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1.
第四纪地层年代学格架的建立对区域地层对比及古地理环境演化研究具有重要意义。通过分析河北大厂凹陷北部第四系标准孔S9钻孔岩心沉积物颜色、结构构造、岩性组合特征,应用测井曲线、古地磁、AMS 14C和OSL测年方法,对S9钻孔剖面进行详细地层划分、沉积相分析和地层年代学格架建立。将S9孔揭示的松散沉积物分为4套岩性组合:第1套岩性组合代表洪积扇沉积;第2套岩性组合代表辫状河沉积;第3套岩性组合代表洪积扇沉积;第4套岩性组合代表泛滥平原沉积和河床沉积。通过对古地磁实验结果的分析得出, 0~145.3 m为古地磁极性带的布容正极性时,145.3~212.6 m为古地磁极性带的松山反极性时,212.6~251.8 m为古地磁极性带的高斯正极性时。以磁性地层为主导,以岩性地层特征、14C和OSL测年数据为辅,对S9孔第四纪岩性地层进行初步划分,其第四纪地层的下更新统、中更新统和上更新统的底界对应深度分别为210.9 m、145.4 m和24.05 m。 相似文献
2.
Duane G Froese Derald G SmithJohn A Westgate Thomas A AgerShari J Preece Amanjit SandhuRandolph J Enkin Florence Weber 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):50-62
Recurring glacial outburst floods from the Yukon-Tanana Upland are inferred from sediments exposed along the Yukon River near the mouth of Charley River in east-central Alaska. Deposits range from imbricate gravel and granules indicating flow locally extending up the Yukon valley, to more distal sediments consisting of at least 10 couplets of planar sands, granules, and climbing ripples with up-valley paleocurrent indicators overlain by massive silt. An interglacial organic silt, occurring within the sequence, indicates at least two flood events are associated with an earlier glaciation, and at least three flood events are associated with a later glaciation which postdates the organic silt. A minimum age for the floods is provided by a glass fission track age of 560,000 ± 80,000 yr on the GI tephra, which occurs 8 m above the flood beds. A maximum age of 780,000 yr for the floods is based on normal magnetic polarity of the sediments. These age constraints allow us to correlate the flood events to the early-middle Pleistocene. And further, the outburst floods indicate extensive glaciation of the Yukon-Tanana Upland during the early-middle Pleistocene, likely representing the most extensive Pleistocene glaciation of the area. 相似文献
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对长江三角洲北翼南通地区ZKA4钻孔岩心进行了磁性地层学研究,结果表明,302.7 m的岩心记录了布容正向极性时（Brunhes）、松山负向极性时（Matruyama）和部分高斯正极性时（Gauss）。在系统古地磁样品采集、处理和测试的基础上,应用磁性地层、AMS 14C加速器测年等方法,结合岩性特征,对ZKA4钻孔剖面进行了详细地层划分,分别确定了下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的埋深及沉积厚度,其中Q/N界线位于291.72 m处,Qp1/Qp2、Qp2/Qp3、Qp3/Qh界线分别定位于189.39 m、132.44 m和26.14 m处。本项研究结果为该区域第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化及岸线变迁等相关研究提供了可靠的地层年代框架。 相似文献
5.
A detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation, coupled with rock-magnetic studies, was carried out on a lacustrine sequence in the eastern Nihewan Basin, Northern China, which contains the Donggutuo and Maliang Paleolithic sites. Magnetite and hematite were identified as the main carriers for the characteristic remanent magnetizations. Magnetostratigraphic results show that the lacustrine sequence recorded the late Matuyama and Brunhes chrons. Furthermore, the Maliang artifact layer occurs just below the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, and the Donggutuo artifact layer is just below the Jaramillo onset. Therefore, the age of the Maliang and Donggutuo artifact layers can be definitely estimated to be about 0.78 myr and 1.1 myr, respectively. These two paleomagnetic ages, coupled with previously obtained paleomagnetic data of the Majuangou, Xiaochangliang, Banshan, Lantian, and Xihoudu Paleolithic sites, suggest an expansion and lengthy flourishing of human groups from northern to north-central China during the entire Early Pleistocene. 相似文献
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对北京平原区南部大兴榆垡镇420m 深的PGZ01孔岩心进行了岩石地层、磁性地层、14C测年、介形类组合和孢粉组合研究。结果表明:(1)Matuyama(松山)/Gauss(高斯)和Brunhes(布容)/Matuyama(松山)极性界线分别位于280m和78.35m处,钻孔底部已经进入Gauss正极性带;取280m处Matuyama/Gauss极性界线作为第四系下限,显示可能的永定河泥石流-冲积扇在第四纪之前即到达了北京平原南部,但是华北平原上新统标志岩石地层单元--厚层棕红色黏土在Olduvai(奥尔都维)极性亚带之上即已出现。(2)结合AMS14C测年,尝试将约60m以上地层的氧化-还原状况,与对古季风影响反映灵敏的沿海平原钻孔同样深度地层进行对比,继而确定上更新统和全新统的底界深度分别位于56.60m和18.95m。(3)MIS5(海洋同位素阶段)以来的特征沉积物,与沿海平原钻孔地层有很好的可比性,同时也有8~4ka期间史前大洪水的影响。本研究为廊(坊)固(安)凹陷西北边缘区第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化、活动断裂以及区域差异构造沉降研究,提供了重要的年代地层格架,对理解晚更新世以来古季风变化的环境效应有重要的启迪。 相似文献
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Late Wisconsin floods from glacial Lake Missoula occurred between approximately 16 and 12 ka BP. Many floods occurred; some were demonstrably cataclysmic. Early studies of Missoula flooding centered on the anomalous physiography of the Channeled Scabland, which J. Harlen Bretz hypothesized in 1923 to have developed during a debacle that he named ‘The Spokane Flood’. Among the ironies in the controversy over this hypothesis was a mistaken view of uniformitarianism held by Bretz's adversaries. After resolution of the scabland's origin by cataclysmic outburst flooding from glacial Lake Missoula, research since 1960 emphasized details of flood magnitudes, frequency, routing and number.Studies of flood hydraulics and other physical parameters need to utilize modern computerized procedures for flow modeling, lake-burst simulation, and sediment-transport analysis. Preliminary simulation models indicate the probability of multiple Late Wisconsin jökulhlaups from Lake Missoula, although these models predict a wide range of flood magnitudes.Major advances have been made in the study of low-energy, rhythmically bedded sediments that accumulated in flood slack-water areas. The ‘forty floods’ hypothesis postulates that each rhythmite represents the deposition in such slack-water areas of separate, distinct cataclysmic floods that can be traced from Lake Missoula to the vicinity of Portland, Oregon. However, the hypothesis has numerous unsubstantiated implications concerning flood magnitudes, sources, routing and sedimentation dynamics.There were multiple great Late Wisconsin floods in the Columbia River system of the northwestern United States. Studies of high-energy, high altitude flood deposits are necessary to evaluate the magnitudes of these floods. Improved geochronologic studies throughout the immense region impacted by the flooding will be required to properly evaluate flood frequency. The cataclysmic flood concept championed by J. Harlen Bretz continues to stimulate exciting and controversial research. 相似文献
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渤海湾西岸天津平原南部静海区400m深CGZ5孔、大港区500m深TPZ1孔岩心的岩石地层、磁性地层、14C测年、微体古生物研究表明,2个钻孔底部分别进入到定年3.6Ma的高斯(Gauss)正极性带和定年4.5Ma的吉尔伯特(Gilbert)极性带上部;位于西侧沧县隆起的CGZ5孔2.58Ma古地磁M/G(松山/高斯,Matuyama/Gauss)极性带界线位于225m,位于东部黄骅坳陷西斜坡的TPZ1孔该界线位于208m;0.78Ma的B/M(布容/松山,Brunhes/Matuyama)极性带界线分别位于55m和68.6m。结合微体化石分析、3期海侵地层的确定以及岩石地层特征,可判断CGZ5孔和TPZ1孔上更新统底板分别位于55m 和63.4m。依据末次盛冰期低水位域潴育化黏土层位,确定全新统分别厚14.8m和16.5m。上述2孔之间的黄骅坳陷板桥主凹陷中CQJ4孔,B/M和M/G界线分别位于74m和340m。西部CGZ5孔显现整个中更新统缺失,东部TPZ1孔中更新统仅厚5.3m。推测这一地层间断可能是由于渤海海盆在中更新世初期发生快速断陷,在河流到海盆的高差加大的背景下,河流输送物大部流入海盆,海盆边缘的沧县隆起和相邻的滨海平原发生了过路作用。在“源到汇”古地理状况变迁过程中形成的东部大平原,中更新世的沉积动力学背景需要进一步研究。 相似文献
9.
《Quaternary Research》2014,81(3):424-432
It has been proposed that within the Tarim Basin tectonic activity has been limited since Triassic time. However, on the basis of magnetostratigraphy from the eastern Tarim Basin, which defines the chronology of sedimentation and structural evolution of the basin, we show that the basin interior has been uplifted and partitioned during Quaternary. The magnetostratigraphy was constructed from 2228 samples that yielded acceptable inclination values. Characteristic remnant magnetization (ChRM) with both normal (N1–N11) and reversed (R1–R11) polarity was isolated by thermal demagnetization. The data correlate best with polarity chrons C3r to C1n, which range from 5.39 Ma to recent on the geological time scale 2004 (GTS2004). An abrupt decrease in the sedimentation rate is observed at 1.77 Ma in the Ls1 core. This change does not overlap with known Pleistocene climate-change events. We attribute this sedimentation rate decrease to a structurally controlled local decrease in accommodation space where basin basement uplifts occur. This period of sedimentary environmental change reveals that structural partitioning in the basement of the Tarim Basin occurred since ~ 1.77 Ma, and we speculate that tilting of the Southeast Uplift (a sub-basin unit) within the Tarim Basin began in early Pleistocene time. 相似文献
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河北平原发育巨厚的冲积、冲洪积沉积物,其岩性、岩相变化明显,仅仅依靠钻孔岩芯的岩性组合、沉积相分析难以建立具有代表性意义的地层层序,测试手段的发展和研究精度的提高,为建立河北平原区广大冲积平原的标准地层提供了可能。文章通过对第四系标准孔G01孔(钻孔深度415.5 m)的岩芯观察,按照沉积物颜色、沉积环境、沉积旋回和沉积构造等特点,将G01孔揭示的松散沉积物分为9大岩性段:第1岩性段主要为灰黑色粘土及灰黑色中砂,代表了河漫滩沉积和河道沉积;第2~5岩性段主要为灰黄-灰绿色粘土-粉砂质粘土-粉砂,发育水平层理和块状层理,局部发育波状层理,代表了河漫滩沉积;第6~9岩性段主要为灰黄-棕红色粘土、粉砂质粘土、粘土质粉砂夹灰黄色粉砂、细砂及砂砾层,代表了边滩、河道沉积和河床滞留沉积。通过对古地磁实验结果的分析得出,0~105.5 m为布容正极性时,105.5~183.7 m为松山反极性时,183.7~415.5 m为高斯正极性时。以磁性地层为主导、岩性地层特征和14C测年数据为辅,对固安G01孔第四纪岩性地层(183.7 m内)进行初步划分,其第四纪地层的下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的对应深度分别为183.7~105.5 m、105.5~59.2 m、59.20~21.45 m和21.45~0 m。 相似文献
12.
Maria D. Papanikolaou Maria V. Triantaphyllou Ellen S. Platzman Philip L. Gibbard Conall Mac Niocaill Martin J. Head 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(5):523-540
The chronostratigraphy of a long, onshore Early–Middle Pleistocene marine sedimentary sequence on the south‐east part of Zakynthos island, Greece, is presented. Correlation of the succession with the isotope record of Ocean Drilling Program Site 963 reveals the combined influence of tectonics and eustacy in this area. The sequence is divided into three formations by two main unconformities that apparently relate to sea‐level lowstands associated with two major northern hemisphere glaciations, those of marine isotope stages (MIS) 22 and 12. The Zakynthos sequence in many ways is comparable with the Italian Valle di Manche section. Magnetostratigraphic and rock magnetic analyses, supported by biostratigraphy, document the position of the Matuyama/Brunhes Chron boundary (0.77 Ma), the top and base of the Jaramillo Subchron (0.99–1.07 Ma), the Cobb Mountain Subchron (1.173–1.185 Ma) and the top of the Olduvai Subchron (1.78 Ma). The underlying strata are constrained exclusively by detailed nannofossil biostratigraphy extending at least to the lowermost Pleistocene at around 2.54 Ma and therefore certainly incorporating the base of the Olduvai Subchron (1.95 Ma) and possibly the Gauss/Matuyama Chron boundary (2.58 Ma). In addition, a remarkable increase in sedimentation rate (from 3.2 and 28 cm ka?1 to 167 cm ka?1) and hence resolution above the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary (Middle Pleistocene) reveals one short‐lived magnetic excursion, possibly 17a (0.66 Ma), within the normal polarity Brunhes Chron. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Bruce J. MacFadden Oscar Siles Peter Zeitler Noye M. Johnson Kenneth E. Campbell 《Quaternary Research》1983,19(2):172-187
The Tarija Formation of southern Bolivia, which is well known for its classic vertebrate faunas, is of prime importance in understanding of the chronology of the Ensenadan Land Mammal Age. This formation consists of well-exposed and relatively fossiliferous sections of clays, clayey silts, sands, gravels, and tuffs which were deposited in a predominately fluviatile regime in a Pleistocene structural basin. Four stratigraphic sections, each measuring 110 m or less, were studied to establish a magnetic polarity stratigraphy. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from the finer-grained sediments at 100 sites spaced at stratigraphic intervals of 5 m or less. All paleomagnetic specimens were demagnetized in alternating fields of least 250 oersteds (oe). Some specimens were also thermally demagnetized at 200°C or more. Of the 100 sites, 77 were ultimately used to determine the magnetic polarity zonation. Based on the four sections sampled, the Tarija Formation spans a time interval from about 1 my to about 0.7 my B.P. or perhaps younger. The lower half of the composite section is of reversed polarity punctuated by a short normal event. This sequence probably represents the late Matuyama chron with the Jaramillo subchron. The upper part of the section is of normal polarity and represents early Brunhes time. A tuffaceous unit 43 m above the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary yielded a fission track (zircon) age of 0.7 ± 0.2 by B.P. These data indicate that the classic Tarija fauna is middle Pleistocene Ensendan in age. 相似文献
14.
对位于渤海湾西北岸晚更新世早期滦河冲积扇中部的TD1孔进行了磁性地层学、14C测年、沉积旋回、测井沉积学、孢粉地层学和介形类研究,结果表明:(1)220m 深的钻孔地层记录了古地磁学布容(Brunhes)、松山(Matuyama)和高斯(Gauss)极性时,钻孔底部层位年龄接近3.45 Ma。(2)钻孔揭示了滦河冲积扇中部地层结构,最厚的湖相沉积地层出现在上新世,第四纪以来主要由辫状河流体系分支河道相与相关沉积构成。(3)测井相与岩心沉积相分析结合显示,约3.45Ma以来出现6个大沉积旋回,与冲积扇顶端钻孔所见沉积旋回在深度上基本可以对比,其中3.2、3.0、2.0和0.78Ma的沉积旋回分别覆于全孔4期浅水湖泊—湖沼沉积物之上;末次盛冰期与渤海湾西岸钻孔一样出现浊黄橙色沉积,显示低水位域的沉积特征。(4)尽管古季风可以导致降水增多并出现湖沼沉积,但是该钻孔有机质含量最高的是在6 ka BP层位,中全新世大暖期气候对该地水热状况影响最大。 相似文献
15.
John A. Westgate G. William Pearce Shari J. Preece Charles E. Schweger Richard E. Morlan Nicholas J.G. Pearce T. William Perkins 《Quaternary Research》2013,79(1):75-85
Alluvial and lacustrine sediments exposed beneath late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine silt and clay at two sites along the Old Crow River, northern Yukon Territory, are rich in fossils and contain tephra beds. Surprise Creek tephra (SZt) occurs in the lower part of the alluvial sequence at CRH47 and Little Timber tephra (LTt) is present near the base of the exposure at CRH94. Surprise Creek tephra has a glass fission-track age of 0.17 ± 0.07 Ma and Little Timber tephra is 1.37 ± 0.12 Ma. All sediments at CRH47 have a normal remanent magnetic polarity and those near LTt at CRH94 have a reversed polarity — in agreement with the geomagnetic time scale. Small mammal remains from sediments near LTt support an Early Pleistocene age but the chronology is not so clear at CRH47 because of the large error associated with the SZt age determination. Tephrochronological and paleomagnetic considerations point to an MIS 7 age for the interglacial beds just below SZt at CRH47 and at Chester Bluffs in east-central Alaska, but mammalian fossils recovered from sediments close to SZt suggest a late Irvingtonian age, therefore older than MIS 7. Further studies are needed to resolve this problem. 相似文献
16.
许家窑组及许家窑文化层年代问题的磁性地层学证据 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
许家窑文化遗址的发现将传统上被认为是早更新世前后的泥河湾层的年代范围推至晚更新世 ,由此建立的许家窑组被确认为我国北方晚更新世湖相沉积的标准地层。近几年对包含许家窑文化层在内的泥河湾层用高分辨率磁性地层学方法研究结果表明 ,在文化层以下 3m处发现了厚度达 6 m以上且分布连续的反向极性带 (未见底 ) ,综合分析认为 ,该反向极性带为松山反向极性带。这一发现否定了在文化层以下 4— 5 m处存在布莱克反向极性偏移的报道。根据松山反向极性时的结束时间为距今 78万年及泥河湾层的沉积速率推算 ,许家窑泥河湾层的年代范围应为早更新世晚期至中更新世 ,而许家窑文化层应为中更新世早期。由此可见 ,泥河湾层的年代范围及分组方案尚需用多种手段进一步研究才能定论 相似文献
17.
Sediment provenance in a tropical fluvial and marine context by magnetic 'fingerprinting' of transportable sand fractions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. A. MAHER S. J. WATKINS G. BRUNSKILL† J. ALEXANDER‡ C. R. FIELDING§ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(3):841-861
The sources and fluxes of sediment to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon from north‐eastern Australian rivers have been the subject of much concern and study, with the large catchments of the Burdekin and Fitzroy Rivers thought to be the key sources at present. Here, the utility of newly developed magnetic ‘fingerprinting’ methods for identifying sediment provenance, both onshore and offshore, and in association with individual large flood events, is investigated. Within the Burdekin catchment, sediments are mobilized from different subcatchments by runoff generated by intense, localized rainfall events. Magnetic measurements were made on untreated and acid‐treated samples of river channel sediments within the Burdekin River subcatchments and from the estuarine and inner shelf depocentres of Burdekin River sediments. The acid treatment removes all discrete magnetic particles and coatings, and leaves magnetic inclusions (protected within host silicate grains) as the basis of the measured magnetic signature of a sample. The magnetic properties of the acid‐treated samples display statistically distinct sediment provenance groupings. Sand samples from the Upper Burdekin River appear magnetically distinct from samples from tributaries of the Burdekin (e.g. Hann Creek, Fanning River) and also from nearby coastal rivers, including the Haughton. Suspended sand samples from a Burdekin flood event in 2000 appear to have a different source compared with those from floods in 1998 and 1999. Comparisons of the terrestrial, acid‐treated sand fractions with the same, acid‐treated, sand‐size fractions from transects taken offshore suggest that the surface sediments in Upstart Bay and Bowling Green Bay have different sources. Some of these sources are as yet unidentified but may represent the unsampled, lower‐discharge south‐western Burdekin subcatchments, and/or along‐shore drift of sand from the south, perhaps even from the Fitzroy River, over millennial timescales of cyclone pumping. The magnetic inclusion method precludes any obfuscation or confounding of sediment source, which might arise from hydraulic sorting and/or post‐depositional magnetic diagenesis or authigenesis. 相似文献
18.
A series of discontinuous sediment sequences, of Plio/Pleistocene age, occur onshore around the southern North Sea margins, notably in the East Anglian region of Britain. Intensive lithological and palaeontological analyses of these sediments have shown that they record both major and minor oscillations in climate, sea level and environmental conditions. However, significant uncertainties exist regarding the absolute and relative chronostratigraphies of many of these sequences, hindering understanding of the relative impacts of climatic, eustatic and tectonic changes on the palaeogeographic development of the southern North Sea basin. Here, a number of key East Anglian Plio/Pleistocene sites are subjected to robust palaeomagnetic and mineralogical examination, in order to determine those sediments which display reliable, syn‐depositional magnetic polarities, which are thus of use in ascribing a palaeomagnetically determined age from comparison with the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale (GPTS). Based on a range of palaeomagnetic and complementary mineralogical methods, reliable palaeomagnetic directions were obtained from eight sites, with reversed polarities displayed by sediments from three sites. These polarity determinations can be used to infer absolute ages and test published, between‐site correlations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Speleological, stratigraphic, paleomagnetic and faunal data is presented for the Buffalo Cave fossil site in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Speleothems and clastic deposits were sampled for paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic analysis from the northern part of the site, where stratigraphic relationships could be more easily defined and a magnetostratigraphy could therefore be developed for the site. This is also where excavations recovered the fossil material described. A comparison of the east and South African first and last appearance data with the Buffalo Cave fauna was then used to constrain the magnetostratigraphy to produce a more secure age for the site. The magnetostratigraphy showed a change from normal to reversed polarity in the basal speleothems followed by a short normal polarity period in the base of the clastic deposits and a slow change to reversed directions for the remainder of the sequence. The biochronology suggested an optimal age range of between 1.0 Ma and 600,000 yr based on faunal correlation with eastern and southern Africa. A comparison of the magnetobiostratigraphy with the GPTS suggests that the sequence covers the time period from the Olduvai event between 1.95 and 1.78 Ma, through the Jaramillo event at 1.07 Ma to 990,000 yr, until the Bruhnes-Matuyama boundary at 780,000 yr. The faunal-bearing clastic deposits are thus dated between 1.07 Ma and 780,000 yr with the main faunal remains occurring in sediments dated to just after the end of the Jaramillo Event at 990,000 yr. 相似文献
20.
长江三角洲北翼地区缺少较长尺度的第四纪海陆变迁及环境演变的深入探讨,深达423m的海安县基岩标J9孔为此提供了较好的研究对象。通过观察该孔松散层岩芯,总结其沉积特征,认为岩芯明显可划分为6个特征岩性段。同时,地层古地磁测试结果显示： 0～200m为布容正极性世,200～334m为松山负极性世,334m以下为高斯正极性世。综合分析岩芯沉积特征并参考古地磁测试结果对地层进行了初步划分,认为 0～39m为全新世地层,39～153m为晚更新世地层,153～200m为中更新世地层,200～334m为早更新世地层,之下为新近纪地层。从沉积地层特征推测,在第四纪地层中可能存在有5个海侵层,自上而下为第Ⅰ海侵层（镇江海侵）、第Ⅱ海侵层（滆湖海侵）、第Ⅲ海侵层（昆山海侵）、第Ⅳ海侵层（嘉定海侵）和第Ⅴ海侵层（如皋海侵）,分别出现在孔深 5～39m段、59.2～85.1m段、121～153m段、171～200m段和 246.3～277.2m段。孔深39～41m存在的晚更新世晚期特征硬粘土标志层,指示本地不是冰后期古河谷的发育地。 相似文献