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1.
在世界虾渔业中,捕捞效率最高的是虾拖网。因此国外不断改进虾拖网渔具渔法或设计新型虾拖网。在我国南海,现有的虾渔具为拖网、流刺网、张网、敷网等,也以拖网渔获量占居优势。长期以来,鱼虾混获成为世界虾拖网渔业者迫切希望解决的一个重大问题。在我国南海虾拖网渔业中,鱼虾混获问题也十分突出。 (1)南海现用的虾拖网主要是扒罟网,这些网的网目尺寸比鱼拖网小得多,尤其是 相似文献
2.
黄渤海区捕捞结构的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2010年对黄渤海沿海32个主要渔港、渔村和5家网具生产厂家的实地调查和现场测量资料,结合2009年度三省一市(河北、辽宁、山东、天津)的渔具渔法调查报告以及1983~2009年中国渔业年鉴中记载的捕捞产量分类统计资料,对黄渤海区捕捞结构进行了研究.研究结果表明,黄渤海区主要捕捞品种有30种之多,其中年渔获量超过万吨的有14种鱼类、5种甲壳类、4种头足类、2种海蜇和6种贝类.渔业资源品种的多样性决定了黄渤海区捕捞结构的多样化和多层次的特点,现有9大类19型23式130种网型或作业方式,同时受渔业资源变动的影响,捕捞网具也在变化,不断有旧的渔具消失和新的网具出现.其中,拖网是主要作业方式,贡献率为38.47%~51.79%,且近几年还有上升的趋势;其次为刺网,贡献率从1983年最低时的7.66%逐步上升到目前的30.14%;第三为张网,贡献率从1985年最高时的34.31%下降到目前的10.49%;围网和钓具的贡献率一直较低,均不足4%,其他渔具的贡献率为5.98%~13.30%.目前黄渤海区渔业结构的调整方向应当是减少拖网作业,控制刺网总量,限制张网、陷阱类渔具和地笼,鼓励发展钓渔业 相似文献
3.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
本文根据2014年秋季青岛斋堂岛海域双桩竖杆张网的网囊网目选择性试验数据,运用PRIMER软件中的相似性分析、非参数多维标度分析和相似性百分比分析模块分析了张网渔具种类选择性。试验采用平行作业法,以传统网具(2a=16mm的菱形目网囊)作为对照网,设计了网目尺寸(2a)为30和35mm的菱形目网囊(以30D和35D表示)和网目尺寸(2a)为20、30和35mm的方形目网囊(以20S、30S和35S表示),进行选择性实验。研究显示:(1)35D、30S和35S渔获组成与对照网存在显著性差异,其余各网之间差异不显著。(2)改良后的试验网具能有效释放舒氏海龙;除20S组外,其余各试验网对方氏云鳚亦有较好的释放效果。(3)方形目网囊较相同尺寸的菱形目网囊具有更好的种类选择性;对相同网目形状的试验网囊进行比较,种类选择性随网目尺寸的增大而增大。(4)综合分析不同网具的渔获物组成和规格,在斋堂岛海域秋季小黄鱼、带鱼渔汛期,推荐使用30mm方形目网囊;方氏云鳚渔汛期,推荐使用20mm方形目网囊进行捕捞作业。研究结果表明,运用多元统计软件PRIMER进行张网渔具种类选择性分析虽然存在待完善之处,但该方法为本领域研究提供了有益参考。 相似文献
4.
为支撑《全国海洋捕捞准用渔具目录》的实施与管理,本文利用套网法在黄海区海州湾海域开展了黄海双船变水层疏目拖网网囊选择性研究。在分析渔获的基础上,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)、Logistic模型等分析方法,获得了双船变水层疏目拖网渔获物种类组成、优势种和主要渔获物竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)的选择性曲线。研究显示,随着网囊网目尺寸的增加,渔获物质量和逃逸率均逐渐增加;竹荚鱼、小黄鱼和带鱼的50%选择体长(L_(0.5))逐渐增大,且L_(0.5)与网囊网目尺寸呈线性关系;双船变水层疏目拖网网囊最小网目尺寸按照底拖网54 mm网目尺寸标准执行偏小。根据试验结果,结合小黄鱼、竹荚鱼和带鱼最小可捕规格,变水层疏目拖网网囊最佳网目尺寸分别为65.78、78.82和67.36 mm。在目前渔业资源状况下,为保护小黄鱼等中小型经济鱼类,建议将双船变水层疏目拖网网囊最小网目尺寸(网目内径)设定为66 mm。研究结果可为我国近海捕捞渔具管理以及渔业资源的可持续发展提供理论支撑。 相似文献
5.
我国渔业历史悠久。据考证:早在6000多年前,内地就出现了原始的钓具和网具;约在4000年前的夏代,便有人开始在沿海捕鱼。到了2000多年前的春秋战国时代,沿海诸国曾以渔业作为富强的重要手段之一,其中以地处山东半岛的齐国较为著名。唐代的《渔具诗序》和宋代的《渔樵答问》,是罕见的记述渔具、渔法的专著。明、清两代,记述渔具、渔法的史料较多。以上这些都表明了我国渔业捕捞技术和渔业管理,在世界渔业史上是居于前列的。 相似文献
6.
定置网具是1种被动过滤性渔具,其渔获效果往往受水流、底质以及季节等因素的影响.为了改进传统的定置网具,本试验参考定置张网、多门网箱簖以及底层鱼诱捕定置网箱等定置网中拦网、八字门的设计参数,结合本次试验条件设计了由拦网、八字门组成的模型网,研究了鲤、草鱼在400 Hz矩形波连续音的刺激下对该模型网的行为反应,探讨了音响驯化技术与定置网具相结合的联合渔法中拦网、八字门的相关参数以及开发新渔具、渔法的可行性.结果表明,鲤、草鱼在声音刺激下能够通过模型网至聚集区内聚集,其平均开始进入拦网时间分别为76.9和89.4 s;平均开始进入八字门时间分别为79.3和71.2 s;平均开始聚集时间分别为120.0和96.0 s;平均聚集时间分别为125.8和87.8 s;平均聚集率为76.5%和84.2%.由此可见,结合音响驯化技术能够提高定置网具的捕捞效率. 相似文献
7.
8.
流刺网，简称流网，是一种长带型网具，渔民在作业时将其垂直放置于水中，截断鱼类的洄游通道，使鱼刺挂于网内或缠络于网衣上，以达到捕捞的目的。流网在深水底层用得较少，大多放流于海洋上层。在上层流网中，鲑鳟鱼流网网衣的目大为11 cm～13 cm，鱿鱼流网的目大为8 cm～12 cm，金枪鱼流网的目大为17 cm～22 cm。这类网具结构简单，操作方便，渔获品种大，价格高，因此成为渔民最常用的渔具之一。20世纪70年代以后，随着助渔导航机械仪器的进步，日本、韩国和中国台湾省许多从事延绳钓作业的渔民纷纷改用流网到公海捕鱼。太平洋上的大型… 相似文献
9.
1989－1999年开展光诱鱿鱼浮拖网渔具渔法研究的生产试验结果为：1998年生产试验86个夜（航次），总产量33．225t，其中鱿鱼产量为12．470t，占总产量的37．5％，总产值139000元，比同村光诱敷网的平均产量（31．62t）高5．1％左右。1999年生产试验80夜（航次），总产量54．66t，其中鱿鱼产量31．92t，占总产量的58．4％，总产值187000元。试验网产量比同村光诱敷网的平均产量（45．64t)增产19．76％，产值增加22．65％，鱿鱼产量占总渔获量的比例提高近10个百分点，投入产出比为1：1．684。取得了较好的试验结果，达到了预期试验目的。此外，文中还讨论了水上灯数量，网具规格和柔性网板等对生产效果和捕捞对象的影响及适应性情况，并建议开展光场强度及其分布的海上实测和光场强度对鱿鱼，趋光性鱼类的行为习性以及生长影响等试验研究，制定出光诱鱿鱼浮报网和敷网作业诱鱼灯数量和分布标准，以合理利用鱿鱼和中上层鱼类资源，实现可持续发展。 相似文献
10.
船位监控系统（vessel monitoring system,VMS）数据在渔船作业特征挖掘分析方面已有较多应用。本文以粤渔10000/10011双拖渔船2017年8月16日—9月16日的VMS数据为例,详细分析了该双拖渔船的作业状态,研究了航次和网次提取方法,并对捕捞强度的空间分布进行了分析。研究结果表明,粤渔10000/10011有4个航速区间,分别为<1.0 m/s、1.0~1.8 m/s、1.8~2.9 m/s和>2.9 m/s,对应渔船的抛锚和慢速、夜间拖网航速、白天拖网航速和巡航状态;2017年8月16日—9月16日期间,粤渔10000/10011共进行了5个航次19个网次的拖网作业,其捕捞强度空间分布呈现近岸海域高离岸海域低的特征,且夜间拖网主要在离岸海域,白天拖网会转移到水深相对浅的近岸海域。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
19.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
20.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献