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1.
Bearing Capacity of Embedded Strip Footings on Cohesionless Soil Under Vertical and Horizontal Loads
Hadjer Yahia-Cherif Abdelhak Mabrouki Djamel Benmeddour Mekki Mellas 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):547-558
In the last decades a few attention was given to the evaluation of the bearing capacity of embedded footing under inclined loads on a frictional soil. This paper focuses on a numerical study using the finite-difference code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), to evaluate the bearing capacity of embedded strip footing on a frictional soil. The soil is modeled by an elasto-plastic model with a Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion and associative flow rule; the effect of non-associativity of the soil on the bearing capacity is also investigated. The effect of the embedment is estimated though a depth factor, defined as a ratio of the bearing capacity of a strip footing at a depth D to that of a strip footing at the ground surface. The inclination effect is estimated by inclination factors, defined as the ratio of the limit vertical load for a footing under inclined loading to that of the vertically loaded footing. Both swipe and probe analyses were carried out to identify the vertical force–horizontal force (V–H) failure envelope. The results have been compared with those available in the literature. 相似文献
2.
3.
The failure probability of geotechnical structures with spatially varying soil properties is generally computed using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) methodology. This approach is well known to be very time-consuming when dealing with small failure probabilities. One alternative to MCS is the subset simulation approach. This approach was mainly used in the literature in cases where the uncertain parameters are modelled by random variables. In this article, it is employed in the case where the uncertain parameters are modelled by random fields. This is illustrated through the probabilistic analysis at the serviceability limit state (SLS) of a strip footing resting on a soil with a spatially varying Young's modulus. The probabilistic numerical results have shown that the probability of exceeding a tolerable vertical displacement (P e) calculated by subset simulation is very close to that computed by MCS methodology but with a significant reduction in the number of realisations. A parametric study to investigate the effect of the soil variability (coefficient of variation and the horizontal and vertical autocorrelation lengths of the Young's modulus) on P e was presented and discussed. Finally, a reliability-based design of strip footings was presented. It allows one to obtain the probabilistic footing breadth for a given soil variability. 相似文献
4.
考虑参数和模型不确定性的基桩正常使用极限状态可靠度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考虑承载力计算模型和荷载不确定性,利用可靠度分析方法和概率统计理论,推导出承载能力极限状态（ULS）和正常使用极限状态（SLS）下可靠度指标的计算公式,给出了两种极限状态下可靠度指标间的线性关系式,研究了桩顶容许沉降 随机性对正常使用极限状态可靠度分析结果的影响。研究结果表明,土体类别和桩型对正常使用极限状态模型因子影响很小;正常使用极限状态下基桩可靠度指标随承载力计算模型和荷载不确定性的增大而减小,但减小幅度逐渐降低,且可靠度指标总变化量不大,工程应用中可忽略承载力计算模型和荷载不确定性在可靠度分析中的影响; 随机性对正常使用极限状态可靠性分析结果的影响很大,随 的增加,正常使用极限状态模型因子和可靠度指标逐渐增大,而模型因子变异性逐渐减小,但桩本身性质并没有任何改变,只是所允许的沉降条件不同。研究结果可为规范修订和工程应用提供参考。 相似文献
5.
工程中多采用基础上拔静载试验中基础顶部荷载-位移曲线获取基础的承载力,忽略了基础周围土体的变形破坏过程,而实际工程中均是基础周围地基土体发生破坏。为研究扩底基础与其周围土体在抗拔承载特性方面的差异,以黄土地基中的9个扩底基础为研究对象,通过现场全尺寸基础的上拔静载试验,分别获得基础顶部与地表的上拔荷载-位移曲线,并进一步对基顶与地表处的荷载-位移曲线变化特征、抗拔承载力取值进行对比分析。结果表明,两处的荷载-位移曲线变化特征相似,相同上拔荷载作用下地表处的位移量均小于基础处位移量,差异以初始弹性阶段变形最为突出;两者在弹性极限荷载QL1取值方面,相差较大,但随着地基基础由弹性向塑性发展,差异逐渐减小,两者塑性极限荷载QL2取值基本相同。结合上拔扩底基础的破坏模式,分析出上述差异主要由于基础与周围土体之间变形不协调所致,加载初期基础顶部的上拔位移包括基础拔出量和上部土体压缩量,当上部土体压密后压缩变形消失,地基基础成为一个整体,上拔基础与周围土体的变形趋于协调。 相似文献
6.
建筑物或构筑物基础临近边坡置放的情况在实际工程中十分普遍,但目前对于临近边坡基础的地基承载力及破坏模式尚缺乏深入研究。采用不连续布局优化（DLO）极限分析法建立数值模型,分析边坡几何尺寸、土体参数和基础位置对临坡条形基础的极限承载力和边坡破坏模式的影响,并对国内外现行规范推荐的计算方法进行评价。结果表明：极限承载力随边坡高度和边坡倾斜角的增大而减小,当坡高超过临界高度后,极限承载力将不受其影响;极限承载力随土体黏聚力和内摩擦角的增大而提高,滑动面随黏聚力的增大而变浅,随内摩擦角的增大而变深;极限承载力随基础与坡肩相对距离的增大而提高,当基础置放位置超过某临界距离后极限承载力不受边坡影响。在土体强度高、坡角较大时,《建筑地基基础设计规范》规定的临坡基础最小置放距离偏于危险,设计时仍需考虑边坡对承载力的减损作用;在土体强度较低、坡角较小时,规范规定值偏于保守。美国AASHTO规范对边坡地基极限承载力的取值在砂土边坡时较为可靠,但其仅适用于坡面破坏模式的情况;饱和黏土边坡的承载力曲线有悖于理论解,对临界距离的规定同样存在低估。 相似文献
7.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):235-251
The bearing capacity of footing has been studied by both conventional and numerical methods by many researchers. However, degradation of the microstructure of material, that is, a change in the microstructure of the soil, has not been adequately taken into account. Degradation of microstructure causes strain softening of materials and it leads to strain localization such as shear bands and slip bands. From an engineering point of view the strain localization is crucial because it is a precursor of failure. In the present study, finite element analyses of the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation on homogeneous and inhomogeneous saturated clay strata have been conducted using an elasto-viscoplastic soil constitutive model of microstructure change. A series of analyses of footing on clay deposit with different microstructure parameters have been carried out. Numerical results show that strain localization can be predicted during the loading of rigid footing on highly structured soil and strain localization affects the footing–soil interaction. The effects of footing roughness on the failure mechanism are also discussed in the study. 相似文献
8.
Arash Alimardani Lavasan Ali Talsaz Mahmoud Ghazavi Tom Schanz 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(6):1791-1805
This paper numerically examines the bearing capacity and failure mechanism of a shallow strip foundation constructed above twin voids. The voids may refer to caves, caverns, underground aqueduct or tunnels due to water seepage, chemical reaction or deliberately excavated in soil deposit. The ability of numerical model to accurately predict the system behavior is evaluated by performing verification analyses on existing researches. Subsequently, a parametric study carried out to reveal the influence of size of footing/voids and their location (i.e. depth, spacing, eccentricity) on the bearing capacity of footing. To clarify the failure mechanism, the distribution of shear strain in the soil for different scenarios is assessed. The parametric study provided a new framework to determine the bearing capacity and the mode of failure for footings on voids. Based on the results, a criterion can be issued to avoid collapse of footing/voids regarding the shape, location and size of voids. The results can also be used to design construction of a footing on existing voids while the acquired failure mechanisms can be appointed to develop analytical solutions for this problem. Results demonstrated that a critical depth for voids and a critical distance between them exist where the influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of footing disappears. 相似文献
9.
边坡物理模型倾斜加载方式的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
模型试验是研究边坡失稳机制的重要技术手段,通过倾斜模型获得滑坡的变形破坏过程也是常用的试验方法。作为一种试验加载方法,倾斜加载方式的可控性、倾斜过程中应力场的相似性都是影响该方法应用的关键性问题。为了研究试验方法的可控性,以块状滑体为例,分析计算了模型倾斜和离心加载两种试验方法对滑块抗滑安全系数的影响过程,结果表明,倾斜加载方法可以随着倾斜角度的增加连续地降低滑块的抗滑安全系数,而离心加载方式仅在1g～10g范围内对滑块的抗滑安全系数产生显著影响。为了比较模型倾斜前后模型内部应力场的相似性,建立了物理模型的数值计算模型,模拟不同倾斜角条件下坡体内的应力场。计算结果表明,模型倾斜过程中,坡体中部应力状态保持稳定,倾斜角较大时,坡体的前缘滑带位置应力状态变化较大,前缘进入塑性变形的可能性增大,局部应力场变化有利于模拟水库型滑坡的破坏机制。为了验证倾斜模型模拟滑坡破坏过程的应用效果,以千将坪滑坡为原型,采用倾斜加载方式进行破坏模型试验,获得了滑坡的破坏过程。与非连续变形分析方法(DDA)模拟的结果相比,模型试验得到的破坏形态更接近实际滑坡。 相似文献
10.
临坡地基已成为一种广泛的地基形式。针对临坡条形基础地基破坏模式的非对称性特点,首先引进双侧破坏模式的研究思路,重点考虑临坡地基基础两侧滑块大小和同一滑块几何形状的双重非对称性特征,构建了临坡条形基础地基非对称双侧破坏模式,为临坡地基承载力分析奠定了坚实基础;然后在此基础上,引进极限上限分析和优化理论,建立了临坡条形基础地基承载力分析的模型与方法,该方法不仅可考虑地基破坏模式,还可考虑基础与坡顶距离对临坡地基承载力的影响,而且还可较好地蜕化为平地地基承载力的分析;最后通过工程实例计算,并与现有相关分析方法进行对比分析,表明该方法的可行性与合理性以及普遍适用性。 相似文献
11.
By means of a semi-analytical FE approach an embedded circular footing under monotonic horizontal and moment loading is studied.
In a non-homogeneous soil whose shear modulus is characterized by a power law variation with depth, horizontal, rocking and
coupled modes of displacement, expressed in terms of influence factors are thoroughly examined. The exponent α that controls
the shape of the stiffness variation with depth is termed shear modulus factor. Surface influence coefficients are considered
for the situations where the interface between the soil and the footing is either perfectly rough or perfectly smooth. First,
results of semi-analytical FE analysis in the case of rough footing are established and compared with those of another numerical
method. Results of comparison show good agreement. Then, for different values of α the surface influence coefficients are
presented for an embedded footing in perfect smooth contact with soil. The metacentre is referred to as the depth at which
there is no coupling between the sliding and the rocking modes of footing deformations. Expressions for location and horizontal
influence coefficient corresponding to this particular depth are developed and their variations with α examined. The paper
finishes by showing the effect of interface conditions on the soil normal stresses developed beneath the embedded circular
footing for the case of loading applied at the footing top. 相似文献
12.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):139-150
The influence of a non-coaxial model for granular soils on shallow foundation analyses is investigated. The non-coaxial plasticity theory proposed by Rudnicki and Rice (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1975, 23, 371–394) is integrated into a Drucker–Prager model with both perfect plasticity and strain hardening. This non-coaxial model is numerically implemented into the finite-element program ABAQUS using a substepping scheme with automatic error control. The influence of the non-coaxial model on footing settlement and bearing capacity is investigated under various loading and boundary conditions. Compared with the predictions using conventional coaxial models, the non-coaxial prediction results indicate that the settlement of a footing increases significantly when the non-coaxial component of plastic strain rate is taken into consideration, although ultimate footing bearing capacities are not affected significantly. The non-coaxial model has a different effect on footing settlements under different loading and boundary conditions. In general, the discrepancies between coaxial and non-coaxial predictions increase with increasing rotation of principal stresses of the soil mass beneath a footing. It can be concluded that if the non-coaxial component of plastic strain rate is neglected in shallow foundation problems using the finite-element method, the results tend to be non-conservative when designs are dominated by settlement of footings. 相似文献
13.
Most natural rock masses contain a large number of random joints and fissures, and most of the rock masses at the rock engineering are commonly in both compression and shear stress environment. However, the research on the failure characteristics of complex random jointed rock mass under compressive-shear loading is still limited. To address this gap, this paper uses the particle flow code 2D to establish a discrete fractured rock mass model and carry out a series of numerical tests with different compressive-shear angles (α) and different joint geometric parameters. The effects of compressive-shear angle and joint geometric parameters on the strength and failure characteristics of fractured rock masses are studied. The results indicate that with the increase of α, the peak strength of the specimen decreases gradually, and the failure mode changes from the composite shear failure mode (Mode-I) to a plane shear failure mode (Mode-II) and then to intact shear failure mode (Mode-III). Specifically, the three failure modes occur in the specimens with α?=?15°, 30° or 45°, 60°, respectively. The existence of joints affects stress distribution on rock mass during the loading process. Furthermore, the stress at the joint tip is relatively concentrated, while on both sides of the joint is smaller. Three kinds of crack coalescence patterns are observed: tensile, shear, and tensile-shear mixed coalescence. The inclination angle of the rock bridge between adjacent joints affects the specific type of coalescence.
相似文献14.
This paper presents a mechanical analogue which models the response of a rigid circular footing on an ideal elastoplastic half-space to transient loads. In the rational analysis of pile-driving dynamics, the response of soil at the base of a pile is often approximated by a footing on a semi-infinite half-space. Most existing base models employ the well-known Lysmer analogue to model the elastic response of the soil at the pile base, and account for the inelastic soil behaviour through the inclusion of a plastic slider with a slip load equal to the ultimate failure load of the footing. The improved model provides a force response which is significantly closer to the ideal response than existing models. The paper commences with a review of analytical solutions for the dynamic response of a rigid circular footing on an elastic half-space. Existing mechanical analogs for the system are reviewed, and an automatic matching process proposed which improves the accuracy of the analogs under transient loading. The inelastic response is then studied using the finite element method, and the mechanical analogs are modified to allow representation of the observed inelastic behaviour. Examples are presented illustrating close agreement between the proposed models and finite element analyses for a range of Poisson's ratio. The improved models have direct application for one-dimensional models of pile driving, particularly in the back-analysis of data from dynamic testing of piles. They are also applicable to studies of dynamic compaction. 相似文献
15.
G. L. Sivakumar Babu Satyanarayana Murthy Dasaka 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(1):37-46
The effect of directional behaviour of correlation structure of cone tip resistance on the bearing capacity of shallow strip
footing resting on cohesionless soil deposit in 2-D random field is analysed using probabilistic approach. The results obtained
from the analysis show that the assumption of perfect (or infinite) correlation of cone tip resistance data leads to lower
values of probability of failure. In contrast, the isotropic assumption of correlation behaviour based on vertical scale of
fluctuation leads to higher values of probability of failure. The results also show that the transformation model would play
a major role in the evaluation of variability of design property. In conclusion, the need for a proper evaluation methodology
for calculation of correlation lengths of soil properties and their influence in foundation design is highlighted. 相似文献
16.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):107-111
The stability of eccentrically loaded strip footings on slopes was investigated using the method of finite element analysis based on the theory of elasto-plasticity. The analysis was done for two different soils involving three levels of slope angle, six footing locations, and two levels of load eccentricity plus central vertical loading. The strip footing analysed was a 3-ft (0.9 m) wide reinforced concrete footing embedded to a depth of 3 ft (0.9 m). The analysis focused on footing settlement, plastic yielding of soil, and ultimate bearing capacity. The results of analysis show that the influence of load eccentricity on footing pressure vs. footing centre settlement is negligibly small. However, the progressive soil yielding and ultimate bearing capacity are greatly affected by load eccentricity. Furthermore, the effect of load eccentricity differs considerably with the load location relative to the footing centre and slope crest. The ultimate bearing capacity for the eccentric load located on the slope side is significantly greater than that for the load located on the other side of the footing centre. For a 2(H): 1(V) slope in silty clay, the effect of slope on footing stability decreases with increasing footing location from slope crest as would be expected, and diminishes when the footing is located from the crest at about 5-times the footing width. 相似文献
17.
破坏面倾角,即破裂面与最大主应力夹角,是进行岩体工程加固设计的重要依据,也是工程安全预警的基础。岩体赋存于自然环境中,其破坏面倾角受应力、结构面和水等条件的影响,这样,使得水-应力作用下其破坏面的倾角本身带有一定的不确定性,特别是对于软弱岩体。通常用Mohr-coulomb强度准则得到的破坏面倾角为45°+φ/2,是一个定值;实际上岩石破坏面倾角非定值,而是存在一个范围。因而有必要研究在水-应力作用下岩石破坏面倾角问题。本文针对华南红层典型软岩-粉砂质泥岩在水-应力作用下的破坏问题,首先从概率分析角度,利用岩石微裂隙的破坏概率分布函数,得到软岩破坏面倾角表达式;并利用TAW-100水-应力耦合岩石细观力学伺服三轴试验系统开展软岩在水同时作为赋存环境和围压时的三轴压缩试验,得到其在0和1MPa围压时破坏面倾角范围为50.3°~80.2°;将该破坏面倾角和Mohr-Coulomb强度准则得到的破坏面倾角值与实验结果进行对比,发现本文所建立的破坏概率方法与实验结果更为接近,表明本文方法有较好的合理可靠性。 相似文献
18.
Numerical Study of Behavior of Circular Footing on Geogrid-Reinforced Sand Under Static and Dynamic Loading 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A. F. Zidan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(2):499-510
A series of axi-symmetry models using finite element analyses were performed to investigate the behavior of circular footings
over reinforced sand under static and dynamic loading. Geogrid was modeled as an elastic element and the soil was modeled
using hardening soil model which use an elasto-plastic hyperbolic stress–strain relation. Several parameters including number
of geogrid layers, depth to the first geogrid layer, spacing between layers and load amplitude of dynamic loading are selected
in this paper to investigate the influence of these parameters on the performance of reinforced systems under both static
and dynamic loads. The numerical studies demonstrated that the presence of geogrid in sand makes the relationship between
contact pressure and settlement of reinforced system nearly linear until reaching the failure stage. The rate of footing settlement
decreases as the number of loading cycles increases and the optimum values of the depth of first geogrid layer and spacing
between layers is found 20% of the footing diameter. Some significant observations on the performance of footing-geogrid systems
with change of the values of parametric study are presented in this paper. 相似文献
19.
Ernesto Ausilio 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):885-899
This paper investigates the performance of geo-reinforced soil structures subjected to loading applied to strip footings positioned close to a slope crest. The kinematic theorem of limit analysis, which is based on the upper bound theory of plasticity, is applied for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity within the framework of pseudo-static approach to account for earthquake effects. The mechanism considered in this analysis is a logarithmic spiral failure surface, which is assumed to start at the edge of the loaded area far from the slope, consistent with the observed failure mechanisms shown in the experimental tests reported in the literature. A parametric study is then carried out to investigate the influence of various parameters including the geosynthetic configuration, backfill soil friction angle, footing distances from the crest of the slope, slope angles and horizontal seismic coefficients. Attention is paid to the failure mechanism because its maximum depth is the depth at least to which the reinforcements must be placed. Results of the analyses are presented in the form of non-dimensional design charts for practical use. Finally, a simple procedure based on the assessment of earthquake-induced permanent displacements is shown for the design of footing resting on reinforced slopes subjected to earthquake. 相似文献
20.
The present experimental investigations study the effect of layering over rigid base on the dynamic behavior of foundation under vertical mode of vibration. Model block vibration tests were conducted on a rigid surface footing resting on different layered soil systems underlain by rigid base. The rigid base was used to simulate the presence of bedrock. The tests were carried out in a pit of size 2.0?m?×?2.0?m?×?1.9?m (deep) using a concrete footing of size 0.4?m?×?0.4?m?×?0.1?m. A rotating mass type mechanical oscillator was used for inducing vibration in vertical direction. Different layered soil systems were prepared within the total depth of 1,200?mm over the rigid base. Locally available gravel and fly ash were used to form different layered soil systems. In total, 132 nos. model block vibration tests in vertical mode were conducted for different layering and loading combinations. The experimentally obtained results are also compared with the results obtained from the analysis by mass-spring-dashpot and equivalent half-space theory. 相似文献