共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以二维声波方程为模型,在时间域深入研究了全波形速度反演.全波形反演要解一个非线性的最小二乘问题,是一个极小化模拟数据与已知数据之间残量的过程.针对全波形反演易陷入局部极值的困难,本文提出了基于不同尺度的频率数据的"逐级反演"策略,即先基于低频尺度的波场信息进行反演,得出一个合理的初始模型,然后再利用其他不同尺度频率的波场进行反演,并且用前一尺度的迭代反演结果作为下一尺度反演的初始模型,这样逐级进行反演.文中详细阐述和推导了理论方法及公式,包括有限差分正演模拟、速度模型修正、梯度计算和算法描述,并以Marmousi复杂构造模型为例,进行了MPI并行全波形反演数值计算,得到了较好的反演结果,验证了方法的有效性和稳健性. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
本文基于二维声波方程在时间域研究了角度域全波形速度反演,由于不同地下反射角对应的梯度具有频率的多尺度性,在每个主频反演过程中,可以将全波形反演的梯度也进行角度域分解,分解为不同角度范围的角度域梯度.对比不同频率不同角度范围的梯度,表明梯度的垂向波数在不同频率不同角度具有一致性,即高频大角度梯度与低频小角度梯度可在垂向上波数范围一致.先后利用大角度到小角度梯度进行反演,在数据主频不变的情况下,实现角度域多尺度反演.同时,反演过程中去掉浅层超大角度(80°)的梯度,有利于浅层速度细节准确刻画,而深层梯度局部反射角相对较小,因此不会对深层速度反演产生影响. 相似文献
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频率域全波形反演方法研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
全波形反演方法利用叠前地震波场的运动学和动力学信息重建地下速度结构,具有揭示复杂地质背景下构造与岩性细节信息的潜力.根据研究需要,全波形反演既可在时间域也可在频率域实现.频率域相对于时间域反演具有计算高效、数据选择灵活等优势.近十几年来频率域全波形反演理论在波场模拟方法、反演频率选择策略、目标函数设置方式、震源子波处理方式、梯度预处理方法等方面取得了进展.目标函数存在大量局部极值的特性是影响反射地震全波形反演效果的重要内在因素之一.如果将Laplace域波形反演、频率域阻尼波场反演、频率域波形反演三种方法有机结合,可以降低反演的非线性程度. 相似文献
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Laplace-Fourier域全波形反演可以利用简单的初始模型,从缺失低频信息的地震数据中得到长波长速度模型.Laplace-Fourier域全波形反演等价于本文的复频率全波形反演,但二者的实现方式不同,因此研究复频率全波形反演,可以为二者的对比研究并发展更有效的方法奠定重要基础.本文首先比较用线性增加模型作为初始模型时几个包含不同高低频成分的频率组的反演效果,再比较结合复频率之后各个频率组的反演效果,从简单模型和复杂模型的测试中都可以看出这种复频率+频率反演的方式对反演效果有明显改善. 相似文献
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速度是地震偏移成像准确与否的关键所在.全波形反演综合利用地震波场运动学和动力学信息,能够得到相比传统速度建模方法更高频的成分.全波形反演的理论比较成熟,但实际应用成功的例子相对较少,特别是对于陆上地震资料.塔里木盆地地震地质条件复杂,为了实现缝洞型储层的准确成像,本文开展了针对目标靶区的全波形反演精细速度建场研究.采用一种时间域分层多尺度全波形反演流程:首先通过层析成像建立初始速度模型;其次利用折射波反演浅层速度模型;最后利用反射波反演中深层速度模型.偏移成像结果表明基于全波形反演的速度建模技术能有效改善火成岩下伏构造的成像精度,显示了全波形反演在常规陆上采集资料的应用潜力. 相似文献
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频率域数值模拟是频率域全波形反演的基础,在地震波场数值模拟中占有重要地位.相对于时间域数值模拟,频率域数值模拟具有两个明显的优势:没有时间累计误差,适合于并行计算.然而,严重的数值频散和巨大的内存损耗是阻碍其应用的两大瓶颈.为解决这两个问题,基于有限差分方法,学者提出了多种差分格式,如优化9点、15点、17点以及25点差分格式.本文从频散关系、计算效率和存储量三个方面,对比、分析了以上四种差分方法.基于2D声波方程,通过在均匀模型、层状模型以及Marmousi模型上的应用效果,对每种方法的优缺点进行了总结,为高精度数值模拟和声波频率域全波形反演提供方法选择上的参考. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
本文将二维时间空间域和频率空间域声波全波形速度反演方法分别应用到Marmousi模型,进行数值试验.两种方法均采用相同的观测系统和其他的参数,理论模型的数值试验结果证实了:使用较多的计算集群的CPU进行二维频率空间域直接法声波全波形反演时,其加速有限(正演数值模拟的计算量主要用于稀疏矩阵的LU分解,炮点计算波场时为线性关系).二维时间空间域声波全波形反演计算时更灵活,多炮同时计算时,可以多倍提高其计算效率;二维声波全波形速度反演时,直接法求解频率空间域的计算速度远快于时间空间域,所需要的计算机内存也比时间空间域少.二维声波全波形速度反演时,相比较于时间空间域的方法,频率空间域直接法声波全波形反演具有计算速度快和节省计算机内存需求的优势. 相似文献
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Myung Hoon Kim Yunseok Choi Young Ho Cha Changsoo Shin 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(12):1967-1985
In order to correctly interpret marine exploration data, which contain many elastic signals such as S waves, surface waves and converted waves, we have developed both a frequency-domain modeling algorithm for acoustic-elastic coupled media with an irregular interface, and the corresponding waveform inversion algorithm. By applying the continuity condition between acoustic (fluid) and elastic (solid) media, wave propagation can be properly simulated throughout the coupled domain. The arbitrary interface is represented by tessellating square and triangular finite elements. Although the resulting complex impedance matrix generated by finite element methods for the acoustic-elastic coupled wave equation is asymmetric, we can exploit the usual back-propagation algorithm used in the frequency domain through modern sparse matrix technology. By running numerical experiments on a synthetic model, we demonstrate that our inversion algorithm can successfully recover P- and S-wave velocity and density models from marine exploration data (pressure data only). 相似文献
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Liangguo Dong Zhongyi Fan Hongzhi Wang Benxin Chi Yuzhu Liu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(8):1503-1520
Reflection full waveform inversion can update subsurface velocity structure of the deeper part, but tends to get stuck in the local minima associated with the waveform misfit function. These local minima cause cycle skipping if the initial background velocity model is far from the true model. Since conventional reflection full waveform inversion using two‐way wave equation in time domain is computationally expensive and consumes a large amount of memory, we implement a correlation‐based reflection waveform inversion using one‐way wave equations to retrieve the background velocity. In this method, one‐way wave equations are used for the seismic wave forward modelling, migration/de‐migration and the gradient computation of objective function in frequency domain. Compared with the method using two‐way wave equation, the proposed method benefits from the lower computational cost of one‐way wave equations without significant accuracy reduction in the cases without steep dips. It also largely reduces the memory requirement by an order of magnitude than implementation using two‐way wave equation both for two‐ and three‐dimensional situations. Through numerical analysis, we also find that one‐way wave equations can better construct the low wavenumber reflection wavepath without producing high‐amplitude short‐wavelength components near the image points in the reflection full waveform inversion gradient. Synthetic test and real data application show that the proposed method efficiently updates the background velocity model. 相似文献
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In this paper we propose a 3D acoustic full waveform inversion algorithm in the Laplace domain. The partial differential equation for the 3D acoustic wave equation in the Laplace domain is reformulated as a linear system of algebraic equations using the finite element method and the resulting linear system is solved by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The numerical solutions obtained by our modelling algorithm are verified through a comparison with the corresponding analytical solutions and the appropriate dispersion analysis. In the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion, the logarithm of the Laplace transformed wavefields mainly contains long‐wavelength information about the underlying velocity model. As a result, the algorithm smoothes a small‐scale structure but roughly identifies large‐scale features within a certain depth determined by the range of offsets and Laplace damping constants employed. Our algorithm thus provides a useful complementary process to time‐ or frequency‐domain waveform inversion, which cannot recover a large‐scale structure when low‐frequency signals are weak or absent. The algorithm is demonstrated on a synthetic example: the SEG/EAGE 3D salt‐dome model. The numerical test is limited to a Laplace‐domain synthetic data set for the inversion. In order to verify the usefulness of the inverted velocity model, we perform the 3D reverse time migration. The migration results show that our inversion results can be used as an initial model for the subsequent high‐resolution waveform inversion. Further studies are needed to perform the inversion using time‐domain synthetic data with noise or real data, thereby investigating robustness to noise. 相似文献
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海洋勘探环境可以抽象为下伏固体与上覆流体相互耦合的介质,本文针对流-固边界耦合介质提出了一种高效、稳定的多参数（速度和密度）全波形反演方法.本文采用弹性波一阶位移-应力方程作为过渡层耦合声波压力方程与弹性波位移方程来模拟耦合环境,相比于传统的交错网格建模方法或者构建连续性条件,本文提出的方法在正演精度和稳定性上凸显出很大优势,极大降低了计算内存.反演策略对多参数全波形反演至关重要,由于不同参数之间的相互耦合使得密度在多参数全波形反演中较难获得,因此本文将非均匀流-固边界耦合介质多参数全波形反演分为两个步骤完成：第一步利用变密度声波方程结合推导出的密度梯度算子进行纵波速度和密度的双参数反演;第二步根据链式法则求取横波速度的梯度,结合第一步的反演结果使用流-固边界耦合方程反演横波速度.最后通过与声波动方程数值模拟结果对比证明正演算法的准确性;上覆流体的Marmousi-2模型的数值试验测试说明反演方法的有效性和适应性. 相似文献
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Ho Seuk Bae Changsoo Shin Young Ho Cha Yunseok Choi Dong‐Joo Min 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(6):997-1010
Although waveform inversion has been intensively studied in an effort to properly delineate the Earth's structures since the early 1980s, most of the time‐ and frequency‐domain waveform inversion algorithms still have critical limitations in their applications to field data. This may be attributed to the highly non‐linear objective function and the unreliable low‐frequency components. To overcome the weaknesses of conventional waveform inversion algorithms, the acoustic Laplace‐domain waveform inversion has been proposed. The Laplace‐domain waveform inversion has been known to provide a long‐wavelength velocity model even for field data, which may be because it employs the zero‐frequency component of the damped wavefield and a well‐behaved logarithmic objective function. However, its applications have been confined to 2D acoustic media. We extend the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion algorithm to a 2D acoustic‐elastic coupled medium, which is encountered in marine exploration environments. In 2D acoustic‐elastic coupled media, the Laplace‐domain pressures behave differently from those of 2D acoustic media, although the overall features are similar to each other. The main differences are that the pressure wavefields for acoustic‐elastic coupled media show negative values even for simple geological structures unlike in acoustic media, when the Laplace damping constant is small and the water depth is shallow. The negative values may result from more complicated wave propagation in elastic media and at fluid‐solid interfaces. Our Laplace‐domain waveform inversion algorithm is also based on the finite‐element method and logarithmic wavefields. To compute gradient direction, we apply the back‐propagation technique. Under the assumption that density is fixed, P‐ and S‐wave velocity models are inverted from the pressure data. We applied our inversion algorithm to the SEG/EAGE salt model and the numerical results showed that the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion successfully recovers the long‐wavelength structures of the P‐ and S‐wave velocity models from the noise‐free data. The models inverted by the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion were able to be successfully used as initial models in the subsequent frequency‐domain waveform inversion, which is performed to describe the short‐wavelength structures of the true models. 相似文献
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Elastic waves, such as Rayleigh and mode‐converted waves, together with amplitude versus offset variations, serve as noise in full waveform inversion using the acoustic approximation. Heavy preprocessing must be applied to remove elastic effects to invert land or marine data using the acoustic inversion method in the time or frequency domains. Full waveform inversion using the elastic wave equation should be one alternative; however, multi‐parameter inversion is expensive and sensitive to the starting velocity model. We implement full acoustic waveform inversion of synthetic land and marine data in the Laplace domain with minimum preprocessing (i.e., muting) to remove elastic effects. The damping in the Laplace transform can be thought of as an automatic time windowing. Numerical examples show that Laplace‐domain acoustic inversion can yield correct smooth velocity models even with the noise originating from elastic waves. This offers the opportunity to develop an accurate smooth starting model for subsequent inversion in the frequency domain. 相似文献
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Full waveform inversion algorithms are widely used in the construction of subsurface velocity models. In the following study, we propose a Laplace–Fourier-domain waveform inversion algorithm that uses both Laplace-domain and Fourier-domain wavefields to achieve the reconstruction of subsurface velocity models. Although research on the Laplace–Fourier-domain waveform inversion has been published recently that study is limited to fluid media. Because the geophysical targets of marine seismic exploration are usually located within solid media, waveform inversion that is approximated to acoustic media is limited to the treatment of properly identified submarine geophysical features. In this study, we propose a full waveform inversion algorithm for isotropic fluid–solid media with irregular submarine topography comparable to a real marine environment. From the fluid–solid system, we obtained P and S wave velocity models from the pressure data alone. We also suggested strategies for choosing complex frequency bands constructed of frequencies and Laplace coefficients to improve the resolution of the restored velocity structures. For verification, we applied our Laplace–Fourier-domain waveform inversion for fluid–solid media to synthetic data that were reconstructed for fluid–solid media. Through this inversion test, we successfully restored reasonable velocity structures. Furthermore, we successfully extended our algorithm to a field data set. 相似文献
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虽然一些时频分析方法已经被用于频散曲线提取中,但是它们自身时频窗的缺陷使的所得频散曲线信息缺失或错误.本文首次尝试利用广义S变换分析瑞利波的频散特性.以半空间模型为例确定方法的可行性,频散曲线变化准确反映地层变化情况.不同炮检距设置对频散曲线有一定影响,采用大于勘测深度,小于4倍勘测深度可以得到较稳定的结果.最后,为了得到更加光滑稳定的频散曲线,提出了一种基于多道瑞利波的改进方法.用此方法对四种典型地层模型下的多道瑞利波数据进行分析,得到频散曲线光滑稳定,且比理论频散曲线和基于单道法获得频散曲线更能准确反映地层变化情况.这就为瑞利波勘探中的反演解释提供了更可靠依据. 相似文献
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二维频率空间域的数值模拟方法具有以下的优势:多炮模拟时,计算成本比时间域方法低;无累计误差;在地震反演中处理多震源模拟时,只需要有限的几个频率就可以得到好的反演结果.差分离散化形成的稀疏系数矩阵,需要求解一个巨大规模的线性方程组,最大瓶颈是需要海量的计算机内存,导致计算量庞大.本文在前人研究的基础上,采用嵌套剖分网格排序法,极大限度减少对计算机内存的需求,从而减少了计算量.针对弹性波数值模拟的特征,提出二维频率空间域弹性波多炮模拟的快速计算流程.数值模拟试验证明使用嵌套剖分排序法的弹性波多炮数值模拟比压缩存储法具有节省存储量、计算效率高等优势,为后续的二维频率空间域弹性波全波形反演奠定了很好的基础. 相似文献