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近50年陕西黄土高原云量和气温年际变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用陕西黄土高原24个气象站1957年以来的气温、总云量和低云量观测资料,分析了它们的年际及年代际演变趋势及相关关系。结果表明:近50年区域年平均气温波动升高,尤其是1987年以后;北部风沙区气温的年际变化较大,增温幅度由北向南递减;1957年以来区域年平均总云量呈逐渐减少趋势,低云量下降趋势较总云量更为明显,2000年以后总云量有所增加。相关分析表明:陕西黄土高原年平均气温与年均总云量及低云量呈明显的负相关,均通过了0.001显著性水平检验,且低云量的相关更为显著;总云量和低云量与降水量呈显著正相关;不同区域和不同季节总云量和低云量与气温的相关系数有明显差异,但与降水量的相关非常显著。 相似文献
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近40年宁夏云量和气温年际变化的相关分析 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
利用宁夏24个气象站的地面气温、总云量和低云量观测资料,分析了它们的年际及年代际演变趋势及相关关系。结果表明:近40年宁夏年平均气温波动升高,尤其是1990年以后;中部干旱带气温的年际变化较大,固原半干旱区气温变化幅度明显低于其它区域;1951年以来宁夏年平均总云量呈逐渐减少趋势,低云量下降趋势较总云量更为明显,2000年以后宁夏总云量有所增加。相关分析表明:宁夏年平均气温与年均总云量及低云量呈明显的负相关,均通过了0.01显著性水平检验,且低云量的相关更为显著;总云量和低云量与降水量呈显著正相关;同时,不同区域和不同季节总云量和低云量与气温、降水量的相关系数有明显差异。 相似文献
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基于中国大陆中东部484个气象站1980—2009年日照时数、总云量、能见度数据,按区域分析了地表太阳辐射长期变化特征及云量和气溶胶对辐射变化的可能影响,深入理解地表太阳辐射变化趋势成因。中国大陆中东部地区地表太阳辐射呈下降趋势（-0.7 Wm-2/10a）。从季节变化分析,下降趋势主要集中于夏季（-2.7 Wm-2/10a）;从区域分析,下降幅度最大的为华北地区（-3.9 Wm-2/10a）,该区云量不明显上升、能见度明显下降,且地表太阳辐射与云量低频部分相关系数（年代际变率）约-0.25,与气溶胶低频部分相关系数达-0.87,以此推测华北地区地表辐射的长期变化是气溶胶与总云量共同作用的结果。华南地区春季辐射上升（4.2 Wm-2/10a）则归因于总云量的下降（-2.1%/10a）。地表太阳辐射与总云量高频部分的相关系数（年际变率）达到-0.85以上,表明地表太阳辐射的年际短期变率主要贡献是来自于总云量的年际变化。 相似文献
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西北典型地域条件下云量的对比分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
采用NASA地球观测系统（EOS）“云与地球辐射能量系统(CERES)”2002年7月至2004年6月CERES SSF Aqua MODIS Edition 1B云资料,选取我国西北地区不同气候环境条件下的4个典型地域,研究了总云量、低层云和高层云云量的空间分布特征以及季节和年变化特征。结果表明,低层云量的高值区不仅分布在山脉地区,而且也分布在非山脉地区。但高层云的云量高值区只分布在山脉地区;总体来说,云量大小随地域的不同相差相当大,高层云云量年平均值的最大差异发生在祁连山区和塔克拉玛干沙漠之间,两者相差16.4%。而总云量和低层云量年平均值在季风区和塔克拉玛干沙漠地区相差最大,分别可达27.6%和19.5%。季风区和祁连山区云量最大值一般都出现在夏季,天山和塔克拉玛干沙漠地区云量最大值一般都出现在春季,最小值则均出现在秋冬季。总的来说,3个云量参数值在3～9月较高,最低值出现在10～12月。 相似文献
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文章用呼和浩特近30年资料，分析了能见度、日照的变化。表明，能见度存在明显的季节变化，夏季能见度较好，春季次之，秋季再次，冬季最差。通过对呼市地区的日照时数、总云量变化的分析，发现近40年来日照时数和总云量均呈减少趋势，表明大气混浊度的增加主要是人类活动的影响。 相似文献
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利用阿拉善高原近40a(1971—2010年)观测年及四季平均总云量,分析其时空变化特征及Hurst指数,并对总云量与降水量、平均气温、日照时数及相对湿度等因子之间的关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)阿拉善高原近40a平均总云量在38.3%~45.8%之间;北部地区年平均总云量减少趋势显著,南部地区呈不明显的减少趋势。(2)年平均总云量与相对湿度呈显著正相关,与降水量、日照时数、平均气温相关不显著。春季、秋季和冬季总云量与降水、相对湿度呈显著正相关,与日照时数显著负相关,与平均气温相关性不显著。夏季总云量和降水量相关不显著,与相对湿度呈显著的正相关,与日照时数和平均气温呈显著的负相关。(3)Hurst指数分析显示,阿拉善高原北部地区年平均总云量、南部地区春季总云量、东北地区夏季总云量未来将显著减少,其余地区年及四季总云量的减少趋势不显著。 相似文献
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本文用“综合海洋大气资料集”(COADS)中月平均总云量资料得到了1905—1985年西太平洋地区夏季云量的历史演变.在副热带地区存在一个云量最少的带,这个云带的演变能较好地反映西太平洋副热带高压的变化.云带的位置和中心云量值具有明显的10年尺度的变化,它与中国东部雨量的变化有着明显的关系.因此它能提供近80年形成我国东部气候变化的夏季西太平洋副热带地区的环流变化的特征. 相似文献
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该文根据气温观测,并利用敦德及古里雅冰芯资料及有关史料、树木年轮资料,得到了东北、华北、华东、华南、台湾、华中、西南、西北、新疆、西藏10个区1880～1996年的年平均气温序列。然后根据每个区的面积加权平均得到代表中国的气温序列。根据这个序列,1880～1996年增温为0.44℃/100a,显著高于过去对中国气候变暖的估计值0.09℃/100a。这主要是因为新计算的中国气温包括了我国西部地区,而那里在上世纪末到本世纪初气温显著偏低。另外本世纪90年代的迅速增暖也加强了这个趋势。 相似文献
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Simulation and Projection of Changes in Rainy Season Precipitation over China Using the WRF Model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used in a regional climate model configuration to simulate past precipitation climate of China during the rainy season (May-September) of 1981-2000, and to investigate potential future (2041-2060 and 2081-2100) changes in precipitation over China relative to the reference period 1981-2000. WRF is run with initial conditions from a coupled general circulation model, i.e., the high-resolution version of MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). WRF reproduces the observed distribution of rainy season precipitation in 1981-2000 and its interannual variations better than MIROC. MIROC projects increases in rainy season precipitation over most parts of China and decreases of more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan and central Tibet by the mid-21st century. WRF projects decreases in rainfall over southern Tibetan Plateau, Southwest China, and northwestern part of Northeast China, and increases in rainfall by more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2041-2060. MIROC projects further increases in rainfall over most of China by the end of the 21st century, although simulated rainfall decreases by more than 25 mm over parts of Taiwan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and central Tibet. WRF projects increased rainfall of more than 100 mm along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and decreased rainfall over Southwest China, and southern Tibetan Plateau by the end of the 21st century. 相似文献
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GMS 5反演中国几类典型下垫面晴空地表温度的日变化及季节变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
文中利用单时相双光谱分裂窗算法以GMS 5/VISSR红外资料反演地表温度,揭示了中国几类典型下垫面晴空地表温度的日变化及季节变化特征.塔里木盆地、青藏高原、浑善达克沙地、华北平原北部、华南部分地区因地表反射率、土壤含水量、受太阳辐射影响程度不同等地表温度季节变化差异很大,月平均地表温度日较差一年内基本上呈双峰双谷型.作为比较,东亚部分陆地的地表温度与台湾海峡南部、黄海的海表温度及其日变化、季节变化一并进行了分析.塔里木盆地、浑善达克沙地不仅具有强烈的日变化,而且季节变化也显著.2000年两地月平均地表温度日较差最大值超过30 K,浑善达克沙地的年较差高达58.50 K.青藏高原地表温度季节变化小于东亚部分陆地、塔里木盆地、浑善达克沙地,但该区日变化幅度在所研究几个区中最大,2000年年平均日较差达28.05 K.文中将研究时段扩充到1998～2000年后揭示了连续三年地表温度及其日变化的年际变化特征.所获得这几类地表温度的变化特征与量值对于气候与辐射收支研究以及推测地表状况会有一定参考价值. 相似文献
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Yushan is the most famous location for snow in Taiwan,while snowfall in the subtropical zone is rare.When it is snowing in Yushan,people are experiencing unusually cold and wet weather elsewhere in Taiwan.In this study,Yushan snowfall activity from 1979 to 2009 and the related atmosphere circulation were examined with the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau’s Yushan weather station observations and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy(NCEP/DOE) reanalysis atmospheric data.To provide a quantitative measure of snowfall events,a snowfall activity index(SAI) was defined in this study.The time series of yearly SAIs shows that Yushan snowfall activity for an active year,such as 1983(SAI =39 153) was ～118 times larger than for an inactive year,such as 1999(SAI=331).Our analyses show that snowfall activity is closely related to the position of the East Asian Trough(EAT) and the strength of the West Pacific High(WPH).In active years,when the EAT shifted eastward and the strength of WPH increased,an anomalous anticyclone occurred in the West Pacific.This anticyclone introduced anomalous southwesterly flows along the southeastern cost of mainland China and over Taiwan,resulting in a wetter-than-normal atmosphere that favored snowfall.Alternatively,in inactive years,a drierthan-normal atmosphere resulted in sluggish snowfall seasons. 相似文献
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Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of Clear-Sky Land Surface Temperature of Several Representative Land Surface Types in China Retrieved by GMS-5 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The retrieved results in this paper by GMS-5/VISSR thermal infrared data with single time/dual channel Split-Window Algorithm reveal the characteristics of diurnal and seasonal variation of clear-sky land surface temperature (LST) of several representative land surface types in China,including Tarim Basin,Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau,Hunshandake Sands,North China Plain,and South China.The seasonal variation of clear-sky LST in above areas varies distinctly for the different surface albedo,soil water content,and the extent of influence by solar radiation.The monthly average diurnal ranges of LST have two peaks and two valleys in one year.The characteristics of LST in most land of East Asia and that of sea surface temperature (SST) in the south of Taiwan Strait and the Yellow Sea are also analyzed as comparison.Tarim Basin and Hunshandake Sands have not only considerable LST diurnal cycle but also remarkable seasonal variation. In 2000,the maximum monthly average diurnal ranges of LST in both areas are over 30 K,and the annual range in Hunshadake Sands reaches 58.50 K.Seasonal variation of LST in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is less than those in East Asia,Tarim Basin,and Hunshandake Sands.However,the maximum diurnal range exists in this area.The yearly average diurnal range is 28.05 K in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 2000.The characteristics of diurnal,seasonal,and annual variation from 1998 to 2000 are also shown in this research. All the results will be valuable to the research of climate change,radiation balance,and estimation for the change of land surface types. 相似文献
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Summary Two-thirds of the land mass of Taiwan island is mountainous, which affects the airflow and precipitation systems over the
island. In this study, we discuss the characteristics of precipitation systems when the prevailing wind direction is from
the north-east during winter. Observations indicate that rainfall amounts were higher in northeastern Taiwan (the upstream
side of the mountains) and that a rainfall shadow occurred in southwestern Taiwan.
Simulation results from a non-hydrostatic model indicate that airflow was deflected in eastern Taiwan, while relatively high
(low) pressure areas formed in eastern (western) Taiwan. A higher mixing ratio of rainfall occurred over northeastern Taiwan
while lighter rainfall occurred in the eastern, and northwestern areas and the southern tip of Taiwan. This was consistent
with the observational data except for the southern tip of Taiwan. Uplift due to the topography near the mountainous areas,
as well as low level convergence near the coastal areas (due to the deceleration of an easterly wind in northeastern Taiwan),
helped form the mixing ratio of rain. Transportation of the mixing ratio of rainfall, due to low level westward flow and upper
level eastward flow, caused it to cover a larger area. The mixing ratio of rainfall formed in the upper mountainous areas
in northeastern Taiwan if the upstream moisture content was reduced significantly. A temperature inversion at low levels resulted
in a decrease in relative humidity and an increase in stability, requiring that the mixing ratio of rainfall should develop
closer to the mountainous areas. If a low level wind blew parallel to the orientation of the mountains (NNE-SSW), a higher
mixing ratio of rainfall could occur in the mountainous areas of western Taiwan.
Received January 30, 1998 Revised February 19, 1999 相似文献
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基于MODIS数据的台湾海峡SST区域遥感监测模型研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用SeaDAS模型开展基于MODIS数据的台湾海峡海洋表面温度SST遥感监测时,发现SeaDAS模型在台湾海峡中部SST的监测精度能够满足要求,但在台湾海峡近岸SST的监测误差明显偏大。为此根据2003—2006年台湾海峡近岸观测站点和台湾海峡中部浮标的实测SST数据,采用线性多通道算法建立台湾海峡SST区域遥感监测统计模型,并选择2007年30个SST数据样本对区域统计模型的监测效果进行验证分析。结果表明：在台湾海峡海域采用SeaDAS模型监测SST绝对误差的平均值是1.2 ℃,标准差是0.69 ℃,而采用区域统计模型监测SST绝对误差的平均值下降到0.89 ℃,标准差下降到0.52 ℃,区域统计模型优于SeaDAS模型。 相似文献
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应用1884—2003年影响福建的热带气旋资料, 采用突变分析、最大熵谱分析、连续小波变换以及正交小波变换等方法研究百余年来影响福建热带气旋频数变化的多时间尺度特征及其异常年份的海气背景场特征。结果表明:百余年来福建经历了3次少台期和2次多台期, 影响福建热带气旋频数具有准13年、准4年和准2.5年的振荡周期, 1971年为年频数变化的突变点; 影响福建热带气旋频数近百年呈弱的上升趋势, 但近十几年略微下降, 未来有偏多的趋势; 影响福建热带气旋异常偏多 (少) 的年份, 夏季500 hPa高度场上, 鄂霍次克海地区位势高度偏低 (高), 从高纬到低纬呈“-+-”(“ +-+”) 的距平型, 纬 (经) 向环流占优势, 西风带低槽偏北 (南), 副热带高压北界偏北 (南), 副热带高压脊线偏北 (南); 赤道中、东太平洋为明显的带状负 (正) SSTA距平区, 同时西太平洋热带气旋主要源区和西北太平洋上皆为正 (负) SSTA距平。由此可见, 影响福建热带气旋频数多寡与西太平洋热带气旋生成区的海温有关, 同时大气环流系统的位置和强弱对热带气旋路径的变化起着关键性作用, 从而使影响福建热带气旋频数的变化。 相似文献