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1.
Wenjin Sun Jingsong Yang Wei Tan Yu Liu Baojun Zhao Yijun He Changming Dong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):1-2
The spatial distribution of eddy diffusivity, basic characteristics of coherent mesoscale eddies and their relationship are analyzed from numerical model outputs in the Southern Ocean. Mesoscale fluctuation information is obtained by a temporal-spatial filtering method, and the eddy diffusivity is calculated using a linear regression analysis between isoneutral thickness flux and large-scale isoneutral thickness gradient. The eddy diffusivity is on the order of O (103 m2/s) with a significant spatial variation, and it is larger in the area with strong coherent mesoscale eddy activity. The mesoscale eddies are mainly located in the upper ocean layer, with the average intensity no larger than 0.2. The mean radius of the coherent mesoscale cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy gradually decays from (121.2±10.4) km ((117.8±9.6) km) at 30°S to (43.9±5.3) km ((44.7±4.9) km) at 65°S. Their vertical penetration depths (lifespans) are deeper (longer) between the northern side of the Subpolar Antarctic Front and 48°S. The normalized eddy diffusivity and coherent mesoscale eddy activity show a significant positive correlation, indicating that coherent mesoscale eddy plays an important role in eddy diffusivity. 相似文献
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中尺度涡旋是海洋中典型的中尺度现象，是海洋中能量传递的运输者，中尺度涡识别与提取是物理海洋学研究的重要内容之一，而中尺度涡自动发现算法是最基础的用于寻找与分析中尺度涡的工具。中尺度涡旋探测工作的数据来源主要为卫星高度计数据融合出的SLA数据，该数据可以客观的描述海洋表层高度状态。中尺度涡表示为SLA闭合等值线所包围的局部等值区域，涡旋识别需要从SLA数据中提取出稳定的闭合等值线结构。针对基于SLA数据中的中尺度涡探测的特点，本文提出了一种新的基于聚类方法的中尺度涡自动识别算法，通过对SLA数据集的分割与筛选将中尺度涡区域与背景区域分离，后建立区域内联系并将其映射到SLA地图上来提取中尺度涡结构。本文算法解决了传统探测算法中参数设定的敏感性问题，不需要进行稳定性测试，算法适应性增强。算法中加入了涡旋筛选机制，保证了结果的涡旋结构的稳定性，提高了识别准确率。在此基础上，本文选取了西北太平洋及中国南海地区进行了中尺度涡探测实验，实验结果展示出了本文算法在较传统算法提高算法效率的同时，也保持着较高的算法稳定性，可以在稳定识别各个单涡结构的同时识别稳定的多涡结构。 相似文献
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针对海洋中尺度涡对水声传播的影响,利用中尺度涡区的历史水文实测数据提取涡旋强度,空间尺度等中尺度涡特征参数,建立了海洋中尺度涡理论计算模型。运用MMPE水下声场模型仿真试验研究了涡旋性质、强度和位置、声源频率和置放深度对声传播特性的影响。结果表明：暖涡使得会聚区的位置“后退”,会聚区宽度增加;冷涡使得会聚区的位置“前移”,会聚区宽度减小。涡旋的强度越大,“前移”或“回退”的效应越显著。 相似文献
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LIAO Guanghong YANG Chenghao XU Xiaohu SHI Xingang YUAN Yaochu HUANG Weigen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(5):26-40
The mesoscale eddy and internal wave both are phenomena commonly observed in oceans. It is aimed to investigate how the presence of a mesoscale eddy in the ocean affects wave form deformation of the internal solitary wave propagation. An ocean eddy is produced by a quasi-geostrophic model in f-plane, and the one-dimensional nonlinear variable-coefficient extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) equation is used to simulate an internal solitary wave passing through the mesoscale eddy field. The results suggest that the mode structures of the linear internal wave are modified due to the presence of the mesoscale eddy field. A cyclonic eddy and an anticyclonic eddy have different influences on the background environment of the internal solitary wave propagation. The existence of a mesoscale eddy field has almost no prominent impact on the propagation of a smallamplitude internal solitary wave only based on the first mode vertical structure, but the mesoscale eddy background field exerts a considerable influence on the solitary wave propagation if considering high-mode vertical structures. Furthermore, whether an internal solitary wave first passes through anticyclonic eddy or cyclonic eddy, the deformation of wave profiles is different. Many observations of solitary internal waves in the real oceans suggest the formation of the waves. Apart from topography effect, it is shown that the mesoscale eddy background field is also a considerable factor which influences the internal solitary wave propagation and deformation. 相似文献
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南海北部海域是南海中尺度涡的高发区,该海区的多尺度动力过程及相互作用经常对海上工程安全造成重大影响。针对“FPSO-119”海洋工程施工船在2021年5月8日20时左右遇到“怪流”后瞬时大幅度失位现象,在排除内波等其他海洋现象与外因影响的前提下,利用海表面高度异常（SLA）数据、HYCOM模式数据以及现场实测数据,分析认为“怪流”是施工海域内中尺度涡与潮流正向叠加所导致。在此基础上,结合TPXO潮流预报数据,提出了一种将中尺度涡流与潮流矢量叠加的涡流预报方法,并通过FVCOM数值预报,对施工海域的中尺度涡流进行预报。经过与现场实测数据的后报检验,该方法能够反映施工海域内涡流在未来2 d内的主要运动特征,可作为海上工程应对“怪流”的重要参考,在工程应用中结合内波流、风海流等其他信息综合考虑分析,可更好地为海洋工程和船舶航行等提供安全保障。 相似文献
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Numerical study on the interactions between a mesoscale eddy and a western boundary current 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
A reduced-gravity primitive equation eddy resolving model has been used to study the decay of a mesoscale eddy as it migrates
toward a western boundary current (WBC) region. The model results indicated that the gradient of the relative vorticity to
the east of the WBC is an important factor in the interaction between an eddy and a WBC. A circular eddy is deformed into
an elliptical form during the eddy–WBC interaction with the major axis of a cyclonic/anticyclonic eddy aligning in the NW/NNE
direction, respectively. Because of the difference in the major axes orientations for the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies,
the kinetic energy transfer between a WBC and a particular eddy has very different behavior. A cyclonic eddy loses its energy
to the mean field, whereas an anticyclonic eddy can obtain energy from the mean flow during the WBC–eddy interaction. An anticyclonic
eddy, however, still decayed from losing its water and friction dissipation during the interaction period. 相似文献
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作为重要的海洋中尺度现象之一,中尺度涡的研究受到人们的关注和重视。随着数值模式的进一步发展、卫星资料的累积、时间更长以及更多更有效的海上实测数据的取得,使得综合利用实测资料、卫星遥感资料、再分析/数值预报产品等数据源,对中尺度涡进行自动识别与三维结构分析成为中尺度涡研究的主要方向之一。在前期对卫星遥感资料中尺度涡自动检测算法进行研究的基础上,开展多源资料中尺度涡三维结构分析方法研究,以表面漂流浮标运动轨迹为中尺度涡的判定依据,综合利用高度计观测、红外遥感观测、以及再分析/数值预报产品分析中尺度涡三维结构信息,在此基础上,提出中尺度涡研究的发展方向,为全面分析中尺度涡的时空特性提供技术途径,为中尺度涡的动力机制研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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通过构建中尺度涡的数学模型,利用射线-简正波-抛物方程(RMPE)声学模型进行传播损失计算,进而分析在深海声道、深海会聚区、海底反射3种传播模式下,中尺度涡对深海声效应的影响。数值仿真结果显示,暖涡对深海声道、会聚区产生下压效果,使会聚区水平距离变大,深海声道深度方向上变宽;冷涡使会聚区上抬,距离变短,对声场散射现象明显。研究结果表明,涡旋环境条件下,声场特征会产生显著变化。试验结果揭示了中尺度涡对深海声场效应的影响,对指导海上运用中尺度涡现象开展的科学研究、工程实践、军事运用具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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Mesoscale eddies off Peru in altimeter records: Identification algorithms and eddy spatio-temporal patterns 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
Relatively little is known about coherent vortices in the eastern South-Pacific along the Peruvian coast, even with regard to basic facts about their frequency of occurrence, longevity and structure. This study addresses these issues with nearly 15 years of relatively high-resolution satellite altimetry measurements.We first compare two distinct automated methods for eddy identification. The objective validation protocol shows that the rarely-used geometrical or “winding-angle method”, based on the curvature of the streamline functions, is more accurate than the commonly-used “Okubo–Weiss algorithm”, which defines a vortex as a simple connected region with values of Okubo–Weiss parameter weaker than a given threshold.We then investigate vortices off Peru using more than 20,000 mesoscale eddies identified by the winding-angle method. Coherent eddies, characterized by a high ratio of vorticity to deformation rate, are typically formed along the coast and propagate westward at 3–6 cm s−1. The vortices have a mean radius of 80 km, increasing northward, and are most frequently observed off of Chimbote (9°S) and south of San Juan (15°S). The mean eddy lifetime is about 1 month, but if eddies survive at least 2 months, the probability for surviving an additional week (or month) is constant at 90% (or 67%). Anticyclonic eddies tend to propagate northwestward whereas cyclonic vortices migrate southwestward. In general, cyclones and anticyclones are similar, except for eddies surviving at least 6 months. In this case, after a similar 3–4 months of radius and amplitude growth, amplitudes (or sizes) decay particularly rapidly for anticyclonic (or cyclonic) eddies. In terms of intensity, cyclonic eddies show a rapid decay during the first 3 months before arriving at a quasi-constant value, whereas anticyclones exhibit steady decline. Finally, eddy temporal variations were examined at seasonal and interannual scales in the “coastal” region favorable to the formation of energetic mesoscale structures. On seasonal scales, eddy activity is maximal in fall and minimum in spring. At interannual scales, the eddy activity index was maximal during the strong El Niño of 1997–1998 but another strong maximum of eddy activity also occurred late in 2004. These temporal variations are probably associated with the intensification of the upwelling thermal front and with the passage of coastal-trapped waves which generate baroclinic instabilities. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved on the eddy genesis is needed. 相似文献
11.
《Ocean Modelling》2008,20(3):223-239
A turbulence closure for the effect of mesoscale eddies in non-eddy-resolving ocean models is proposed. The closure consists of a prognostic equation for the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) that is integrated as an additional model equation, and a diagnostic relation for an eddy length scale (L), which is given by the minimum of Rhines scale and Rossby radius. Combining EKE and L using a standard mixing length assumption gives a diffusivity (K), corresponding to the thickness diffusivity in the [Gent, P.R., McWilliams, J.C. 1990. Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 150–155] parameterisation. Assuming downgradient mixing of potential vorticity with identical diffusivity shows how K is related to horizontal and vertical mixing processes in the horizontal momentum equation, and also enables us to parameterise the source of EKE related to eddy momentum fluxes.The mesoscale eddy closure is evaluated using synthetic data from two different eddy-resolving models covering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean, respectively. The diagnosis shows that the mixing length assumption together with the definition of eddy length scales is valid within certain limitations. Furthermore, implementation of the closure in non-eddy-resolving models of the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean shows consistently that the closure has skill at reproducing the results of the eddy-resolving model versions in terms of EKE and K. 相似文献
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The evolution of the mesoscale cyclonic eddy is analysed by means of a dynamic baroclinic quasi-geostrophic model. The initial field and boundary conditions defined in the course of observations made in the POLYMODE area during 24 July–23 August 1978 are used. The estimation model eddy field obtained is compared with the observation results.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Numerical simulations of eddies in the Gulf of Lion 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
We present realistic simulations of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies, present in the western side of the Gulf of Lion and generally observed in satellite imagery during July and August. A nested model of 1-km resolution covering the Gulf of Lion is implemented from a coarse model of 3-km resolution. The models use an upwind-type advection–diffusion scheme, in which the numerical diffusion term is adjusted by an attenuation coefficient. Sensitivity tests have been carried out, varying the model spatial resolution and the attenuation coefficient to reproduce the (sub)mesoscale structures. A wavelet technique is applied to analyze the modelled horizontal relative vorticity in order to define the area, position and tracking duration of the eddy structures. Comparisons between the modelled eddies and those observed by satellite have allowed us to choose the best model setup. With this setup, the studied anticyclonic eddy lasted for 60 days. 相似文献
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James R. Ledwell Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr. Laurence A. Anderson 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1139
An intense deep chlorophyll layer in the Sargasso Sea was reported near the center of an anticyclonic mode-water eddy by McGillicuddy et al. [2007. Eddy–wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms, Science, accepted]. The high chlorophyll was associated with anomalously high concentrations of diatoms and with a maximum in the vertical profile of 14C primary productivity. Here we report tracer measurements of the vertical advection and turbulent diffusion of deep-water nutrients into this chlorophyll layer. Tracer released in the chlorophyll layer revealed upward motion relative to isopycnal surfaces of about 0.4 m/d, due to solar heating and mixing. The density surfaces themselves shoaled by about 0.1 m/d. The upward flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, averaged over 36 days, was approximately 0.6 mmol/m2/d due to both upwelling and mixing. This flux is about 40% of the basin wide, annually averaged, nitrogen flux required to drive the annual new production in the Sargasso Sea, estimated from the oxygen cycle in the euphotic zone, the oxygen demand below the euphotic zone, and from the 3He excess in the mixed layer. The observed upwelling of the fluid was consistent with theoretical models [Dewar, W.K., Flierl, G.R., 1987. Some effects of wind on rings. Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, 1653–1667; Martin, A.P., Richards, K.J., 2001. Mechanisms for vertical nutrient transport within a North Atlantic mesoscale eddy. Deep-Sea Research II 48, 757–773] in which eddy surface currents cause spatial variations in surface stress. The diapycnal diffusivity at the base of the euphotic zone was 3.5±0.5×10−5 m2/s. Diapycnal mixing was probably enhanced over more typical values by the series of storms passing over the eddy during the experiment and may have been enhanced further by the trapping of near-inertial waves generated within the eddy. 相似文献
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A coupled ocean-ice-wave model is used to study ice-edge jet and eddy genesis during surface gravity wave dissipation in a frazil-pancake ice zone. With observational data from the Beaufort Sea, possible wave dissipation processes are evaluated using sensitivity experiments. As wave energy dissipated, energy was transferred into ice floe through radiation stress. Later, energy was in turn transferred into current through ocean-ice interfacial stress. Since most of the wave energy is dissipated at the ice edge, ice-edge jets, which contained strong horizontal shear, appeared both in the ice zone and the ocean. Meanwhile, the wave propagation direction determines the velocity partition in the along-ice-edge and cross-ice-edge directions, which in turn determines the strength of the along-ice-edge jet and cross-ice-edge velocity. The momentum applied in the along-ice-edge(cross-ice-edge)direction increased(decreased) with larger incident angle, which is favorable condition for producing stronger mesoscale eddies, vice versa. The dissipation rate increases(decreases) with larger(smaller) wavenumber, which enhances(reduces) the jet strength and the strength of the mesoscale eddy. The strong along-ice-edge jet may extend to a deep layer(> 200 m). If the water depth is too shallow(e.g., 80 m), the jet may be largely dampened by bottom drag, and no visible mesoscale eddies are found. The results suggest that the bathymetry and incident wavenumber(magnitude and propagation direction) are important for wave-driven current and mesoscale eddy genesis. 相似文献
17.
在前人的工作中，拉格朗日分析法被用来演示大尺度环流，同时拉格朗日拟序结构可以较好的演示中尺度涡两维结构的发展过程。然而，很少研究关注怎么利用拉格朗日分析法针对中尺度涡三维结构进行演示。与以往利用欧拉方法研究中尺度涡三维结构的工作不同，我们利用拉格朗日分析法，从另一个视角来研究涡旋结构。我们在海山上方模拟出一个理想的气旋涡，涡旋内的下沉流和涡旋旁的上升流形成一个闭合的环流。这种结构很难从欧拉角度来演示。然而，粒子的运动轨迹很好地展示了整个循环:流体在涡旋中旋转下沉，汇聚到底层的上升流区，并通过上升流返回到海表面。我们也将拉格朗日分析法应用于真实的模拟结果中。作为中国南海的一个重要现象，靠近越南中部的海域中的偶极子（反气旋涡/气旋涡），关于其结构的研究已经比较成熟了，但这些研究主要关注的是海面过程。通过拉格朗日分析，我们很好的演示了偶极子的三维结构:流体在反气旋涡(气旋涡)内部旋转上升(下沉)。更重要的是，粒子的轨迹表明，这两个涡旋之间不存在水团交换，因为强边界急流将它们彼此分开。以上结论均得到了计算误差估计的可信度支持。尽管在强辐散流和强垂直扩散流中，计算误差逐渐增大，但是在一定的时间步长和积分周期内，计算误差始终保持在一个较小的值。 相似文献
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孟加拉湾内和湾口附近有丰富的中尺度现象,本文利用2.0版可分辨低纬地区中尺度涡的Chelton数据集,通过溯源的方法得到中尺度涡的源地分布。苏门答腊岛西北海域(以5°N,94°E为核心的区域)是中尺度涡重要源区之一。通过拉格朗日方法的涡旋追踪表明,1993—2017年该海域(3°N—6°N、92°E—95°E),分别有57个气旋式和40个反气旋式中尺度涡。频谱分析显示海表面高度异常存在180 d和360 d两个显著周期。地形和风场的共同作用是该海域产生中尺度涡的动力机制：沿5°N西传的罗斯贝波在海岭地形的作用下触发了中尺度涡的生成;赤道风场是源区重要的能量来源,局地风场能诱发中尺度涡的极性。本研究也揭示了以往文献虽刻画了苏门答腊岛西北部海域为高涡动能区,却没有识别出较多中尺度涡的原因。 相似文献
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Observations of the Labrador Sea eddy field 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jonathan M. Lilly Peter B. RhinesFriedrich Schott Kara LavenderJohn Lazier Uwe SendEric D’Asaro 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,59(1):75-176
This paper is an observational study of small-scale coherent eddies in the Labrador Sea, a region of dense water formation thought to be of considerable importance to the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Numerical studies of deep convection emphasize coherent eddies as a mechanism for the lateral transport of heat, yet their small size has hindered observational progress. A large part of this paper is therefore devoted to developing new methods for identifying and describing coherent eddies in two observational platforms, current meter moorings and satellite altimetry. Details of the current and water mass structure of individual eddy events, as they are swept past by an advecting flow, can then be extracted from the mooring data. A transition is seen during mid-1997, with long-lived boundary current eddies dominating the central Labrador Sea year-round after this time, and convectively formed eddies similar to those seen in deep convection modeling studies apparent prior to this time. The TOPEX / Poseidon altimeter covers the Labrador Sea with a loose “net” of observations, through which coherent eddies can seem to appear and disappear. By concentrating on locating and describing anomalous events in individual altimeter tracks, a portrait of the spatial and temporal variability of the underlying eddy field can be constructed. The altimeter results reveal an annual “pulsation” of energy and of coherent eddies originating during the late fall at a particular location in the boundary current, pinpointing the time and place of the boundary current-type eddy formation. The interannual variability seen at the mooring is reproduced, but the mooring site is found to be within a localized region of greatly enhanced eddy activity. Notably lacking in both the annual cycle and interannual variability is a clear relationship between the eddies or eddy energy and the intensity of wintertime cooling. These eddy observations, as well as hydrographic evidence, suggest an active role for boundary current dynamics in shaping the energetics and water mass properties of the interior region. 相似文献
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系统整理的历史实测海流和温盐资料显示出青岛─石岛近海水域全年都存在着中尺度反气旋式涡旋运动．利用二维数值模式,首次模拟出该涡旋的存在,并对这一涡旋的形成机制进行了探讨,数值模拟结果和实测吻合良好．数值计算表明：在冬季盛行风的作用下,山东半岛南岸出现减水,迫使北上的黄海暖流中的一部分向西北方向延伸,在到达山东半岛近海后向右转向,形成东北向沿岸流,这样,与绕过山东半岛大约沿40～50m等深线南下的黄海沿岸流作用,在青岛─石岛近海形成一个中尺度反气旋涡旋．夏季由于偏南风的作用,致使山东半岛南部近海浅水区域海水都向东北方向流动,与沿黄海冷水团锋面南下的黄海沿岸流相作用,由于流速切变也形成了上述涡旋． 相似文献