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1.
The variation of the shear strength of infilled rock joints under cyclic loading and constant normal stiffness conditions is studied. To simulate the joints, triangular asperities inclined at angles of 9.5° and 18.5° to the shear movement were cast using high-strength gypsum plaster and infilled with clayey sand. These joints were sheared cyclically under constant normal stiffness conditions. It was found that, for a particular normal stiffness, the shear strength is a function of the initial normal stress, initial asperity angle, joint surface friction angle, infill thickness, infill friction angle, loading direction and number of loading cycles. Based on the experimental results, a mathematical model is proposed to evaluate the shear strength of infilled rock joints in cyclic loading conditions. The proposed model takes into consideration different initial asperity angles, initial normal stresses and ratios of infill thickness to asperity height. 相似文献
2.
微震、工程爆破等低应力循环剪切荷载作用对节理岩体工程失稳破坏具有重要影响。为研究峰前循环剪切加卸载作用下岩石节理剪切力学特性,采用RDS-200型岩石节理剪切试验系统对人工劈裂黄砂岩节理进行了峰前循环剪切下的直剪试验。通过与未进行峰前循环剪切加卸载时岩石节理力学参数预测值对比,得到峰前循环剪切加卸载作用对峰前剪切刚度、峰值剪切强度、峰值剪切位移与残余剪切强度的影响。结果表明：（1）峰前循环剪切加卸载后,当法向应力为2 MPa时,岩石节理峰前剪切刚度增大,当法向应力为4～10 MPa时,岩石节理峰前剪切刚度在循环剪切应力幅值范围内增大,在超出循环剪切应力幅值时减小;（2）峰前循环剪切加卸载后,峰值剪切强度降低了10%～20%,降低百分比随法向应力增大整体呈对数函数增大;峰值剪切位移增加了2%～40%,增加百分比随法向应力增大整体呈对数函数减小;（3）峰前循环剪切加卸载后,岩石节理残余剪切强度无明显变化,峰值剪切强度与残余剪切强度差值减小,峰后剪切应力做功损失百分比降低。 相似文献
3.
通过直剪条件下的模型试验研究具有相同连通率、含不同起伏角的共面闭合节理在不同法向应力作用下的剪切变形特征。试验结果表明：在达到峰值剪切强度前,剪切应力-位移曲线具有明显的线性段与非线性段;岩桥在法向与剪切荷载的共同作用下会产生一定程度的弱化,积累到一定程度时宏观表现为剪切应力软化。详细阐述了试验过程中裂纹发展的4个阶段并描述了剪切应力-剪切变形曲线变化的特征,提出一个能反映剪切应力-剪切变形曲线全过程的经验本构模型。新模型采用分段函数描述曲线变化特征。直剪试验数据分析表明,该模型能够拟合剪切应力-剪切变形变化发展趋势且具有较高的拟合精度,验证了模型的正确性。最后,对其存在的不足亦进行了简要分析 相似文献
4.
为研究不同边界条件下剪切速率对岩石节理剪切力学特性的影响,采用RDS-200型岩石节理剪切试验系统对人工浇筑的具有相同节理形貌的不规则水泥节理试样进行了常法向应力和常法向刚度2种边界条件下5种剪切速率的直剪试验。结果表明：（1）常法向应力边界条件下,随剪切速率增大,相同法向应力下的类岩石节理峰前剪切刚度减速增大,峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度呈对数降低;随剪切速率增大,类岩石节理黏聚力减速增大,内摩擦角呈对数降低。（2）常法向刚度边界条件下,随剪切速率增大,相同法向应力的类岩石节理峰前剪切刚度减速增大,峰值剪切强度呈对数降低,较高法向应力下的残余剪切强度先增大后减小;随剪切速率增大,类岩石节理黏聚力呈对数降低,内摩擦角减速增大。（3）与常法向应力边界条件相比,常法向刚度条件下,节理黏聚力平均增加了115.85%,内摩擦角平均降低了8.44%;相同初始法向应力和剪切速率下,峰前剪切刚度、峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度分别平均增加了11.96%、19.47%和32.32%,峰值法向位移平均降低了40.12%。该研究结论可为不同剪切速率下地表和地下工程岩体节理的剪切失稳评价提供一定参考。 相似文献
5.
利用室内剪切试验装置,开展不同正应力、自然与饱水条件下岩体异性结构面的剪切试验,分析异性结构面的剪切变形和强度特性,利用JRC-JCS抗剪强度力学模型将试验结果与计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,（1）异性结构面的剪切变形曲线属于弹塑性残余变形类型。相比自然状态试件,饱水试件的弹性区减小,较早进入峰值区或塑性区;（2）异性结构面的剪切刚度均随法向力的增大而增大,但同一正应力下饱水试件的剪切刚度要小于自然状态的剪切刚度,在低法向力下尤为显著;（3）水对岩体异性结构面剪切强度参数有不同程度的弱化,尤其对内摩擦角 的劣化明显;（4）只要计算参数选取得当,并考虑实际岩体的受力及水等情况,JRC-JCS计算模型可以为实际工程岩体的结构面强度提供较为准确的参数。 相似文献
6.
为研究砂土充填对节理抗剪强度的影响,利用GCTS（RDS?200型）岩石剪切测试系统对4种不同摩擦系数砂土充填的粉晶大理岩节理进行了直剪试验。结果表明：相同法向应力下,未充填节理的峰值剪切应力大于充填节理的峰值剪切应力,说明砂土的存在降低了节理的剪切强度;由节理面三维形貌参数最大谷深 表征节理面粗糙程度,得到了未充填节理的峰值剪切强度公式,公式预测值与试验值基本吻合;得到了用充填砂土摩擦系数表达的充填节理峰值剪切强度公式,公式预测值与试验值较为吻合。研究结论对充填节理岩体稳定性评价具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
7.
岩体工程中,节理面的轮廓特征是决定节理岩体剪切特性的重要因素,既往研究发现节理的表面轮廓可分解为一阶大起伏和二阶小凸起,且两者在剪切特性中发挥不同的作用。为了定量分析两阶表面特征对节理剪切强度的影响,本文通过小波分析法分解节理表面,并利用二维颗粒流数值模拟结合直剪试验验证,研究了具有不同起伏角(4°、8°、12°、16°、20°)波形节理面的细观破坏模式以及波面参数对剪切特性的影响规律。结果表明,波长对剪切强度影响较小,而起伏角是决定节理剪切强度的关键因素,随着起伏角增大剪切强度和摩擦角线性增大; 直剪切过程中裂纹数量随法向应力的增大而增加,以拉伸裂纹为主; 一阶大起伏与二阶小凸起的波形起伏角和摩擦角正相关。以上研究成果为预测节理岩体强度提供了理论支撑,对保障边坡、隧道等岩体工程的安全稳定性具有参考价值。 相似文献
9.
This paper presents a review of recent developments made by the authors into the modelling of rock joints in direct shear. Careful observation of laboratory direct shear testing on concrete/rock joints containing two-dimensional roughness has allowed theoretical models of behaviour to be developed. The processes modelled include asperity sliding, asperity shearing, post-peak behaviour, asperity deformation and distribution of stresses on the joint interface. Model predictions compare extremely well with laboratory test results. These models were then applied to direct shear tests on rock/rock joints, and although behaviour in general was well predicted, the strength of rock/rock joints was over-predicted. Direct shear tests have also been carried out on samples containing both two- and three-dimensional roughness to test the accuracy of the two-dimensional approximation to roughness adopted in the theoretical models. 相似文献
10.
A new constitutive model to describe the shear behavior of rock joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant normal load (CNL) conditions is proposed. The model was developed using an empirical approach based on the results of a total of 362 direct shear tests on tensile fractured rock joints and replicas of tensile joints and on a new quantitative roughness parameter. This parameter, the active roughness coefficient C r, is derived from the features of the effective roughness mobilized at the contact areas during shearing. The model involves a shear strength criterion and the relations between stresses and displacements in the normal and shear directions, where the effects of the boundary conditions and joint properties are considered by the shape indices C d and C f. The model can be used to predict the shear behavior under CNS as well as CNL conditions. The shear behavior obtained from the experimental results is generally in good agreement with that estimated by the proposed model, and the effects of joint roughness, initial normal stress, and normal stiffness are reasonably reflected in the model. 相似文献
11.
利用人工材料浇注含二阶起伏体的模拟岩石节理试样,进行常法向荷载循环剪切试验,研究节理剪切力学特性在循环剪切过程中的劣化规律。试验结果表明：二阶起伏体对节理循环剪切力学特性有重要影响,剪切强度、剪切刚度、剪胀角随剪切循环次数增大而衰减,衰减趋势随着二阶起伏度的增大而加快;法向应力、二阶起伏度较大时,二阶起伏体对剪切力学特性的影响主要体现在第1轮剪切循环中,在随后的剪切循环中影响不明显;法向应力、二阶起伏度较小时,二阶起伏体的影响在前几轮循环剪切过程中均有较清晰的体现。基于Hertz接触力学理论,提出了节理面微凸体球面接触细观模型,揭示了节理循环剪切宏观试验现象的力学机制 相似文献
12.
岩石节理剪切变形对岩体工程的安全性和稳定性具有重要影响。为研究常法向应力下岩石节理剪切变形本构关系,采用RDS-200型岩石直剪仪对非规则砂岩节理进行了不同法向应力下的直剪试验。根据岩石节理剪切应力?位移全程曲线形状特征,将其依次划分为峰前压密阶段、线性阶段、屈服阶段和峰后软化阶段;根据剪切应力在峰后软化阶段降低幅度和速率大小,将岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线划分为3种类型：峰后平台型、峰后缓降型和峰后跌落型。基于岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线各阶段剪切变形特征,采用分段函数建立了岩石节理剪切变形本构模型。与其他模型相比,新提出的岩石节理剪切变形本构模型对试验数据拟合精度更高,更好地描述了岩石节理剪切应力?位移全程曲线。另外,在通过岩石节理直剪试验由经验公式确定模型参数之后,所提出本构模型可在不同法向应力下实现对不同粗糙度岩石节理剪切应力?位移曲线的预测。研究结果对岩石节理剪切变形的数值模拟和工程估计具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
13.
在黏结颗粒模型中引入强度弱化因子生成弱化介质材料,进行弱化模型试件的单轴抗压强度试验。结果表明,弱化作用在降低试件单轴抗压强度的同时,还将导致试件弹性模量逐步下降。这一结果符合相关室内试验的研究成果。为进一步对岩石强度弱化模拟方法进行效果检验,利用颗粒流程序内置的FISH语言建立弱化岩石节理直剪试验模型,进行不同法向应力条件下弱化岩石节理的直剪试验。结果表明：弱化节理模型试件表现出类似于真实节理的一系列宏观剪切力学特征;不同壁面弱化程度条件下,节理模型试件的抗剪强度及剪切峰值膨胀角的试验结果与法向应力的依存关系均符合经典的JRC-JCS模型。由此表明,所采用的岩石强度弱化模拟方法可以较好地再现岩石介质的强度弱化效应。通过模型试件内微裂纹发展演化特征的研究表明,壁面弱化作用可导致试件内裂纹发育数目的快速增长、微裂纹分布范围的迅速扩大,以及剪切裂纹发育比例的迅速提高,由此从细观角度揭示了弱化节理面更易于产生宏观剪切破坏的原因。研究成果可以为弱化岩石节理的抗剪强度及大型岩质边坡的稳定性研究提供参考。 相似文献
14.
Barton, N., 1973. Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints. Eng. Geol., 7: 287–332. The surface roughness of rock joints depends on their mode of origin, and on the mineralogy of the rock. Amongst the roughest joints will be those that formed in intrusive rocks in a tensile brittle manner, and amongst the smoothest the planar cleavage surface in slates. The range of friction angles exhibited by this spectrum will vary from about 75° or 80° down to 20° or 25°, the maximum values being very dependent on the normal stress, due to the strongly curved nature of the peak strength envelopes for rough unfilled joints. Direct shear tests performed on model tension fractures have provided a very realistic picture of the behaviour of unfilled joints at the roughest end of the joint spectrum. The peak shear strength of rough—undulating joints such as tension surfaces can now be predicted with acceptable accuracy from a knowledge of only one parameter, namely the effective joint wall compressive strength or JCS value. For an unweathered joint this will be simply the unconfined compression strength of the unweathered rock. However in most cases joint walls will be weathered to some degree. Methods of estimating the strength of the weathered rock are discussed. The predicted values of shear strength compare favourably with experimental results reported in the literature, both for weathered and unweathered rough joints. The shear strength of unfilled joints of intermediate roughness presents a problem since at present there is insufficient detailed reporting of test results. In an effort to remedy this situation, a simple roughness classification method has been devised which has a sliding scale of roughness. The curvature of the proposed strength envelopes reduces as the roughness coefficient reduces, and also varies with the strength of the weathered joint wall or unweathered rock, whichever is relevant. Values of the Coulomb parameters c and Φ fitted to the curves between the commonly used normal stress range of 5–20 kg/cm2 appear to agree quite closely with experimental results. The presence of water is found in practice to reduce the shear strength of rough unfilled joints but hardly to affect the strength of planar surfaces. This surprising experimental result is also predicted by the proposed criterion for peak strength. The shear strength depends on the compressive strength which is itself reduced by the presence of water. The sliding scale of roughness incorporates a reduced contribution from the compressive strength as the joint roughness reduces. Based on the same model, it is possible to draw an interesting analogy between the effects of weathering, saturation, time to failure, and scale, on the shear strength of non-planar joints. Increasing these parameters causes a reduction in the compressive strength of the rock, and hence a reduction in the peak shear strength. Rough—undulating joints are most affected and smooth—nearly planar joints least of all. 相似文献
15.
An infilled rock joint is likely to be the weakest plane in a rock mass. The presence of infill material within the joint significantly reduces the friction of the discontinuity boundaries (i.e. rock to rock contact of the joint walls). The thicker the infill, the smaller the shear strength of the rock joint. Once the infill reaches a critical thickness, the infill material governs the overall shear strength, and the joint walls (rock) play no significant role. Several models have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of soil-infilled joints under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions, taking into account the ratio of infill thickness ( t) to the height of the joint wall asperity ( a). CNS models provide a more realistic picture of the soil-infilled joint behaviour in the field. This paper presents a critical review on the existing mathematical models for predicting the shear strength of soil-infilled rock joint and verifies the normalised peak shear stress model with further laboratory investigations carried out on idealised saw-tooth rock joints at the University of Wollongong. Based on the prediction of the experimental data, the normalised peak shear stress model is slightly modified by the authors. A simplified approach for using this model in practice is presented and a new expression for prediction of dilatation at peak shear stress is suggested. 相似文献
16.
以水泥砂浆为相似材料,制备3种岩壁强度、5种起伏角度的锯齿型节理试样;利用试验设备,进行了在4种法向应力下的循环剪切试验。根据试验结果,结合循环剪切试验特点,定义剪胀角来表征节理循环剪切的法向变形特性,以及剪切刚度来表征节理循环剪切的切向变形特性。基于不同起伏角、不同强度等级和不同法向应力下的节理试样循环剪切试验结果,分析了循环剪切过程中剪胀角和剪切刚度的变化规律;并利用不同条件下的试验结果,对比分析初始起伏角度、法向应力、岩壁强度对节理循环剪切变形特性的影响规律。研究发现：剪胀角、剪切刚度均随着剪切循环次数的增加而呈现先快、后慢的降低趋势,并且中低起伏角度节理的剪胀角、剪切刚度的降低趋势随着初始起伏角度、法向应力的增加而加快,随着岩壁强度增加而变慢,高起伏角度节理的剪胀角、剪切刚度的降低趋势基本保持不变。 相似文献
17.
节理分布位置影响岩体综合抗剪强度,并控制“锁固段”型岩质边坡启动和破裂演化。通过模型试件剪切试验,分析了节理分布位置对岩体综合抗剪强度和破裂特征的影响程度。试件模型以水泥砂浆为材料,在剪切面不同位置预制封闭节理,使其成为四周密封、内部节理贯通的模型。在不同法向应力下进行剪切试验,测定综合抗剪强度变化规律和剪切破裂特征。试验结果表明:试样破裂面可分为翼部拉张区、翼部压剪区、端部拉张区三部分,各区面积所占比例随节理位置变化而波动。剪切强度参数也随节理位置变化而规律性波动,且法向应力越大,变化幅度越大。 相似文献
18.
节理岩体的剪切贯通机制影响着边坡的稳定性。为揭示锁固段型非贯通节理岩体在不同连通率和法向应力下的破坏特征,在室内直剪试验中结合高速摄影与AE特征参数分析其剪切全过程及剪胀效应。结果表明:节理岩体直剪试验中,法向应力的增大及节理连通率的下降会致使峰值剪切应力及峰值剪切位移增大;节理连通率与法向应力对其破坏特征具显著影响,表现为节理连通率较高且法向应力较小时呈直接剪断的特性,节理连通率降低后呈拉剪复合破坏,出现剪胀现象,而法向应力的增大使得剪胀效应呈波动现象;AE特征与岩桥贯通过程一致,事件数峰值随节理连通率的降低及法向应力的增大而增大且位于峰后。试验得到的岩桥细观破坏特征与剪胀效应对研究锁固段型岩质边坡的贯通破坏机制具指导意义。 相似文献
19.
为探究锚固节理在直剪加载作用下的细观力学响应,利用颗粒流数值计算方法建立不同锚固角度下的锚固节理数值模型,并进行不同法向荷载下的直剪试验。之后,通过分析和对比剪切-位移曲线和峰值剪切强度来对锚固节理宏观力学性质进行研究。与此同时,基于微裂纹分布规律,从细观角度揭示了剪切荷载下不同锚固角度的岩石节理面的破坏特征;研究结果显示。（1）不同于非锚固节理,锚固节理的剪切-位移曲线在剪切后期呈现出一定的增长趋势,且粗糙度不同曲线变化特征存在一定的差异。（2）不同锚固角度下,锚固节理的破坏模式存在着较为明显的差异。当锚固角为90°时,锚固节理模型的破坏主要集中于锚杆与上下节理面接触位置,且破坏主要为挤压式破坏。随着锚固角度的减小,接触位置的破碎区域不断减小,节理破坏主要表现为沿着锚杆的轴向拉伸变形破坏及内部的拉伸破坏。（3）锚固角度的变化对锚固节理的抗强度的影响程度与节理面的粗糙度存在一定关联。具体而言,较为平直节理抗剪强度随着锚固角度的增大,增长趋势明显,而粗糙节理面随着锚固角度的增大峰值抗剪强度的变化趋势相对较为平缓。 相似文献
20.
节理在固定法向压力刚度（CNS）条件下的剪切过程比较复杂,剪切中由于剪胀的存在使得法向压力增大,而法向压力的增加又限制了剪胀的发生。根据CNS剪切过程中某一瞬时状态下法向压应力大小,以节理在该法向压应力下法向剪胀位移与剪切位移的关系为基础,建立一个楔形物理模型。通过循环迭代求得CNS剪切过程中每一步的法向压应力值,进而得到整个过程的剪切应力值。通过该模型,讨论了节理各参数对CNS剪切过程的影响,结果表明,其剪切应力值受法向压应力刚度与节理法向变形参数共同协调控制（包括单轴压缩变形及剪胀角的磨损）,节理在剪切过程中越不易发生压缩变形,其剪切应力值越大。 相似文献
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