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罗布泊盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部,盐湖沉积的主要盐类矿物是钙芒硝,其资源量巨大,卤水钾矿赋存于钙芒硝岩晶间孔隙中,显然,钾盐的聚集与钙芒硝沉积有着密切的联系。文章通过对罗布泊盐湖的钙芒硝沉积特征研究,探讨了钾盐矿床的形成与钙芒硝的沉积关系。研究显示钙芒硝沉积时期,古气候具有“热”的特点,有利于钙芒硝沉积;盐湖物质来源有“富硫酸根”的地表水,也可能存在富钙水的补给。结晶试验显示,罗布泊现代卤水与含氯化钙水掺合后,蒸发析出石膏和水钙芒硝;同时,早期沉积的石膏被交代成为钙芒硝,这两种方式是钙芒硝形成的主要机制。罗布泊钙芒硝的成钾效应主要表现于3个方面:钙芒硝具有菱板状结构,在沉积和成岩过程中钙芒硝岩发育大量孔隙;钙芒硝孔隙储集了富钾卤水;大量钙芒硝的析出导致卤水中钾离子相对富集。研究认为,罗布泊盐湖巨量钙芒硝的沉积控制了钾盐的形成和分布,钙芒硝岩成储钾盐的认识在实践上推进了罗布泊盐湖的找钾工作。 相似文献
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采用岩石薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜以及元素地球化学等分析测试手段,对罗布泊盐湖罗北凹地杂卤石的沉积和分布特征进行了研究。结果显示,罗北凹地杂卤石主要发育于含盐系中上部,或以质地较纯的层状杂卤石岩产出,或与钙芒硝/石盐/白钠镁矾共同产出。杂卤石有交代和原生两种成因类型：前者是罗北凹地杂卤石产出的主要类型,是罗布泊硫酸盐型盐湖自身蒸发析出产物,在盐湖演化中后期交代钙芒硝或者石膏形成;后者可能为富钙卤水补给富钾镁盐湖形成。罗北凹地杂卤石的分布具有在南北方向上南厚北薄、在东西方向上中间厚两侧薄的特点,对应的KCl含量也同样具有南高北低、中间高两侧低的特点,它们的分布特征明显受控于区域构造活动,构造导致的沉降区有利于杂卤石聚集成矿。本区杂卤石矿埋藏浅、规模较大,可作为后备钾盐资源。 相似文献
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罗布泊位于塔里木盆地东端,地处欧亚大陆深腹地,罗北凹地则是罗布泊东北部的一个次级凹地。通过对罗北凹地LDK01深孔沉积物粒度、磁化率和地球化学的分析,并结合沉积物的岩性、盐类矿物形态特征和和组合类型、构造背景,对罗布泊地区第四纪成钾环境的阶段性变化规律进行探讨。研究表明,罗布泊地区早更新世以来依次发育了河流相、三角洲相、湖泊相-风成相等沉积体系,并呈现出明显快速的湖相推进和退缩交替的频繁变化,指示盐湖演化是干湿气候周期变化和湖盆周围山区淡水周期补给共同作用结果。第四纪时期罗北凹地发展并最终形成塔里木"高山深盆"中最深的次级凹地地貌,这是青藏高原隆升导致的向北挤压的必然结果,大地构造和环境的变化直接控制了罗布泊盐湖的构造演化和沉积体系的转变。罗布泊盐湖的演化大致可分为三个阶段:第一阶段为断陷阶段,早更新世以来主要沉积淡水河流湖泊相陆源碎屑物;第二阶段为坳陷阶段,中更新世中期发育膏岩湖相,以石膏等硫酸盐析出为主要特征;第三阶段为萎缩阶段,进入晚更新世,大量盐湖相钙芒硝沉积至全新世时期石盐等氯化物析出;上述三个阶段构成一个完整蒸发沉积构造旋回并于最终阶段中形成了超大型的钾盐矿床。 相似文献
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罗布泊干盐湖钙芒硝形貌特征及生长影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钙芒硝是罗布泊干盐湖沉积的主要盐类矿物,是该区富钾卤水的储存载体并可能对富钾卤水的形成与演化过程起到重要作用。罗布泊干盐湖钙芒硝大量堆积,呈"杂乱状"产生蜂窝状孔隙,构成了主要储卤空间。根据野外观察和室内分析,对罗布泊干盐湖钙芒硝相的特征形态进行研究,厘定出钙芒硝单晶体主要有菱形Ⅰ、菱形Ⅱ及长板状3种特征形态。罗北西部的钙芒硝晶体主要为洁净程度不高、颗粒粗大的菱形Ⅰ、Ⅱ,次为中晶长板状,其处于湖盆边界相对动荡的浅水环境下及受到强烈蒸发作用而快速结晶析出。罗北凹地内的钙芒硝晶体为洁净程度较高的中细晶长板状晶体,其沉积环境则被解释为位于湖盆中部的静水深水条件下缓慢结晶形成。通过对钙芒硝晶体形貌与沉积环境的条件研究认为,不同晶体形态及形态组合的钙芒硝是湖盆不同位置的湖水在干热气候条件下蒸发沉积的产物。 相似文献
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文章对罗布泊盐湖区杂卤石、光卤石、钾盐镁矾等不同类型固体钾盐矿物特征、分布及成因进行了分析总结。杂卤石主要产于罗北凹地内部沉降区,以交代成因类型为主,代表了以硫酸盐型卤水为主体的罗布泊盐湖残余卤水钾镁富集到一定程度与石膏、钙芒硝发生水-盐反应的产物。光卤石沉积主要产于断陷带（近）地表,为深部氯化物型卤水经断裂向上运移至地表、与浅部卤水掺杂经蒸发浓缩而成。钾盐镁矾主要产于南小团地区,其形成可能与凹陷基底反转、罗北凹地高浓度卤水回灌有关。罗布泊盐湖区不同类型的固体钾盐沉积是构造-物源-气候3种成钾要素在特定时间窗下耦合的产物：在干旱气候条件下,构造活动一方面导致盆地地貌分异形成更加封闭的成钾次级凹地,为钾盐沉积提供可容纳空间;另一方面活化断裂为深部流体补给盐湖提供通道,为钾盐沉积提供不同类型的物质来源,改变盐湖卤水化学组成最终形成不同类型钾盐矿物。 相似文献
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罗布泊杂卤石沉积特征及成因机理探讨 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
罗布泊是世界最大的盐湖之一。罗布泊第四纪地层中不仅蕴藏有超大型规模的卤水钾盐矿床,同时也沉淀了一定规模的固体钾盐矿,杂卤石是主要的固体钾矿物。罗布泊杂卤石主要分布于罗北凹地内部,分布区长轴走向与罗北凹地走向一致,面积约326km2;剖面上,杂卤石分布区呈不对称的扁透镜体状。杂卤石以杂卤石岩或含杂卤石钙芒硝岩等形式产出,杂卤石岩及含杂卤石岩呈薄层状分布,最多达12层,埋深10～38m,其KCl含量一般为3%～10%,最高达15.48%。研究表明,罗布泊杂卤石成因机制有2种:①盐湖(钙芒硝阶段)沉积期间,可能出现气候热波动事件,卤水化学体系演化到杂卤石相区,导致杂卤石结晶析出,主要形成方式为杂卤石交代钙芒硝,部分纯杂卤石岩可能直接从卤水中沉淀出来;②盐湖晚期或干盐湖阶段,石盐晶粒间卤水受地表水混合发生掺杂作用,导致杂卤石析出并沉积于石盐等晶粒间。罗布泊杂卤石等固体钾盐资源具有一定的成矿潜力,查明其成因和分布规律可为勘查评价罗布泊固体钾盐提供理论支持。 相似文献
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通过资料搜集、蒸发岩野外露头地质调查、石盐岩沉积特征分析及盐类矿物学研究,对塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷中新生代蒸发岩的分布、层位、盐类矿物组合、成因进行了初步探讨。塔西南坳陷石盐岩沉积呈透镜体状,主要沿西昆仑山前分布,常含有褐红色、灰绿色泥砾,泥砾岩性与吐依洛克组下段岩性一致,推测应为吐依洛克组沉积晚期海退期成盐,其层位应归属于吐依洛克组上段。石盐岩透镜体在横向分布上不连续,反映了当时塔西南坳陷内部可能存在多个古盐湖次级凹地,其在干旱气候条件下经浓缩蒸发成盐。蒸发岩矿物除石盐、石膏外,还见有杂卤石、钙芒硝等,其中杂卤石可能为后期富钾卤水交代原生石膏的产物,而乌泊1井石盐表面大量的次生钙芒硝可能为盐湖后期石盐析出阶段含钙地下水缓慢持续补给盐湖的产物。 相似文献
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罗布泊断陷带内形成富钾卤水机理研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模钾盐矿床,钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,在罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也储集卤水,蕴藏有一定规模的卤水钾盐资源。地球物理（EH-4）测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m处有卤水存在的信息;断陷带内钻孔卤水化学分析结果揭示,下部卤水比重高于上部,卤水中氯化钾含量也呈“下高上低”的态势,这与盐湖蒸发析盐序列不一致或正相反。文章认为,卤水垂向对流是导致卤水化学特征垂向分异的机理,即,在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,上部卤水比重不断增加,并沿张性断裂逐渐向下部或深部流动、渗透,形成了卤水的对流;由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30～50 km,向下延长深度可达1 000 m,这些都说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的富钾卤水,它们应该成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾盐资源扩大找矿的新空间。 相似文献
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罗布泊地区罗北凹地潜卤水钾矿床成因与开发前景 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
罗北凹地潜卤水钾矿床位于新疆罗布伯地区北部，是一个大型的综合性盐类矿床，以潜卤水钾矿为主，伴生有液体NaCl、MgCl2和固体石盐、钙芒硝。罗布伯盐湖周边基岩山区富钾花岗岩和火山岩、塔里木盆地古盐矿床和罗布伯北部中更新统化学沉积物形成的台地等为罗北凹地潜卤水矿床提供了丰富的物源物质条件，而半封闭的构造成环境和干旱气候条件是其形成的有利条件。与世界著名盐湖比较，罗北凹地潜卤水钾矿的K^ 含量、储量及其化学成分具有独特优势，而钾肥是中国的紧缺产品，需求量不断增加，因此，罗北凹地潜卤水钾矿床具有较好的开发前景。 相似文献
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WANG Mili LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng YANG Zhichen Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing Department of Environment Physical Geography School of Environment Peking University Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):53-65
Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”. 相似文献
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野外调查发现，新疆罗布泊罗北凹地等干盐湖地表分布有众多的流体上升或上涌通道，其形状特征呈“垂直的孔洞”、“泥火山口”、“枣状小坑”及“粘附沙丘”等。研究认为，地下卤水流体过去和现在正是通过这些通道上升，至地表排泄或进入盐湖水体及沉积物中；这些地下流体主要源于深部地层水和大气循环水等；上升流体补给罗布泊的罗北凹地等次级盐湖，为钾盐成矿提供重要的物质基础，并导致钙芒硝的大量沉积，促进了盐类沉积物的成岩过程。同时，上升流体的补给还在罗布泊盐湖区近地表处产生了固体钾盐矿的沉积。 相似文献
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LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng Lü Fenglin WANG Yongzhi SUN Xiaohong ZHANG Hu WANG Licheng YAO Fojun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):2030-2047
Potash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium-rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower-Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great-united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter-term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long-term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub-depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits. 相似文献
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Features and Formation Mechanism of Faults and Potash-forming Effect in the Lop Nur Salt Lake, Xinjiang, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
LIU Chenglin WANG Mili JIAO Pengcheng LI Shude CHEN Yongzhi School of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(6):936-943
1 Introduction The Lop Nur Salt Lake, located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, has become a playa in the Quaternary. It is under the jurisdiction of Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, being ~450 km east of Korla City, the capital of the Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (Fig. 1), and 300 km south of the seat of Shanshan County. The geographic coordinates are 90o00'–91o30' E and 39o40'– 41o20' N. Field survey and drilling since 1995 have revealed an occurren… 相似文献
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罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模卤水钾盐矿床,卤水钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也蕴藏有一定规模的固体钾盐资源。地球物理(EH-4)测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m。在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30~50 km,向下延长深度可达1000 m,说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的固体钾盐矿,成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾资源扩大找矿的新空间。 相似文献