共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
长牡蛎 （Crassostrea gigas） 是我国重要的海水养殖贝类，近年其大规模死亡现象频繁发生。为了解长牡蛎的免疫基因在季节上的表达模式变化规律及死亡爆发高峰期的水环境情况，在其主养区山东乳山进行了相关研究。分别在 2018 年 1、 3、5—9 月对该地区牡蛎鳃样品做了免疫基因定量分析，在 6、7、9 月对养殖海域的环境因子 （水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧）、各时间点水体里的浮游植物数量及各采样点牡蛎条件指数的变化进行了研究。结果显示，HSP70 在 7 月份高表达，其余 5 个抗性相关基因在 8 月表达水平达到峰值。在测量的三个月中，7 月水温最高，6 月和 9 月水温略低于 7 月，这一结果和表达模式相关。研究表明近岸的藻类丰度更大。因此，温度是影响长牡蛎存活的各环境因子中的主要因素，温度显著影响到体内抗性基因的表达情况并且间接影响到夏季牡蛎的条件指数。 相似文献
2.
海洋贝类在长期的进化过程中具备了复杂和独特的免疫体系,为免疫防御系统的适应性进化研究提供了典型实例。目前海洋贝类天然免疫系统经典分子在后生动物演化历程中的特点尚不明确。为探究模式识别受体Toll样受体(TLR)及其接头分子髓样分化因子(MyD88)基因家族在后生动物中的进化历程,研究了32个后生动物演化代表性物种中TLR及MyD88基因家族的系统发育关系,以长牡蛎为代表物种探讨了长牡蛎TLRs和MyD88s在病原感染、环境胁迫、早期发育和组织分化条件下的基因表达模式。结果表明,海洋贝类中普遍存在TLR和MyD88基因家族的扩张,在腹足类和双壳类中检测到两个基因家族谱系特异性的基因扩张, 46个长牡蛎特异性扩张的TLR基因能够被病原诱导表达,且在不同类型的病原感染下,其表达模式具有特异性。和病原诱导表达的TLRs相比,参与牡蛎早期发育的TLRs起源相对古老。研究结果表明,海洋贝类天然免疫模式识别受体TLR及其接头分子MyD88通过基因复制和表达分化形成了复杂特异的信号传导通路,这有助于深入了解海洋贝类的天然免疫防御系统的特点,丰富后生动物天然免疫进化的脉络。 相似文献
3.
大部分无脊椎动物缺乏基于经典抗体和记忆细胞的适应性免疫, 因而天然免疫在无脊椎动物免疫防御中发挥不可或缺的作用。可变剪接正是产生天然免疫多样性和特异性的重要途径。牡蛎(Crassostrea)是全球范围内的大宗养殖贝类和我国产量最高的海水养殖贝类, 理解其天然免疫系统的多样性和特异性对牡蛎病害防治和养殖业健康可持续发展至关重要。通过对不同病原诱导以及诱导后不同时间的转录组进行生物信息分析, 系统地研究了长牡蛎天然免疫应激反应的可变剪接事件。发现在弧菌诱导下可变剪接事件的总数显著增加, 表明弧菌的感染会诱导长牡蛎可变剪接事件的产生。对病原诱导后可变剪接体的组成类型及表达量显著变化的基因的功能富集分析, 表明免疫系统相关功能被显著富集, 病原感染不同阶段以及不同病原感染后可变剪接体的组成类型和表达量均不一致, 表明长牡蛎免疫系统可通过可变剪接产生免疫响应的特异性和多样性。研究结果为长牡蛎等无脊椎动物天然免疫多样性和特异性提供了典型实例, 也为长牡蛎病害防御提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
4.
牡蛎是重要的养殖贝类,营固着生活,能聚集形成牡蛎礁,在海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用。本研究以成体长牡蛎为研究对象,将牡蛎从附着基上剥离下来,去掉其左壳腹缘端的表面鳞片并打磨平整,露出棱柱层,将其紧密粘合于水泥砖、橡胶片、磨砂玻璃三种固着基表面,背缘端用水泥固定,观察并记录牡蛎贝壳的修复及再固着情况。结果发现：左壳损伤后,在贝壳边缘会生长出新的透明壳膜,此时壳膜虽然会紧靠固着基表面生长,但却不能再次固着;将牡蛎从固着基上剥离下来,在三种固着基表面均未发现有“附着斑”形成。因此,为了进一步研究左壳损伤后贝壳修复的分子机制以及不能再次固着的原因,对长牡蛎左壳损伤后的外套膜转录组进行了分析,发现在损伤后的第1 d、第5 d、第9 d、第13 d、第17 d和第21 d,左侧外套膜中差异上调表达的基因显著富集在TGF-β等信号通路,而下调表达的基因显著富集在对温度以及对非生物刺激反应相关通路。通过基因表达数据,还发现壳损伤后Cgfmp、CgTyr、EGF-P1等与黏附相关的基因呈下调表达,这可能是导致成体长牡蛎无法再次固着的原因。长牡蛎贝壳损伤后再固着能力的研究,为贝类生物矿化、附着等机制的研究... 相似文献
5.
氟苯尼考作为氯霉素的替代物,理化性质稳定,在水产养殖业中被广泛使用,致使其在多种水体环境中大量残留。本研究分析了氟苯尼考(0.1、1.0和10 mg/L)对牡蛎幼虫的生长发育、运动能力、免疫抗性的影响。结果表明,氟苯尼考暴露24 h后,随着暴露浓度的增加,牡蛎幼虫的存活量呈升高趋势,而幼虫壳高和壳宽显著降低;氟苯尼考暴露不会引起牡蛎幼虫移动速度的变化,1 mg/L氟苯尼考暴露后,牡蛎幼虫移动距离呈显著性增加(P<0.05)。氟苯尼考暴露浓度、牡蛎幼虫存活量及水体细菌总数之间呈显著性相关,但水体细菌总数的变化并不是造成牡蛎幼虫发育、生长状态不同的主要原因。牡蛎幼虫在不同浓度氟苯尼考的暴露下,ILPR、Cg-Tyr和Ferritin等生长发育相关基因的表达受到影响,进而影响其生长发育、运动能力。另一方面,高浓度氟苯尼考的暴露,引起牡蛎幼虫HSP70和Cg-Tal基因相对表达量上调,积极地参与抵抗氟苯尼考暴露引起的应激反应。养殖水环境中抗生素残留可能会影响水生动物早期发育阶段的生长发育及免疫抗性,需提高对养殖水体中抗生素残留危害的认识及监测,进一步加强养殖水体水质的净化。 相似文献
6.
香港巨牡蛎（Magallana hongkongensis,旧称Crassostrea hongkongensis）是我国华南沿海重要的经济贝类,但频发的养殖病害严重制约了香港巨牡蛎养殖业的可持续发展。作为一类重要的调控因子,microRNA（miRNA）能够对其靶基因进行转录后调控从而参与海洋动物各类生命活动过程。本研究利用高通量测序技术建立了副溶血弧菌不同诱导时间下的香港巨牡蛎鳃组织miRNA文库,并通过生物信息学分析方法挖掘与免疫调控有关的miRNA,共获得了453个已知miRNA和222个新miRNA,通过进一步筛选空白对照组/12 h病原注射组、空白对照组/24 h病原注射组、12 h病原注射组/24 h病原注射组特有的miRNA,发现多个在不同比较组间差异表达的或具有高表达水平的miRNA。其中miR 10、miR 23、miR 92、miR 100、miR 125、miR 144、miR 145、miR 146、miR 335、miR 750等已被证实参与了多种海洋动物的免疫调控过程。对差异表达miRNA靶基因的KEGG富集分析结果显示miR 411 5p、miR 4454 5p、novel m0159 3p、novel m0187 3p的靶基因涉及免疫相关通路。分析结果表明上述miRNA可能在香港巨牡蛎免疫调控过程中发挥重要作用,有必要对其开展进一步研究。 相似文献
7.
含C1q结构域蛋白(C1qDCs)在无脊椎动物免疫应答中发挥重要作用,但目前有关毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)C1qDCs免疫功能的研究鲜有报道。本研究从毛蚶中鉴定出一个含有典型C1q结构域的基因(命名为SsC1qDC),并分析了其对主要病原感染的响应特征。SsC1qDC的cDNA全长序列为711bp,编码含有N端信号肽和199个氨基酸的蛋白,系统进化分析显示SsC1qDC与双壳贝类的C1qDCs聚在一起。SsC1qDC在毛蚶卵细胞到眼点幼虫时期的表达量随发育阶段显著增加,且该基因在成体毛蚶各组织中均有表达,其中在肝胰腺和闭壳肌中表达水平较高。副溶血弧菌刺激可显著诱导SsC1qDC基因高表达,敲降SsC1qDC基因表达后毛蚶死亡率和血细胞凋亡水平显著升高,且导致毛蚶血细胞总数和吞噬活力显著下降。同时,敲降SsC1qDC基因的表达可显著抑制母源免疫相关基因Vg、LSZ、Dscam、TEP和SsC1qDC-3的表达,而C3、PAF3、SsC1qDC-1和SsC1qDC-2等基因的表达显著上调。本研究结果表明, SsC1qDC在毛蚶抗弧菌响应中发挥重要作用,对贝类免疫学和抗... 相似文献
8.
补体系统在体液免疫中发挥着重要作用,是连接先天免疫和适应性免疫的枢纽。本研究基于前期转录组RNA-Seq数据检索马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)补体样组分,并对其结构域及溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)刺激后的基因表达水平进行了分析。结果表明,共获得68条补体样成分unigene,分别编码14个含C1q结构域蛋白、14个凝集素蛋白、4个纤维蛋白原相关蛋白、12个丝氨酸蛋白酶、10个含硫酯键蛋白、1个末端补体分子C6、5个补体受体、1个补体因子及7个纤胶凝蛋白;结构域分析表明,马氏珠母贝补体样组分均含有相应的保守结构域,与其他贝类补体组分的研究结果基本一致;表达量分析表明,经溶藻弧菌刺激后, 68条补体样组分unigene中共有21条unigene表达上调,其中12条为模式识别受体unigene。结合牡蛎等贝类补体组分的研究结果,推测贝类已形成一个含有多种补体组分的原始补体系统,且可能以凝集素途径或替代途径行使补体的生物学功能。以上研究结果为深入了解马氏珠母贝及其他海洋无脊椎动物免疫防御机制、探讨补体系统的进化起源提供了新的依据。 相似文献
9.
Wnt基因家族编码一类保守的分泌型糖蛋白,广泛参与细胞分化与增殖、细胞运动、凋亡、免疫调控以及色素生成等生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个长牡蛎Wnt家族基因——CgWnt5b,比较了黑、白壳色长牡蛎中CgWnt5b转录水平的表达情况,并对其在调控黑色素生成方面的功能进行初步研究。研究结果显示,CgWnt5b编码序列全长1116 bp,编码371个氨基酸。生物信息学分析预测CgWnt5b蛋白相对分子量为42 KDa,等电点为9.28。对CgWnt5b与哺乳动物Wnt基因家族19个成员进行系统发育分析,确定了CgWnt5b为哺乳动物Wnt5a和Wnt5b的同源基因。荧光实时定量PCR检测长牡蛎外套膜、鳃、消化腺、闭壳肌、性腺、唇瓣以及血淋巴组织中CgWnt5b的mRNA分布,结果显示,CgWnt5b在外套膜、闭壳肌和唇瓣组织中的相对表达水平较高,在消化腺、鳃、血淋巴和性腺组织中相对表达量较低。黑壳长牡蛎中CgWnt5b mRNA表达量显著低于白壳长牡蛎,且siRNA敲降CgWnt5b的表达后,多个黑色素生成相关酪氨酸酶基因的表达显著上调。综上,本研究在长牡蛎中鉴定了一个Wnt家族成员CgWnt5b,可能通过抑制黑色素生成关键基因TYR的表达抑制长牡蛎中黑色素的生成。 相似文献
10.
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
16.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
17.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献