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1.
在中国东部皖北地区分布着新元古代镁铁质岩,岩石类型为辉绿岩、辉绿辉长岩、辉绿玢岩等。其中主要组成矿物为辉石、斜长石、角闪石、铁钛氧化物等。利用电子探针对单斜辉石和钛铁矿进行了详细研究。单斜辉石分析表明,其端元分子组成硅灰石分子(Wo)为33.27～43.04,顽火辉石分子(En)为38.79～46.63,斜方铁辉石(Fs)为10.45～24.83,属于普通透辉石。计算结果及化学成分比值说明,单斜辉石应该是在寄主碱性玄武质岩浆晚期低压下结晶的,可能是碱性玄武质岩浆浅位岩浆房晶出的产物。单斜辉石的结晶温度为1109～1206℃,压力最高为0.6GPa,相当于深部19.8km。栏杆地区钛铁矿含MgO和Cr_2O_3较低,具有富FeO,并含少量MnO的特点,属于含镁锰钛铁矿。两类矿物特征均与典型金伯利岩中的指示矿物不同。 相似文献
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腾冲地块芒棒乡新生代新近纪芒棒组火山岩的研究,发现粗面安山岩中含有较多麻粒岩包体,主要类型为长英质麻粒岩和二辉麻粒岩,直径一般为3~5 cm,略具定向排列构造,粒状变晶结构特征.长英质麻粒岩包体平衡温度和压力为:869~969 ℃,0.94~1.00 GPa,二辉麻粒岩包体平衡温度为:841~972 ℃,均显示为高温麻粒岩相变质;寄主岩粗面安山岩中斑晶结晶估算的温度和压力为:1 008~1 059 ℃,1.26~1.33 GPa,表明它们形成和起源于下地壳到上地幔顶部之间.二辉麻粒岩包体电子背散射衍射(EBSD)显微组构分析表明,斜方辉石(紫苏辉石)和单斜辉石(普通辉石)均具有明显晶格优选方位(LPO),斜方辉石和单斜辉石主滑移系分别为:(010)[001]和(100)[001]、(010)[001],变形机制为位错蠕变,说明麻粒岩包体经历了高温塑性变形变质作用.新生代新近纪火山岩中高温麻粒岩的发现和研究表明,腾冲新生代岩浆活动可能与印度板块和腾冲地块俯冲-碰撞造山后的伸展垮塌-拆沉和板片断离,以及随后的上地幔物质上涌减压熔融产生玄武质岩浆底侵,导致的下地壳发生高温变质及火山岩浆作用有密切关系. 相似文献
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全球新生代高镁安山岩多分布于活动大陆边缘和岛弧环境，而板内高镁安山岩出露较少。近年来，在松辽盆地西侧的五岔沟地区和北侧的逊克、门鲁河地区以及俄罗斯远东地区相继发现了喷发于20.6～0.3 Ma（新近纪—第四纪）的板内高镁安山岩。这些板内高镁安山岩的发现对于探讨地幔中再循环地壳物质的属性和命运具有重要意义。文章报导了在松辽盆地东侧的牡丹江地区新发现的古近纪高镁安山岩（喷发于49.2～36.3 Ma）。这些火山岩SiO2含量为54.75～58.95 wt%,Mg#为45.18～51.72，属于高镁安山岩。牡丹江高镁安山岩属于亚碱性系列，岩性为玄武安山岩和安山岩，主量元素组成变化范围较小。基于岩相学观察和MELTS软件模拟计算，牡丹江高镁安山岩的矿物结晶顺序为：斜长石和斜方辉石斑晶较早结晶，之后斜方辉石、单斜辉石和钛铁氧化物等基质矿物结晶。MELTS软件模拟结果指示在岩浆演化过程中结晶出的矿物未脱离岩浆体系，岩石成分代表了相对原始的岩浆成分。文章利用斜方辉石—熔体测压法计算出牡丹江高镁安山岩的结晶压力为169～570 MPa，相当于5.6～18.8 km的深度。利用斜方辉石—熔体和熔体两种测... 相似文献
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西天山吐拉苏盆地安山岩中发现岩石包体及地质找矿意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
新疆西天山斑岩型铜矿找矿前景良好,但面临攻坚;吐拉苏盆地是西天山浅成低温热液型金矿集区,晚古生代吐拉苏盆地是北天山洋向南向伊犁板块之下俯冲形成的“西南太平洋型”岛弧环境,在金矿深边部寻找斑岩型铜金矿值得关注。笔者最近在岛弧安山岩中发现硫化物矿化二长斑岩、细晶闪长岩等岩石包体。岩石包体发现于塔乌尔别克金矿区,多呈浑圆体或次棱角状,随机分布于安山岩中,与围岩界线截然,常见安山岩围绕岩石包体形成冷凝边。二长斑岩包体显示似斑状结构,斑晶由斜长石和钾长石组成;细晶闪长岩主要由斜长石和角闪石组成,细晶结构,块状构造;寄主安山岩为斑状结构,斑晶为斜长石和少量角闪石及单斜辉石,基质由短柱状斜长石及少量单斜辉石组成,玻基交织结构。二长斑岩包体、细晶闪长岩包体和寄主安山岩三者具有极为相似的微量元素和稀土元素组成,均富集大离子亲石元素、相对亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素。这些岩石学和地球化学特点反映岩石包体是岛弧火山喷发过程中从下覆地质体捕掳成因,指示安山岩层之下存在同源斑岩体并可能已发生硫化物矿化。综合考虑吐拉苏盆地铜矿化点、酸性热液蚀变、高硫型和低硫型浅成低温热液金矿的组合关系,认为盆地内发育斑岩-浅成低温热液金铜成矿系统,塔乌尔别克是斑岩型铜金矿找矿重要靶区。 相似文献
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印度尼西亚克拉卡托火山安山质熔岩斑晶矿物中的岩浆包裹体 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
印度尼西亚克拉卡托火山安山岩的各类矿物斑晶中舍大量岩浆包裹体。根据岩浆包裹体均一温度和化学成分，可以建立如下斑晶矿物结晶顺序(由早至晚)：斜长石中心相(An83—72)、橄榄石→斜长石过渡相(An61)、单斜辉石、钛磁铁矿→斜长石边缘相(An54-42)。斜长石斑晶中心部分在5kb压力的岩浆深处结晶。高压环境和高钛含量，有利于早期斜长石斑晶所含岩浆包裹体中发生硅酸盐液体不混溶作用。这是板块构造消减带中安山质熔岩的特点。 相似文献
6.
稀土元素及锶同位素资料表明，形成白马杂岩体的母岩浆为玄武质岩浆，起源于上地幔，由被交代的上地慢橄榄岩经5％～10％部分熔融形成的；层状侵入体和正长岩为同源岩浆演化的产物；做榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石是岩浆演化早期最重要的堆积矿物；产于细粒辉长岩和层状辉长岩中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石，它们的Eu和Ce异常的差异，主要受控于矿物结晶时的氧化还原条件。 相似文献
7.
藏南冈底斯岩浆带经历了中生代俯冲-增生造山作用和新生代碰撞造山作用，是研究大陆地壳生长与演化的理想场所。位于冈底斯岩浆带中段的早始新世曲水岩基，主要由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、闪长岩及辉长岩等组成。前人已经在年代学、地球化学等方面对曲水岩基进行了大量研究。然而，对于岩基的形成是否由岩浆补给控制及其详细过程的研究还较为薄弱。花岗闪长质岩体中暗色岩浆包体特殊的产出状态，如包体墙和弥散状分布的包体等，显示岩浆补给在岩基形成过程中发挥了重要作用。包体中发育斜长石主晶包裹角闪石等客晶的嵌晶结构。本文聚焦包体斜长石的嵌晶结构及客晶矿物(如角闪石),结合背散射图像、矿物能谱扫描与矿物电子探针分析，以追踪曲水岩基形成期间的岩浆补给过程。计算结果显示客晶角闪石的结晶温度与压力最高(783～853℃、0.23～0.45GPa),包体基质角闪石次之(781～808℃、0.21～0.31GPa),花岗闪长质寄主岩中角闪石最低(769～802℃、0.18～0.26GPa)。此外，发育嵌晶结构的斜长石具有明显的成分环带，其偏钠质的核部指示了晶粥体的存在。本研究初步构建了岩浆补给模型与嵌晶结构的形成模型。镁铁质岩浆沿长英... 相似文献
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铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩及其包体的成因和矿物温压计的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
铜陵地区中酸性侵入岩可划分为橄榄安粗岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列。前者岩石组合为辉石二长闪长岩+二长岩+石英二长岩,后者为辉长闪长岩+石英二长闪长岩+花岗闪长岩。两个系列岩石的组成矿物种类相似,但在不同岩石中的含量不同,主要造岩矿物为斜长石、辉石、角闪石、黑云母、钾长石、石英。橄榄安粗岩系列岩石中含有大量的深源包体,包括辉石堆积岩包体、角闪石堆积岩包体和角闪石辉长质堆积岩包体,主要矿物为辉石、角闪石,其次为尖晶石、斜长石、磷灰石、金云母;高钾钙碱性系列岩石中含大量的微粒闪长质包体、镁铁质石英二长闪长质包体和富云母包体,主要矿物为斜长石、角闪石、黑云母。在考虑温压计使用条件的前提下,选择合适的温压计计算了两个系列侵入岩及包体形成的温压条件。结果表明,橄榄安粗岩系列侵入岩侵位深度(4～6km)略小于高钾钙碱性系列侵入岩(6～7km),各种堆积包体形成于45～65km的深位岩浆房,微粒闪长质包体形成于12～15km的浅位岩浆房,镁铁质石英二长闪长质包体是早期侵入岩的边缘相,而富云母包体可能为地壳部分熔融的残余相。 相似文献
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东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基斜长石成分组成与岩浆演化和混合作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基岩浆混合作用明显,斜长石作为主要造岩矿物,是研究岩石成因、示踪岩浆演化和岩浆混合过程的有效工具。对香加南山花岗岩基中寄主岩及暗色微粒包体中的斜长石进行岩相学和矿物化学研究。电子探针结果显示:寄主岩中正常环带斜长石(39~48,21~36)、包体中斜长石捕掳晶(41~49,35~36,43~49,31~47,27~38)和寄主岩矿物中包裹斜长石(29~45,14~32)具有演化的An值;部分寄主岩斜长石核部由于受到后期蚀变具有较高的An值(59~72)。包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部(52,31)和边部(33~37,25)An值存在间断;少量斜长石核部受到蚀变,An值较低(49),幔部(55~71)An值高于边部(46~49);部分包体中基质斜长石核部呈补丁状,暗色部分An值较高(66),浅色部分An值较低(33~39)。包体中斜长石捕掳晶主要分为干净斜长石捕掳晶和含有矿物的斜长石捕掳晶两大类,干净斜长石环带明显或聚片双晶发育,An值变化范围较小(41~49,35~36);含有暗色矿物的斜长石捕掳晶An值整体也呈震荡变化(43~49,31~47,27~38),但由于受到蚀变,部分测点An值较高(78),少量斜长石具有高An值增生边(73)。以上研究显示,结晶于寄主岩的斜长石正常演化序列反映寄主岩从演化早期到晚期,岩浆逐渐从偏基性向酸性转变;包体基质斜长石为包体进入寄主岩温度、压力和水饱和度降低导致斜长石受到熔蚀后继续结晶结果;包体中斜长石捕掳晶来自寄主岩,由于进入包体后温度和压力产生变化,以及后期生长,导致斜长石的成分和构造有所不同。香加南山花岗岩基及暗色微粒包体中斜长石的复杂环带为幔源镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆混合作用的结果。 相似文献
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甘肃北山红柳沟基性-超基性岩体位于塔里木板块北缘北山裂谷带, 岩体侵位于敦煌岩群,主要岩石类型有辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄角闪苏长岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩和辉石岩等。橄榄石Fo介于66.97%~82.92%之间,属贵橄榄石,斜方辉石En成分范围为68.49~77.65,属古铜辉石;单斜辉石En成分范围为45.85~48.81,主要为斜顽辉石和透辉石;斜长石An为58.70~72.69,以拉长石为主;角闪石以普通角闪石为主。岩体母岩浆Mg#值为0.59~0.62,属于高镁拉斑玄武质岩浆,岩浆演化过程中主要发生了橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用,主要分离结晶矿物受单斜辉石和斜方辉石的控制,岩浆上升侵位过程中遭受到下地壳物质混染。从构造环境、母岩浆、岩体类型、岩浆分异程度、同化混染等方面综合分析认为红柳沟岩体具有形成铜镍硫化物矿床的较大潜力。 相似文献
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Reproductive pentoxylalean material from the Albian Triton Point Formation, Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica is the youngest record of this group globally. Leaves are referred to Taeniopteris daintreei McCoy, ovulate reproductive organs to Carnoconites cranwelli Harris, and stem material to Pentoxylon sp. Occurring in leaf litter layers on palaeosol surfaces the sedimentology suggests that pentoxylalean plants grew upon areas of the floodplain distal to the river channel, where they covered the forest floor in a similar habit to modern brambles. The forest floor was shared with Equisetales and liverworts, an abundance of ferns [Cladophlebis Brongniart, Gleichenites Goeppert, Phyllopteroides Medwell, Sphenopteris (Brongniart) Sternberg], as well as angiosperms. Bennettitales, Ginkgoites Seward and Nilssonia Brongniart were rare within these communities, as were coniferous trees. 相似文献
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We used analyses of the strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of tooth enamel to reconstruct the migration patterns of fossil mammals collected along the Aucilla River in northern Florida. Specimens date to the late-glacial period and before the last glacial maximum (pre-LGM). Deer and tapir displayed low 87Sr/86Sr ratios that were similar to the ratios of Florida environments, which suggest that these taxa did not migrate long distance outside of the Florida region. Mastodons, mammoths, and equids all displayed a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Some individuals in each taxon displayed low 87Sr/86Sr ratios that suggest they ranged locally, while other animals had high 87Sr/86Sr ratios that suggest they migrated long distances (> 150 km) outside of the Florida region. Mastodons were the only taxa from this region that provided enough well-dated specimens to compare changes in migration patterns over time. Pre-LGM mastodons displayed significantly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios than late-glacial mastodons, which suggests that late-glacial mastodons from Florida migrated longer distances than their earlier counterparts. This change in movement patterns reflects temporal changes in regional vegetation patterns. 相似文献
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The diagnosis of Estherites corrugatus from the basal part of the Coniacian Second Member of the Nenjiang Formation in Nenjiang County, north-east China is revised following the application of a new preparation technique to some of the carapaces and an examination of specimens under a scanning electron microscope, both of which revealed morphological features on the carapace that had not been recognized previously. Restudy of the type species of the two subgenera Estherites (Euestherites) and Estherites (Parestherites) also revealed details of carapace features not seen hitherto. These indicate that they should be separated from Estherites. As a result, Euestherites is upgraded to genus level and Parestherites is placed in synonymy. The importance of Estherites and Euestherites is considered in the context of Late Cretaceous assemblages of these crustaceans and the three conchostracan provinces (South-West, South-East and North China) that are recognized to have been present in China during the Turonian–Santonian period. 相似文献
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As the fastest, lowest, flattest and amongst the most arid of continents, Australia preserves a unique geomorphic record of intraplate tectonic activity, evidencing at least three distinct modes of surface deformation since its rapid northward drift commenced around 43 million years ago. At long wavelengths (several 1000s km) systematic variations in the extent of Neogene marine inundation imply the continent has tilted north–down, southwest–up. At intermediate-wavelengths (several 100s km) several undulations of ~ 100–200 m amplitude have developed on the 1–10 myr timescale. At still shorter wavelengths (several 10s km), fault related motion has produced local relief at rates of up to ~ 100 m/myr over several million years. The long-wavelength, north–down tilting can be related to a dynamic topographic effect associated with Australia's northward drift from the geoid low, dynamic topography low now south of the continent to the geoid high, dynamic topography low centred above the south-east Asian and Melanesian subduction zones. The short wavelength, fault-related deformation is attributed in time to plate-wide increases in compressional stress levels as the result of distant plate boundary interactions and, in space, in part to variations in the thermal structure of the Australian lithosphere. At the intermediate wavelengths, transient, low amplitude undulations can be ascribed to either lithospheric buckling or the development of instabilities in the thermal boundary layer beneath the lithosphere. In the latter case, topographic asymmetries suggest the Australian lithosphere is moving north with respect to the mantle beneath, providing a unique attribution to the progressive alignment of seismic anisotropy and absolute plate motion observed near the base of the Australian lithosphere. 相似文献
16.
This paper deals with the taxonomic revision of the Early Cretaceous large, many-chambered planispiral planktonic foraminifera, historically assigned to the genus Globigerinelloides or alternatively assigned in the 1990s to the genera Globigerinelloides Cushman and ten Dam, Biglobigerinella Lalicker, Blowiella Krechmar and Gorbachik and Alanlordella BouDagher-Fadel. In a previous paper we demonstrated that the morphological and microstructural features used in the literature for distinguishing Blowiella from Globigerinelloides have value only at species level, and the former genus was thus invalidated (being the junior synonym). Moreover, the Late Aptian specimens assigned to Biglobigerinella by some authors, based on the presence of twin last chamber(s), are also included in Globigerinelloides because individuals sharing the same features (number of chambers, growth rate, size of umbilicus, and a finely perforate wall) may or may not possess twin last chamber(s). Meanwhile, Moullade et al. questioned the taxonomic value of Alanlordella, erected by BouDagher-Fadel to accommodate planispiral taxa possessing a macroperforate wall. All the species analysed here possess a finely perforate wall and consequently cannot be assigned to this taxon.The large species of Globigerinelloides retained here, with six or more chambers in the outer whorl, are G. algerianus Cushman and ten Dam, G. aptiensis Longoria, G. barri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan) and G. ferreolensis (Moullade).In the sections studied, Globigerinelloides aptiensis was first found close to the Barremian/Aptian boundary, even though this species was recorded in Spain (Rio Argos) in the mid Upper Barremian; very rare, small, seven-chambered individuals here assigned to Globigerinelloides ferreolensis are recorded in the Lower Aptian (just below and within the Selli Level, OAE1a), while a few specimens belonging to Globigerinelloides barri occur in the Globigerinelloides ferreolensis Zone (Upper Aptian). Globigerinelloides aptiensis and G. ferreolensis range up to the Ticinella bejaouaensis Zone while Globigerinelloides barri disappears at the top of the Globigerinelloides algerianus Zone; finally, Globigerinelloides algerianus obviously spans the eponymous total range zone.From an evolutionary point of view, two lineages within the many-chambered Globigerinelloides have been recognized. In the first, already known in the literature, Globigerinelloides aptiensis gave rise to G. ferreolensis, which evolved into G. algerianus; the latter in turn gave rise to Pseudoplanomalina cheniourensis as the final evolutionary member. In the second lineage Globigerinelloides barri originated from G. blowi. 相似文献
17.
Simon F. Mitchell 《Cretaceous Research》2005,26(6):895-897
Four new specimens of Euscalpellum? coatesi Donovan and Davis-Strickland from the Maastrichtian of Jamaica are described; two of these occur in association with the right valve of the rudistid bivalve Chiapasella radiolitiformis (Trechmann). This demonstrates that E.? coatesi is not a barnacle, but rather represents an unusual preservational state of the left valve of C. radiolitiformis retaining only the cellular inner part of the shell. 相似文献
18.
Yuong-Nam Lee 《Cretaceous Research》1997,18(6):849-864
The ichnofauna of the Woodbine Formation (Cenomanian), Denton County, Texas includes bird and dinosaur tracks. A new bird trackway,Magnoavipes loweiichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., appears to represent the largest bird tracks known from the Mesozoic. A theropod trackway,Fuscinapedis woodbinensisichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., is characterized by long digits of uniform width and pointed small claws. Six hadrosaurid trackways,Caririchnium protohadrosaurichnosichnosp. nov., are the oldest hadrosaurid tracks associated with skeletal elements. They include one isolated small footprint, a medium sized quadrupedal, and five large bipedal hadrosaurid trackways. 相似文献
19.
茹尔群岛(又称赖于尔群岛)位于东南极普里兹构造带的东部边缘,是一个由太古宙和中元古代岩石组成的复合高级变质地体。中元古代岩石是含有富Fe-Al的含石榴子石-矽线石的费拉副片麻岩组合,经历了格林维尔和泛非两期变质作用。太古宙正片麻岩是含有富Mg-Al的含假蓝宝石的超高温泥质麻粒岩组合(梅瑟副片麻岩组合),主要由经历超高温变质作用的含假蓝宝石的泥质麻粒岩、富Mg的石榴子石-矽线石泥质片麻岩、斜方辉石-矽线石石英岩、含石榴子石镁铁质麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐麻粒岩等组成。其中,含假蓝宝石泥质麻粒岩中石榴子石变斑晶和矽线石集合体(蓝晶石假象)周围分别发育峰期后由假蓝宝石+斜方辉石和假蓝宝石+堇青石后成合晶组成的典型减压结构。含石榴子石镁铁质麻粒岩中石榴子石变斑晶周围则发育峰期后由斜方辉石+斜长石后成合晶组成的典型白眼圈减压结构。不同研究者得出了具有不同超高温峰期条件、峰期前及峰期后演化历史、不同形式的顺时针变质P-T轨迹。对超高温变质事件发生的时间和构造背景的认识也存在较大分歧,有认为超高温变质事件发生于格林维尔期(~1000 Ma)并与碰撞造山和弧岩浆作用有关,也有研究认为发生于泛非期(~590 Ma或~530 Ma)并与普里兹造山及冈瓦纳大陆聚合有关。因此,为理清该区超高温麻粒岩的变质演化历史和构造背景,需要对其进一步进行详细深入的矿物组合-变质结构分析、P-T轨迹重建及高精度的锆石-独居石U-Pb年代学研究,并进行区域上对比。 相似文献
20.
云南禄丰县川街盆地中侏罗统产出弓鲛鱼类化石后甸弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young)、新庄弓鲛(新种)(Hybodus xinzhuangensis Sun)、川街弓鲛(新种)(Hybodus chuanjieensis Sun)。后甸弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young)是中国发现最早的弓鲛鱼类之一,正型标本为破碎的鳍棘,副型标本为一枚牙齿齿冠。依据在川街盆地相同层位发现的新化石材料,对后甸弓鲛副型标本进行了增补,补充了描述,建立了2个弓鲛新种:新庄弓鲛与川街弓鲛,丰富了"后甸弓鲛带"弓鲛类群,并讨论了弓鲛属的生物地层、生活的古环境和地理分布特征。 相似文献