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为履行全面禁止核试验条约(CTBT)而进行的地震监测,需测定3级或更小地震事件的位置和(或)震源深度;只有很少的地震台站能经常记录到这样的地震事件, 并用常规走时方法测定它们的位置。本研究的主要目的是用单台三分向地震仪的信号进行定位和深度测定。用波形相关方法估算震源深度,主要依赖所用地壳模型的精度。我们用模拟退火全球搜索算法(SORVEC)变式的接收函数方法给出地壳模型。通过一系列综合模拟试验, 正试图测定该方法对震源机制、震源深度和数据频谱的灵敏度,以及在模拟近震震相时由远震接收函数产生的摸型的实用性。重要的问题是这些方法是否通过接收函数来确定,它用高入射角的远震信号作为输入,在区域范围内对模拟地震震源记录给出合理的依据。该试验描述了该地区用SORVEC提供的模型进行的综合测定,本质上类似于真实地震信号,使得SORVEC模型不像真实模型那么复杂。我们继续研究测定事件与台站方位角最合适的方法,主要用单台三分向记录到的震级在3．0和4．5之间的近震事件。因为许多这样的事件没有高信噪比的清晰震相,利用窄时间窗测定方位角始终是不可行的。我们用P与Sn的时间窗获得更加可靠的结果, 包含P和P与Sv两者之间的能量转换。当前,我们分两步测定事件与台站的方位角; 首先,我们只用水平向来测定事件与台站间180°的方位角;然后,用垂直向和旋转的水平向信号分析测定正确的方向。即使对震级较小没有突出P震相的记录,初步结果显示测定的事件与台站间的方位角误差大约为10°或更小。此外,统计分析的不确定性近似等于观测误差。 相似文献
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针对气枪主动源监测中相位加权叠加数据绝对到时拾取可能存在较大误差的问题,提出基于台站之间叠加信号波形的相似性,利用台站对波形的互相关得到更准确到时差的策略。在此基础上,将台站对双差地震速度成像方法直接用于台站对到时差数据,以确定地下介质的速度异常。本文利用长江安徽段气枪实验在庐江临时地震台阵接收到的数据进行了测试,发现基于波形互相关得到的到时差数据比绝对到时数据更准确。最后,采用台站对双差地震成像的方法,得到了庐江台阵覆盖区域的地壳三维速度异常模型,继而确定了该地区较大尺度的地下结构分布。 相似文献
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提出了一种用于地震早期预警的S波震相实时自动识别方法. 该方法不对原始信号进行任何滤波处理, 直接对三分向记录进行计算分析. 首先根据P波前0.5 s数据的卓越频率计算适用于该三分向记录的窗长, 采用由偏斜角和水平能量与总能量比值的平方积作为确定S波识别区间的特征函数, 将特征函数已有数据的5倍均值和5倍方差之和作为识别区间的触发阈值; 然后采用VAR-AIC方法对两个水平分向识别区间的数据分别计算分析, 对两个识别结果进行判断, 最终确定S波初动时刻. 经过对118个三分向记录的实际应用验证, 通过自动识别结果与人机交互震相识别结果相比, 本文方法对于S波相对P波尾波信噪比大于5 dB的地震记录, 其识别误差小于0.1 s的概率高达89.39%. 相似文献
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西山村滑坡位于地震活动性剧烈的龙门山地区,这个区域有大量的滑坡在汶川地震中被触发,此后西山村滑坡发生持续变形.为了监测该滑坡体的运移和局部破裂产生的微弱的地震信号,由微震事件获取滑坡滑动和变形模式,2015年八月底至十一月底,我们在滑坡上布置了30套地震仪.首先通过信号到时和波形特征把滑坡上的微震信号从人类活动产生的信号和滑坡体以外的区域地震信号区分开来.然后以识别到的微震波形为模板,用滑动时窗互相关的方法匹配其他的微震事件.结果表明,96个微震事件能被30个台站都记录到.通过对这些事件的定位,我们发现大部分（80个）能被所有台站记录到的事件发生在滑坡的底部,其他的少部分（16个）发生在滑坡的顶部.这意味着有相当多的能量积聚在滑坡的顶部和底部,而滑坡的底部则更活跃.除此外,在滑坡的中部有较多更微弱的事件被周围的部分仪器记录到.基于这些微震事件的位置,我们发现四个辐射地震信号的不稳定区域和钻孔监测到的不稳定区域比较吻合.这些辐射地震信号的不稳定区域应该和滑坡体的运动和内部变形相关.由此表明,地震学方法也是监测滑坡的变形的有效手段,是现有监测手段的有力补充. 相似文献
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《世界地震译丛》2016,(5)
北京西部房山岩体多次发现动态触发事件,但之前的研究都受限于台站分布稀疏的影响。本文系统地分析了2011年3月11日日本东北近海MW9.1地震和2012年4月14日印度洋MW8.6地震之前和之后各40天内固定台站和流动台站记录的连续波形。首先,本文采用短时平均比长时平均的检测方法构建模板数据库;其次,本文运用波形模板匹配滤波技术对连续波形进行互相关来检测地震事件。最后,本文分别检测得到日本东北近海地震主震后和印度洋地震主震后1 956个和950个地震事件。多数检测到的地震属于浅源(5km)地震并群集出现在北京西部房山岩体北岭向斜构造,这个地区邻近一个正在运行的煤矿。从两次主震的强振幅面波中分别检测出7个和10个地震事件,但对应的强前震和余震波形中则没有检测到类似的多事件爆发模式。多种统计检验表明两次主震后短时爆发事件是动态触发事件。本文认为采矿相关的活动可能扰动了地下应力环境,从而使该地区比其他地区更容易被动态应力触发。 相似文献
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震群发震机理研究是近年来地震学研究的热点之一,其中基于观测现象对不同发震机理模型的分析和讨论是研究焦点.本文以2015年河北滦县震群为研究对象,首先通过模板匹配方法检测震群活动期间目录遗漏地震事件,得到更为完整的地震目录.再通过波形互相关震相检测技术标定地震事件在记录台站的震相到时,依据标定的震相到时,利用双差定位方法对震群进行精定位,基于地震精定位结果分析震群的震中扩展特征.最后通过波形互相关系数和破裂面重合程度检测震群中是否存在重复地震活动.通过计算共检测到目录遗漏地震事件103个.地震精定位结果显示发震构造为北东向断层,震中扩展表现出迁移速率先快后慢的两阶段线性扩展特征.震群活动期间共检测到两组重复地震活动,其中第一组发生在震中扩展的第一阶段,第二组发生在震中扩展的第二阶段.在三种常见的震群发震机理模型——级联触发模型、断层慢滑动模型和流体侵入模型中,断层慢滑动模型能够解释我们观测到的重复地震活动和震中线性扩展现象,因此认为此次滦县震群活动可能伴随断层的慢滑动,断层慢滑动可能对滦县震群的触发和持续活动起到一定作用. 相似文献
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对只有几个台站记录到区域地震的定位,用以走时为基础的定位方法是不理想的。然而,全面禁止核试验条约要求我们必须用很少的观测来监测地震事件。本文考察了单台定位方法的现状,即：使用三分向宽频速数字化台站的记录对地震事件定位。这里我们讨论的单台定位方法,最终可以是监测地球上大部分地区小震级（Ｍ～３）地震事件最有效最经济的手段,使用宽频带三分向观 资料和合成波形的拟合,可准确地确定震中距和震源深度。台站到地 相似文献
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The study of the stress-strain state of a medium in seismically quiet areas is difficult because of the absence of strong events. Under such circumstances, each earthquake, even relatively weak, is of high importance. In this case, all possible information on tectonic stresses and their dynamics, e.g., information on time, location, and magnitude of aftershocks, should be obtained from available seismic data. The earthquake near the town of Mariupol which occurred on August 7, 2016, had a body wave magnitude of 4.5–4.9 from the data of the different seismological centers. We detected 12 aftershocks that occurred within 5 days after the main shock using two seismic arrays (AKASG and BRTR) and one three-component station (KBZ) of the International Monitoring System, as well as two array stations of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences. For six aftershocks, signals were found at three or more stations. The other aftershocks were detected from the data at two out of three nearest stations. Signal detection and association with aftershocks of the main shock, as well as estimation of magnitude and relative location of the found aftershocks, were carried out using the method of waveform cross-correlation (WFCC). The signals from the main shock that acted as the only master event (ME) for the WFCC method were used as waveform templates. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to determine the exact onset time of regular seismic waves from aftershocks, we used waveform templates of different length, from 10 to 180 s depending on the wave type and distance to the station, as well as band filtering in narrow frequency bands. The highest sensitivity of the detector and accuracy of the P-wave onset time estimates were reached when a waveform template included all regular waves from P to L g . Association of signals with aftershocks was based on back projection of signal arrival times to origin times using the travel time from a master event to the station, which was measured with a very low error, being equal to almost half of the digitization step length. To develop a seismic event hypothesis, the origin times at two or more stations should be spaced within a 2-s interval. 相似文献
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Perspectives of Cross-Correlation in Seismic Monitoring at the International Data Centre 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We demonstrate that several techniques based on waveform cross-correlation are able to significantly reduce the detection threshold of seismic sources worldwide and to improve the reliability of arrivals by a more accurate estimation of their defining parameters. A master event and the events it can find using waveform cross-correlation at array stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) have to be close. For the purposes of the International Data Centre (IDC), one can use the spatial closeness of the master and slave events in order to construct a new automatic processing pipeline: all qualified arrivals detected using cross-correlation are associated with events matching the current IDC event definition criteria (EDC) in a local association procedure. Considering the repeating character of global seismicity, more than 90 % of events in the reviewed event bulletin (REB) can be built in this automatic processing. Due to the reduced detection threshold, waveform cross-correlation may increase the number of valid REB events by a factor of 1.5–2.0. Therefore, the new pipeline may produce a more comprehensive bulletin than the current pipeline—the goal of seismic monitoring. The analysts’ experience with the cross correlation event list (XSEL) shows that the workload of interactive processing might be reduced by a factor of two or even more. Since cross-correlation produces a comprehensive list of detections for a given master event, no additional arrivals from primary stations are expected to be associated with the XSEL events. The number of false alarms, relative to the number of events rejected from the standard event list 3 (SEL3) in the current interactive processing—can also be reduced by the use of several powerful filters. The principal filter is the difference between the arrival times of the master and newly built events at three or more primary stations, which should lie in a narrow range of a few seconds. In this study, one event at a distance of about 2,000 km from the main shock was formed by three stations, with the stations and both events on the same great circle. Such spurious events are rejected by checking consistency between detections at stations at different back azimuths from the source region. Two additional effective pre-filters are f–k analysis and F prob based on correlation traces instead of original waveforms. Overall, waveform cross-correlation is able to improve the REB completeness, to reduce the workload related to IDC interactive analysis, and to provide a precise tool for quality check for both arrivals and events. Some major improvements in automatic and interactive processing achieved by cross-correlation are illustrated using an aftershock sequence from a large continental earthquake. Exploring this sequence, we describe schematically the next steps for the development of a processing pipeline parallel to the existing IDC one in order to improve the quality of the REB together with the reduction of the magnitude threshold. 相似文献
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Seismic and infrasonic observations of signals from a sequence of near-surface explosions at a site on the Kola Peninsula have been analyzed. NORSAR’s automatic network processing of these events shows a significant scatter in the location estimates and, to improve the automatic classification of the events, we have performed full waveform cross-correlation on the data set. Although the signals from the different events share many characteristics, the waveforms do not exhibit a ripple-for-ripple correspondence and cross-correlation does not result in the classic delta-function indicative of repeating signals. Using recordings from the ARCES seismic array (250 km W of the events), we find that a correlation detector on a single channel or three-component station would not be able to detect subsequent events from this source without an unacceptable false alarm rate. However, performing the correlation on each channel of the full ARCES array, and stacking the resulting traces, generates a correlation detection statistic with a suppressed background level which is exceeded by many times its standard deviation on only very few occasions. Performing f-k analysis on the individual correlation coefficient traces, and rejecting detections indicating a non-zero slowness vector, results in a detection list with essentially no false alarms. Applying the algorithm to 8 years of continuous ARCES data identified over 350 events which we confidently assign to this sequence. The large event population provides additional confidence in relative travel-time estimates and this, together with the occurrence of many events between 2002 and 2004 when a temporary network was deployed in the region, reduces the variability in location estimates. The best seismic location estimate, incorporating phase information for many hundreds of events, is consistent with backazimuth measurements for infrasound arrivals at several stations at regional distances. At Lycksele, 800 km SW of the events, as well as at ARCES, infrasound is detected for most of the events in the summer and for few in the winter. At Apatity, some 230 km S of the estimated source location, infrasound is detected for most events. As a first step to providing a Ground Truth database for this useful source of infrasound, we provide the times of explosions for over 50 events spanning 1 year. 相似文献
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根据互相关系数不小于0.8的波形互相关意义上重复地震的定义, 利用国家数字地震台网中的乌什和巴楚台记录的区域地震波形数据, 识别并研究了新疆柯坪塔格断裂带及其周缘的板内重复地震. 对所有相互距离不超过30 km的地震事件的垂直分量采用0.5—5.0 Hz带通滤波后进行波形互相关计算. 其中乌什台共识别出460例重复地震, 组成重复地震对和多重地震对共171组, 占总事件数的15.5%; 巴楚台共识别出822例重复地震, 组成重复地震对和多重地震对共298组, 占总事件数的21.2%. 对重复地震的分析表明, 台站分布的不同和波形事件记录质量的差异, 是造成两个台站识别出的“重复地震”数目和比例不同的原因. 对重复地震复发的时间间隔统计表明, 重复间隔从数分钟到数百天不等, 最长重复间隔达10年. 相似文献
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大容量气枪震源激发探测因具绿色环保、传播距离远和高度重复性等特点成为地下介质探测的新方法,利用其进行地下介质物性变化高精度探测,则对不同激发条件下气枪传播信号的一致性提出要求。本文选取了祁连山主动源不同枪组（4支和3支气枪）在激发环境一致情况下分别激发时各远台波形记录,通过信号叠加、互相关及频谱分析等方法,对比分析了各台站记录的不同枪组激发信号,及其与震中距的关系,并讨论了不同枪组激发对地下介质走时变化观测的影响。结果表明：（1）不同枪组的激发信号波形相关度随震中距增大而降低,信号震相随激发能量有微弱的变化,震中距超过50 km后其变化几乎分辨不出;（2）远台接收信号的能量大小随主动源激发能量变化,各台站能量变化主要体现在优势频率范围内;（3）接收台站台基越坚固不同激发能量均方根振幅比越小;（4）叠加一定数量的波形可以有效提高远台记录信号的信噪比,增加气枪激发能量则相对更容易提高信号信噪比。 相似文献
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Real-time envelope cross-correlation detector: application to induced seismicity in the Insheim and Landau deep geothermal reservoirs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Margarete Vasterling Ulrich Wegler Jan Becker Andrea Brüstle Monika Bischoff 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(1):193-208
We develop and test a real-time envelope cross-correlation detector for use in seismic response plans to mitigate hazard of induced seismicity. The incoming seismological data are cross-correlated in real-time with a set of previously recorded master events. For robustness against small changes in the earthquake source locations or in the focal mechanisms we cross-correlate the envelopes of the seismograms rather than the seismograms themselves. Two sequenced detection conditions are implemented: After passing a single trace cross-correlation condition, a network cross-correlation is calculated taking amplitude ratios between stations into account. Besides detecting the earthquake and assigning it to the respective reservoir, real-time magnitudes are important for seismic response plans. We estimate the magnitudes of induced microseismicity using the relative amplitudes between master event and detected event. The real-time detector is implemented as a SeisComP3 module. We carry out offline and online performance tests using seismic monitoring data of the Insheim and Landau geothermal power plants (Upper Rhine Graben, Germany), also including blasts from a nearby quarry. The comparison of the automatic real-time catalogue with a manually processed catalogue shows, that with the implemented parameters events are always correctly assigned to the respective reservoir (4 km distance between reservoirs) or the quarry (8 km and 10 km distance, respectively, from the reservoirs). The real-time catalogue achieves a magnitude of completeness around 0.0. Four per cent of the events assigned to the Insheim reservoir and zero per cent of the Landau events are misdetections. All wrong detections are local tectonic events, whereas none are caused by seismic noise. 相似文献
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The Applicability of Modern Methods of Earthquake Location 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Paul G. Richards Felix Waldhauser David Schaff Won-Young Kim 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(2-3):351-372
We compare traditional methods of seismic event location, based on phase pick data and analysis of events one-at-a-time, with
a modern method based on cross-correlation measurements and joint analysis of numerous events. In application to four different
regions representing different types of seismicity and monitored with networks of different station density, we present preliminary
results indicating what fraction of seismic events may be amenable to analysis with modern methods. The latter can supply
locations ten to a hundred times more precise than traditional methods. Since good locations of seismic sources are needed
as the starting point for so many user communities, and potentially can be provided due to current improvements in easily-accessible
computational capability, we advocate wide-scale application of modern methods in the routine production of bulletins of seismicity.
This effort requires access to waveform archives from well-calibrated stations that have long operated at the same location. 相似文献
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与滑坡变形相关的微震称作滑坡震,反映了滑坡上不稳定区域对外界环境因素的响应,分析滑坡体微震事件的地震学性质能够为理解滑坡的动力学过程、进行滑坡稳定性分析以及灾害防治提供关键信息。放置在滑坡上的地震仪不但能记录到和滑坡变形相关的微震,可能还会记录到一些人类活动信号。滑坡上的人类活动产生的震动事件给滑坡震探测带来挑战。梭坡滑坡位于四川省丹巴县大渡河左岸猴子岩水库库尾,是丹巴县古碉群的集中分布区之一,近年来滑坡灾害频发,其稳定性对古碉群保护和水库蓄水位的选择均十分重要。为监测该滑坡体局部破裂产生的微震信号,2017年2月至3月在滑坡上布设了34台三分量短周期地震仪。基于信号到时和波形特征确定几类模板事件,采用滑动时窗互相关的方法检测微震事件,并对信噪比较高的事件进行定位。根据事件的位置和到时信息,估算出滑坡体东西部浅层沉积层面波速度结构存在一定差异,表明了滑坡浅层沉积层物质分布的横向不均匀。根据这些事件的发生时间和波形特征,认为除了滑坡震,梭坡滑坡上还存在燃放烟花造成的震动事件。 相似文献
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Thisarticle presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for classification of low magnitude seismic events reported
in Iran by the network of Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO). ANFIS classifiers were used to detect
seismic events using six inputs that defined the seismic events. Neuro-fuzzy coding was applied using the six extracted features
as ANFIS inputs. Two types of events were defined: weak earthquakes and mining blasts. The data comprised 748 events (6289
signals) ranging from magnitude 1.1 to 4.6 recorded at 13 seismic stations between 2004 and 2009. We surveyed that there are
almost 223 earthquakes with M ≤ 2.2 included in this database. Data sets from the south, east, and southeast of the city of
Tehran were used to evaluate the best short period seismic discriminants, and features as inputs such as origin time of event,
distance (source to station), latitude of epicenter, longitude of epicenter, magnitude, and spectral analysis (fc of the Pg
wave) were used, increasing the rate of correct classification and decreasing the confusion rate between weak earthquakes
and quarry blasts. The performance of the ANFIS model was evaluated for training and classification accuracy. The results
confirmed that the proposed ANFIS model has good potential for determining seismic events. 相似文献
20.
I. O. Kitov S. G. Volosov S. B. Kishkina N. L. Konstantinovskaya K. S. Nepeina M. A. Nesterkina I. A. Sanina 《Seismic Instruments》2016,52(1):19-31
A small-aperture seismic array consisting of seven three-component seismometers carried out continuous measurements of regional seismicity in a selected area of the Nizhni Novgorod nuclear power plant during four months of 2013. Automatic signal detection using beamforming was applied separately for each motion component. Two horizontal components were transformed into radial and transverse components for the given values of the velocity and azimuth of the plane wave front. We have investigated the dependence of the coherence of microseismic noise on frequency, azimuth, and slowness, as well as determining the level of cross-correlation between signals on separate channels in order to estimate expected improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio, which is crucial for signal detection. Most signals detected by the seismic array from regional sources are associated with quarry blasts. Using repetitive explosions at seven quarries, we have quantitatively estimated and compared the increase in detection efficiency of regional seismic phases using a three-component small aperture seismic array and a subarray of vertical sensors. Horizontal sensors showed a higher efficiency in the detection of transverse waves, while the subarray of vertical sensors missed S-waves from certain events. For one of the nearby quarries, the vertical subarray missed up to 25% of events (5 of 20). The results of the investigation point to the need for the use of three-component seismic arrays for the study of regional seismicity. 相似文献