direct shear test, 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. By analyses of direct shear test data, the relationships between peak shear strength, peak shear displacement, peak dilatancy angle, residual friction coefficient and peak normal stress were found. According to the evolution trends of peak shear strength and peak dilatancy angle along with the normal stress, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures in both sliding and cutting failure modes considering the 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces. The empirical formula could be commonly used for different types (sandstone and marble) and grain sizes (powder-grained, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained) of rock fractures. 相似文献
19.
为探究锚固节理在直剪加载作用下的细观力学响应,利用颗粒流数值计算方法建立不同锚固角度下的锚固节理数值模型,并进行不同法向荷载下的直剪试验。之后,通过分析和对比剪切-位移曲线和峰值剪切强度来对锚固节理宏观力学性质进行研究。与此同时,基于微裂纹分布规律,从细观角度揭示了剪切荷载下不同锚固角度的岩石节理面的破坏特征;研究结果显示。（1）不同于非锚固节理,锚固节理的剪切-位移曲线在剪切后期呈现出一定的增长趋势,且粗糙度不同曲线变化特征存在一定的差异。（2）不同锚固角度下,锚固节理的破坏模式存在着较为明显的差异。当锚固角为90°时,锚固节理模型的破坏主要集中于锚杆与上下节理面接触位置,且破坏主要为挤压式破坏。随着锚固角度的减小,接触位置的破碎区域不断减小,节理破坏主要表现为沿着锚杆的轴向拉伸变形破坏及内部的拉伸破坏。（3）锚固角度的变化对锚固节理的抗强度的影响程度与节理面的粗糙度存在一定关联。具体而言,较为平直节理抗剪强度随着锚固角度的增大,增长趋势明显,而粗糙节理面随着锚固角度的增大峰值抗剪强度的变化趋势相对较为平缓。 相似文献
20.
节理的剪切强度涉及到岩体工程的安全。通过CSS–342岩体剪切试验机对3组具有不同形貌特征的节理进行直剪试验,研究形貌对剪切强度的影响。试验结果表明：峰值剪切强度随法向应力和粗糙程度的增加而增加;但就相同的形貌而言,剪切应力与法向应力的比值减小,即由形貌产生的剪胀角随法向应力的增加而减小。通过分析剪胀角存在的边界条件,提出双曲线形式的剪胀角演化模型,并采用抗拉强度体现岩石的性质对节理剪切强度的影响。采用坡度均方根表征节理的三维形貌特征并提出相应的峰值剪切强度公式,与经典的Barton公式进行了比较,总体上新公式的计算值更为接近试验值。 相似文献