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1.
Jianhua GAO Yang YANG Yaping WANG Shaoming PAN Rui ZHANG 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(3):249-261
High-resolution current velocity and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data were collected by using an Acoustic Doppler
Current Profiler (ADCP) at two anchor stations and a cross-section in the South Channel of the Changjiang River mouth during
meso and neap tides on Nov. 16, 2003. In addition, tidal cycle (13-hour) observation at two stations was carried out with
traditional methods during the spring tide. Results indicated that resuspension occurred not only at the flood and ebb maximum,
but also in the early phase of ebb in the meso and neap tide. When tidal current transited from high to ebb phase, current
speed accelerated. Subsequently, fine-grained sediment with low critical threshold was resuspended and increased concentration.
The river mouth area remained in siltation in the meso and neap tidal phase during the observation season, with calculated
resuspension flux in the order of magnitude of 10−4–10−7 kg·m−2/s. Suspended sediment transport in the South Channel was dominated by freshwater discharge, but the Storks drift,
vertical circulation and vertical shear effect due to tidal oscillation also played an important role in resuspension and
associated sediment transport. In contrast, resuspension sediment flux in the spring tide was larger than that in meso and
neap tide, especially at the ebb maximum and flood maximum. The present study revealed that intensive resuspension corresponded
well with the larger current velocity during winter. In addition, the ‘tidal pumping’ effect and tidal gravity circulation
were also vital for forming the turbidity maximum in the Changjiang River estuary. 相似文献
2.
现场试验表明,三角架观测系统稳定性良好,获取了边界层内多层位、连续的温、盐、流速、浊度同步观测数据,适用于浅海近底部沉积动力过程高分辨率观测及物质输运研究。观测结果显示:观测期间,边界层内存在向陆的余流,并呈现逐渐减小的趋势,其主要由涨、落潮流的不对称造成,大风天气和密度环流亦是影响余流强弱的重要因素;观测期间多数时刻底部切应力大于起动切应力,底质沉积物可产生明显的搬运甚至再悬浮;悬沙浓度对沉积动力的响应在涨、落潮,大、小潮阶段均有各自的特点,水动力的变化、潮流加/减速时间的长短、床面泥沙的供应量、上部水体泥沙的沉降是导致悬沙浓度变化的主要原因;底部边界层内,涨、落潮期间不对称输沙导致潮周期内悬沙净向河口湾内输运。 相似文献
3.
海南岛洋浦湾沉积作用研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文对海南岛洋浦湾海域的洋浦湾、新英湾、洋浦深槽及拦门沙浅滩的沉积环境和沉积特征做了描述、讨论，对河流、海岸侵蚀和珊瑚礁生物的３种沉积物来源及数量做了分析计算，得出其总量为９×１０4ｍ３／ａ。根据钻孔柱状样的14Ｃ及210Ｐｂ分析，得出８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来沉积速率为０．１～０．２ｃｍ／ａ，近百年来沉积速率为１～２ｃｍ／ａ。 相似文献
4.
Kuo-Chuin Wong 《Estuaries and Coasts》1999,22(2):194-205
The buoyant discharge from Delaware Bay forms two separate branches of residual outflow near the bay mouth, one along each shore. Upon exiting the bay, the branch along the Delaware shore turns right to form the southward flowing Delaware coastal current along the inner continental shelf off the Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia coasts. CTD and thermosalinograph, data collected at the mouth of Delaware Bay over two semidiurnal tidal cycles are used to examine the hydrographic distribution at the source region of the Delaware coastal current. In this region the buoyant source water of the coastal current, is largely detached from the shoreline and confined to the top 15 m of the water column over much of the tidal cycles. The core of the coastal current's source water, as defined by the point of salinity minimum, is located over the deep channel well offshore of the Delaware coast. The separation between this buoyant water and the more saline waters right along the Delaware coast and that in the central part of the bay mouth are marked by regions of high horizontal salinity gradients. The horizontal salinity gradients around the inshore and offshore boundaries of the source water of the coastal current are intensified during the flood tide, and clearly defined fronts (with a change of 3‰ over a distance of 150 m) are present at the offshore boundary near the end of the flood tide. The structure of the mean flow and the distribution of the brackish coastal current on the inner continental shelf contribute to the persistence of stratification in the source region off the Delaware shore throughout the ebb and flood tides. In contrast, the ebb-induced stratification in the region off the New Jersey shore is quickly destroyed with the onset of the flood current. 相似文献
5.
6.
The evolution of a front that forms inshore of the main Chesapeake Bay plume, near Cape Henry, Virginia, United States, was
observed during a period of downwelling-favorable winds in May 1999. A novel aspect of this study was the use of an underway,
horizontally-oriented acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to map the front and to study its evolving shape. Measurements
made during flood tide show the front forming about 2 km from shore and then advancing shoreward (at about 20 cm s−1) over dense, inshore water. Measurements made while anchored 1 km from shore show the surface salinity increasing during
ebb tide, then abruptly decreasing during flood tide as the front moves inshore. To account for this cycle of events, a conceptual
model is proposed in which dense water upwells to the surface during ebb tide near Cape Henry, helping to set the stage for
frontal formation on the flood. The cyclic recurrence of this Cape Henry front so close to the mouth of the bay may provide
a mechanism for recirculating estuarine material that would otherwise be transported southward in the coastal buoyancy current. 相似文献
7.
采用大凌河实测长系列河道径流及水下地形等数据, 通过建立水动力数值模型, 综合考虑潮流和河道径流的影响, 对大凌河口的潮流进行模拟, 探讨大凌河口及辽东湾北部海域水动力过程的主要特征. 结果表明: 大凌河口附近海域的海流以潮流为主, 具有明显的往复性质. 潮流总的运动趋势是, 涨潮主流向为北东, 落潮主流向为南西. 大潮流速大于小潮流速, 涨潮流历时与落潮流历时几乎相当. 最大涨潮流速约为0.52 m/s, 最大落潮流速约为0.4 m/s, 潮流涨落平均潮流强度的分布大体和该海域等深线相适应. 相似文献
8.
In October of 2004, a 3-d observational program to measure flow and sediment resuspension within a coastal intertidal salt
marsh was conducted in the North Inlet/Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve located near Georgetown, South Carolina.
Current and acoustic backscatter profiles were obtained from a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed in
a shallow tidal channel during the spring phase of the tidal cycle under high discharge conditions. The channel serves as
a conduit between Winyah Bay, a large brackish estuary, and North Inlet, a saline intertidal coastal salt marsh with little
freshwater input. Salinity measurements indicate that the water column is vertically well mixed during flood, but becomes
vertically stratified during early ebb. The stratification results from brackish (15 psu) Winyah Bay water entering North
Inlet via the tidal channel, suggesting an exchange mechanism that permits North Inlet to receive a fraction of the poor water
quality and high discharge flow from upland rivers. Although maximum flood currents exceed maximum ebb currents by 0.2 m s−1, suspended sediment concentrations are highest during the latter ebb phase and persist for a longer fraction of the ebb cycle.
Even though the channel is flood-dominated, the higher concentrations occurring over a longer fraction of the ebb phase indicate
net particulate transport from Winyah Bay to North Inlet during spring tide accompanied by high discharge. Our evidence suggests
that the higher concentrations during ebb result from increased bed friction caused by flow asymmetries and variations in
water depth in which the highest stresses occur near the end of ebb near low water despite stronger maximum currents during
flood. 相似文献
9.
通过不同时期实测地形资料,对比分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道的回淤分布特征;利用实测水文泥沙资料和潮流数学模型计算分析射阳河口拦门沙航道开挖后的水流、含沙量特征;探讨了射阳港拦门沙航道淤积的泥沙来源和淤积成因。研究表明:航道开挖后沿程普遍淤积,尤其是口门及堤根区段航道淤积严重。导致航道淤积的主要原因为:有掩护航道内涨潮流速大、落潮流速小,口门外高含沙量水体进入航道后泥沙很难被带出航道,导致航道内普遍淤积;口门内2 km范围内回淤较大是由于越堤流输沙和口门内侧涨潮期间存在明显回流;导堤根部航道段回淤较大是由于射阳河与黄沙港河汇流后河道放宽,落潮期间出河口的水体挟沙力突然降低。 相似文献
10.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):325-332
Based on the 39 surface sediment samples collected in the flood season and the dry season in 2012 respectively and the measured hydrological data in October 2012, the sediment grain size characteristics has been analyzed and the response mechanism of surface sediments to estuarine hydrodynamics was revealed by calculating the range of waves and tidal currents. The results show that: (1) The grain size of the surface sediment samples decreased gradually from land to sea in the flood season. The fine sediment was redistributed under marine hydrodynamics in the dry season and the sediments showed coarser tendency ingeneral; (2) tidal current stirring sediment was very obvious in Dagu River estuary area, and wave stirring sediments mainly occurred in the tidal flat area and estuary sand bar area; (3) in the flood season, surface sediment sat the estuary were transported towards south and southeast. In the dry season, surface sediments were transported towards southwest at the north area of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, and sediments were transported towards northeast area at the south of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge. 相似文献
11.
Water column nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, soluble reactive phosphate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus) and suspended sediments (SS) were measured during one 44-h and two 28-h periods in March 1982 at two stations in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana, which is located at the mouth of the Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi River. River water (a source of nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended sediments to Fourleague Bay) flows into the upper reaches of the bay during high tide and frontal overrunning conditions with northerly and westerly winds. During one sampling period, decreasing wind speed and the rising tide resulted in Atchafalaya River water inundating the bay and nitrate concentrations in the upper bay increasing from 30–70 μM to 90–118 μM. Significant variations in nutrients associated with the movement of water masses from the river, marshes, and Gulf of Mexico occurred over several different time scales. Tidal transport occurred over 25-h periods, while frontal passages occurred at 3-d to 5-d intervals. Variability in nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations over these relatively short time scales can be as great as seasonal variability in the bay. 相似文献
12.
辽东湾北部浅海区泥沙输送及其沉积特征 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
根据实测资料，本文定量分析了辽东湾北部泥沙输送及其分布，并对辽河三角洲沉积区划作了初步讨论。研究表明本区泥沙以纵向搬运为特征。双台子河以西来沙和辽河西水道入海泥沙是区域东部拦门沙体和浅滩发育的主导因素。汛季大潮期，泥沙自西向东运移落淤在河口及毗邻浅水域；小潮期，泥沙除向东扩散外，大部泥沙向海方搬运。调查区可划分六个现代沉积作用区，即潮坪沉积区、辽河水下三角洲细粒沉积区、河口沙洲沉积区、波浪潮流冲蚀沉积区、河口冲积沉积区以及潮汐水道沉积区。 相似文献
13.
14.
福建安海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及其现代沉积过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对福建安海湾表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,应用系统聚类分析、粒径趋势模型和切应力计算公式,探讨了研究区粒度的分布特征、沉积环境分区、表层沉积物输运趋势及其影响因素.研究结果表明,研究区包括6种表层沉积物类型,以黏土质粉砂和粉砂为主,沉积物大体呈现自海湾两侧潮滩向潮汐通道变粗的分布趋势.表层沉积物粒度的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,湾口附近及湾内深槽内,细颗粒的沉积物被再悬浮带走,粗颗粒的含量增大;在湾内潮滩上,悬浮物质因水动力作用逐渐减弱发生分选沉降,形成向岸变细的横向分异.海湾外泥沙随潮流不断地向海湾东侧岸滩运移,海湾周边陆源来沙由湾顶部往湾口方向下泄,两者是导致表层沉积物出现明显的顺时针方向汇聚趋势的原因之一;表层沉积物的输运趋势、悬浮泥沙的输运、潮滩植被与湾口沙嘴的遮蔽效应共同影响了研究区内浅滩地形的形成和变化.研究区可分为四类沉积环境区,以潮滩和潮汐通道环境为主,不同沉积区内的粒度参数、粒级频率和敏感粒级均有差异,动力条件差异和不同物源的影响程度是现代沉积环境格局的主要影响因素. 相似文献
15.
渤海湾曹妃甸老龙沟海区属于典型的离岸沙坝-潟湖海岸体系,口门处发育有拦门沙。采用实测资料分析和二维波流泥沙数学模型计算研究了拦门沙成因及其开挖后的回淤情况。研究表明,涨落潮流路不一致、落潮流扩散是老龙沟拦门沙形成的主要原因。针对该海区波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变特点,进行了2006年、2007年大小潮潮流泥沙的验证及2008年8~12月试挖槽回淤的验证,在此基础上,预测了拦门沙航道正常情况下的泥沙回淤和大风天骤淤。试挖槽监测资料分析及数学模型计算表明,风浪掀沙是影响老龙沟拦门沙回淤的重要因素。 相似文献
16.
The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention. 相似文献
17.
18.
珠江口的沉积作用和沉积相 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
珠江口为华南沿海的重要河口,是珠江水(系(西江、北江、东江、流溪河)的受水盆地。珠江流域每年有8000余万吨悬沙。大约3000万吨溶解质和少量底沙进入珠江河口区域,它们在迳流、潮流和其他海洋动力因素共同影响下,沉积作用甚为活跃。但是珠江口水域宽阔,地形复杂,各河口、河口湾或湾外区域的动力背景及泥沙运动不尽相同,因而其沉积作用和沉积特征也具有区域差异。 相似文献
19.
涨落潮槽是河口区的重要地貌单元,涨落潮槽的水动力有着明显的差异。通过对涨潮槽新桥水道和南小泓以及落潮槽南支主槽和南港表层沉积物的粒度、粘土矿物、重矿物以及磁性特征分析,发现落潮槽表层沉积物的粒径较粗,为粉砂质砂,涨潮槽沉积物主要是砂质粉砂。在双向水流的作用下,粘土矿物重新发生分配,涨落潮槽粘土矿物的组分变化不大。涨潮槽的重矿物颗粒百分含量中,稳定的不透明矿物比落潮槽有所减少,而比重小的片状矿物有所增加,碳酸盐含量较高。磁性矿物的含量在不同的地方相差很大,落潮槽中的亚铁磁性矿物含量高于涨潮槽。这些沉积特性的不同是对涨落潮槽内水动力差异响应的结果。 相似文献
20.
José D. Carriquiry Julio A. Villaescusa Víctor Camacho-Ibar L. Walter Daesslé Pedro G. Castro-Castro 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(7):1407-1418
During the last century, the Colorado River delta (CRD) has been dramatically altered by the diversion of river water for
use in human activities. This alteration has eliminated the delivery of fresh water to the Gulf of California radically transforming
the former estuary into an inverse-estuary. Under the new conditions, the new materials budget was estimated at the mouth
of the Colorado River in terms of salts, total suspended sediments, organic suspended matter and nutrients. The results of
this study show that, because of the asymmetry of the tidal wave, the variability of seston concentration follows a sedimentation
pattern of three successive stages: re-suspension (erosion at ebb flow) > dilution (during flood flow) > sedimentation (at
the end of the flood stage). The tidal asymmetry during neap tides was characterized by longer ebb (at least, 30 min longer)
than flood and more intense ebb currents (as much as 43% higher), hence characterizing an ebb-dominated system. The CRD is
characterized by high nutrients concentrations. Maximal levels are: nitrates (41 μM), phosphates (2.6 μM) and silicates (68 μM),
nitrite (15 μM). The mass balance indicates that the system acts as a net exporter of suspended sediment with rates as high
as 7 tons per tidal cycle. This behavior indicates that the CRD is in a destructive stage as a result of the lack of freshwater
inflow and supply of sediment into the system. 相似文献