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1.
Eighteen box cores of pelagic calcareous ooze from the Ontong Java Plateau in the western equatorial Pacific were subsampled and analyzed for the following physical properties: grain size, porosity, saturated density, mean grain density, compressional sound velocity and shear strength. In addition, weight percent CaCO3 was determined, and micropaleontological analyses of the Foraminifera were performed to determine preservation and sedimentation rates. Mean grain size of the sediments decreases at deeper depositional sites, primarily because of dissolution and fragmentation of calcareous microfossils. This, in turn, results in the sediments in deeper water having lower sound velocities and less shear strength. The physical properties of calcareous ooze are not significantly affected by any reprecipitation or incipient cementation of calcite that may occur soon after deposition. 相似文献
2.
海底沉积物实验室剪切波速度及其与沉积物的物理性质之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
采用压电陶瓷弯曲元法和共振柱试验的方法对采自我国海域的一些典型海底浅表层沉积物样品进行了剪切波速测试,获得首批可信数据.两种方法所测得的剪切波速数据具有很好的一致性,且在数赫兹至数十千赫兹频段范围内剪切波速不具明显弥散性.剪切波速与沉积物类型关系密切,不同海区和不同类型海底沉积物的剪切波速有明显差异.近海较细颗粒沉积物粉砂的剪切波速在100m/s左右,细颗粒沉积物的剪切波速在100m/s以下;陆架较粗颗粒沉积物的剪切波速最大,超过100m/s;深海、半深海细颗粒沉积物的剪切波速最低,小于50m/s.剪切波速与含水量、密度、孔隙度、塑限和液限等沉积物物理参数之间具很好的相关性,反映了剪切波速和物理性质之间的密切关系.剪切波速与压缩波速呈正相关性,但在不同的波速范围剪切波速随压缩波速的变化有很大不同. 相似文献
3.
Acoustic-Physical Properties of Calcareous Seafloor Soils and Their Significance in Engineering Geology 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
—The basic features and acoustic-physical properties of calcareous seafloor soils in the tropicsea area are obviously different from those of sediments mainly composed of terrigenous materials in theSouth China Sea.Generally.calcareous soils.composed of carbonate particles of marine organism re-mains.have the characteristics of high water content.high porosity.low wet density.high sound velocityand greatly varied compressive strength Recogni/ing the differences between calcareous soils andterrigenous sediments and engineering geologic significance of calcareous soils is crucial for seafloorgeologic research and geotechnical survey for pile jacket platform foundation design. 相似文献
4.
Multi-sensor core logger data and index properties were measured onboard the JOIDES resolution during ODP Leg 157 and compared with grain size distribution and carbonate contents measured in the on-shore laboratory. Cored sediments are similar in grain size, but very variable in carbonate content. Magnetic susceptibility clearly defines the volcanic turbidite layers, whereas GRAPE density and acoustic velocity help to define the coarser (silty) bases of some organic or calcareous turbidite layers. Index properties are mostly controlled by consolidation effects. 相似文献
5.
Multi-sensor core logger data and index properties were measured onboard the JOIDES resolution during ODP Leg 157 and compared with grain size distribution and carbonate contents measured in the on-shore laboratory. Cored sediments are similar in grain size, but very variable in carbonate content. Magnetic susceptibility clearly defines the volcanic turbidite layers, whereas GRAPE density and acoustic velocity help to define the coarser (silty) bases of some organic or calcareous turbidite layers. Index properties are mostly controlled by consolidation effects. 相似文献
6.
中国黄渤海沉积物声速与物理性质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to investigate the correlation between a sound velocity and sediment bulk properties and explore the influence of frequency dependence of the sound velocity on the prediction of the sediment properties by the sound velocity,a compressional wave velocity is measured at frequencies of 25–250 k Hz on marine sediment samples collected from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in laboratory,together with the geotechnical parameters of sediments.The results indicate that the sound velocity ranges from 1.232 to 1.721 km/s for the collected sediment samples with a significant dispersion within the series measuring frequency.Poorly sorted sediments are highly dispersive nearly with a positive linear relationship.The porosity shows a better negative logarithmic correlation with the sound velocity compared with other geotechnical parameters.Generally,the sound velocity increases with the increasing of the average particle size,sand content,wet and dry bulk densities,and decreasing of the clay content,and water content.An important point should be demonstrated that the higher correlation can be obtained when the measuring frequency is low within the frequency ranges from 25 to 250 k Hz since the inhomogeneity of sediment properties has a more remarkably influence on the laboratory sound velocity measurement at the high frequency. 相似文献
7.
浅地层剖面测量是海洋工程勘察、灾害地质调查和大陆架海洋地质科学研究的重要手段,资料解译的准确程度将对地质调查和研究成果的可靠性造成直接影响。由于发收分置型浅地层剖面仪的激发装置与接收装置是分开的,当调查区域的水深过浅时,将其近似为自激自收的单道地震系统会导致地层的畸变,水深越浅地层畸变率越大。根据浅地层剖面仪的基本原理,推导出了浅部地层厚度畸变校正公式,为用C-View软件更准确地解译此类浅地层剖面资料提供了参考。海底沉积物的声速直接影响浅地层剖面地层厚度解译的准确性,利用卢博等建立的适用于中国东南近海的声速经验公式,在某人工岛构造调查中,根据地质钻孔获取的孔隙度参数计算各沉积层的平均声速,建立相应的声速结构剖面,对地层厚度进行校正,取得较好的效果,用孔隙度预测声速的方法参数容易获取,能够提高浅地层剖面资料的解译精度,使地层的厚度更接近于实际,具有一定的实用意义。 相似文献
8.
本文针对采自印度洋深海中最常见的两类生物成因沉积物——钙质软泥和硅质软泥，开展了全岩样和不同粒级组分中常微量元素、稀土元素和Y（REY）含量的系统分析，探讨了两类沉积物中REY的组成特征、物质来源和富集机制。研究表明，钙质软泥以富含CaO和Sr为主要特征，硅质软泥则富集SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3等。钙质软泥中∑REY平均含量为40.56×10-6，轻稀土元素（LREE）略有富集，REY有向细粒沉积物中富集的特征，PAAS标准化后全岩样和不同粒级组分均表现为Ce负异常、Eu和Y正异常；REY以自生来源为主，继承了海水的组成特征，同时也受到了热液流体物质和洋底玄武岩风化产物的影响。硅质软泥中∑REY的含量为248.54×10-6，LREE相对富集，REY在4φ以细的沉积物中富集；研究站位沉积物中∑REY含量处于边界品位附近，但在细粒级沉积物中重稀土元素（HREY）含量则达到了工业品位；该类沉积物细粒组分中REY主要来自陆源或火山碎屑组分中黏土矿物和铁锰氧化物吸附作用，粗粒组分中REY来源则主要与生物作用相关；硅质软泥中REY的富集与沉积物中磷灰石等矿物相关，部分不同来源的REY可能是在沉积之后的成岩过程中再次分配向磷灰石、钙十字沸石等矿物中富集。 相似文献
9.
比较国内外主要研究者提出的海底沉积物声速单参数、双参数和多参数预报经验方程的物理意义和适用性,提出了孔隙度-含水量预报海底沉积物声速新的双参数公式,该式避免了单一参数预报声速经验方程和某些双参数公式中物理意义不明确以及多参数方程复杂性及对提高预报计算能力效果不显著之处.基于理论分析,改进孔隙度-含水量双参数计算公式得到的通用模型具有明确的物理意义,可以通过修改参数适用于不同海域的声速预报,提高了泛化能力,扩大了适用范围.通过对孔隙度、含水量等物理参数的权值分析研究,更加明确了孔隙度是影响海底沉积物声速大小的最关键参数.用台湾海峡北部、南海海域、珠江口大陆架三处的海域沉积物测量数据比较了不同模型,验证了本模型的优越性. 相似文献
10.
为准确建立海底地声模型,本文探讨地声模型的基本组成和基本结构。通过样品实验室测量,分析南海海底表层沉积物的密度、孔隙度与声速随着埋深变化的关系,得出海底实际存在的低声速表面–声速缓慢变化类型、低声速表面–声速增大类型、高声速表面–声速缓慢变化类型和高声速表面–声速增大类型4种典型地声结构;对比钻探测量,分析黄海海底沉积物的密度、孔隙度与声速随埋深变化关系,得出海底地声模型分层特征与地声结构组合特征。研究表明,地声模型可以归结为4种基本地声结构的组合,通过与底层海水声速、同层内声速剖面以及与上层海底沉积物下表面声速的比较,可以建立各种海底地声模型;基于实验室测量法建立的地声模型可以作为参考地声模型,但需要考虑实际海底温度和压力梯度以及海底沉积物的频散特性等,借助于声速比校正法和频散性理论模型进行计算及修正。 相似文献
11.
Michael J. Cruickshank 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1):85-86
Abstract The engineering properties of deep continental margin sediments were determined on a worldwide basis. Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) core data and material were utilized from over 900 cores obtained from 89 sites, primarily on the continental margins. Cores were recovered from penetrations to 200 m in water depths averaging 3000 m. Supplementary laboratory testing on selected cores was directed toward determining index properties and shear strength properties of the sediments. The study included a literature review of deep‐sea soil properties, the results of which are to be used by DSDP to evaluate foundation conditions for reentry cones with long casing strings. The results will also be used for a feasibility study of an ultradeepwater marine riser and well‐control system. The marine sediments examined can be divided into three main types: clay, calcareous ooze, and siliceous ooze. Sediment distribution consisted of 48% calcareous ooze, 43% clay, 6% siliceous ooze, and 3% volcanic ash. Because of the sample disturbance inherent in the deepwater coring operation, emphasis was placed on analyzing sediment properties not significantly affected by changes in in situ stresses and structure caused by sampling. Averages and ranges in values of water content and unit weight are presented for the three main sediment types. Plasticity and strength characteristics are discussed in detail and the elastic and compression properties are outlined. The geotechnical properties of deep continental margin soils are summarized. 相似文献
12.
基于遗传BP神经网络的海底沉积物声速预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在海底沉积物声速预报中,针对传统经验公式存在预测精度差、适用范围窄、缺乏物理意义等问题,在已有BP神经网络预测的基础上,运用遗传算法优化其初始权值和阈值的方法,构建出基于含水量、孔隙度的声速预报模型。将南沙海域采集得到的海底沉积物样品分为两部分,抽取120组涵盖陆架、陆坡、海槽等地貌单元的样品作为训练数据,另外剩余6组作为测试数据。经试验对比后发现,在对本区域进行声速预报时,宜采用遗传算法优化的BP神经网络,其要优于传统的单参数、双参数回归拟合预报方法和国内外其他学者所得到的经验公式。此种预报方法具有一定的科学依据和广泛的应用前景,可在今后为建立明确、统一的声速预报模型提供参考。 相似文献
13.
海底沉积物具有质地松软、强度低的特点,其强度参数与海上平台插桩就位、导管架的安装等工程关系紧密,与海上作业安全息息相关。常规钻孔取芯与静力触探等强度参数获取方法成本较高、取样点少,且对沉积物扰动较大,利用易获取的声学资料预测海底沉积物的强度参数具有重要研究意义。本文基于Wood方程、Biot-Stoll模型、Dvorkin等效介质模型等声波传播理论,计算不同物性参数（密度、孔隙度）梯度下的理论纵波速度,结合室内模拟地层声学实验,对比了模型计算声速与实测声速的变化特征,建立了声速与物性参数关系模型。基于室内模拟地层土力学试验,揭示了沉积物物性与抗剪强度、黏聚力等参数之间的关系,建立了物性与强度参数关系模型。以物性参数为桥梁,建立基于声学特征的海底沉积物强度参数预测模型。此模型既避免了原位取样沉积物失水扰动的问题,又弥补了经验公式局限性的缺点,具有普适性与准确性,有效提高无法取样地区沉积物强度参数的精度,提高了经济效益,对浅层的勘探与开发起到了理论指导的作用。 相似文献
14.
The Bering Sea shelf and Chukchi Sea shelf are believed to hold enormous oil and gas reserves which have attracted a lot of geophysical surveys. For the interpretation of acoustic geophysical survey results, sediment sound velocity is one of the main parameters. On seven sediment cores collected from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea during the 5th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, sound velocity measurements were made at 35, 50, 100, 135, 150, 174, 200, and 250 k Hz using eight separate pairs of ultrasonic transducers. The measured sound velocities range from 1 425.1 m/s to 1 606.4 m/s and are dispersive with the degrees of dispersion from 2.2% to 4.0% over a frequency range of 35–250 k Hz. After the sound velocity measurements, the measurements of selected geotechnical properties and the Scanning Electron Microscopic observation of microstructure were also made on the sediment cores. The results show that the seafloor sediments are composed of silty sand, sandy silt, coarse silt, clayey silt, sand-silt-clay and silty clay. Aggregate and diatom debris is found in the seafloor sediments. Through comparative analysis of microphotographs and geotechnical properties, it is assumed that the large pore spaces between aggregates and the intraparticulate porosity of diatom debris increase the porosity of the seafloor sediments, and affect other geotechnical properties. The correlation analysis of sound velocity and geotechnical properties shows that the correlation of sound velocity with porosity and wet bulk density is extreme significant, while the correlation of sound velocity with clay content, mean grain size and organic content is not significant. The regression equations between porosity, wet bulk density and sound velocity based on best-fit polynomial are given. 相似文献
15.
Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (Vp/Vs) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224–232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms. 相似文献
16.
Dongxia Chen Xiongqi Pang Zhenxue Jiang Jianhui Zeng Nansheng Qiu Maowen Li 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
A great difference exists between the hydrocarbon charging characteristics of different Tertiary lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression of the Bohai Bay Basin, east China. Based on wireline log data, core observation and thin-section analyses, this study presents detailed reservoir property data and their controlling effects from several case studies and discusses the geological factors that govern the hydrocarbon accumulation in turbidite reservoirs. The lacustrine fluxoturbidite bodies investigated are typically distributed in an area of 0.5–10 km2, with a thickness of 5–20 m. The sandstones of the Tertiary turbidites in the Jiyang Super-depression have been strongly altered diagenetically by mechanical compaction, cementation and mineral dissolution. The effect of compaction caused the porosity to decrease drastically with the burial depths, especially during the early diagenesis when the porosity was reduced by over 15%. The effect of cementation and mineral dissolution during the late-stage diagenesis is dominated by carbonate cementation in sandstones. High carbonate cement content is usually associated with low porosity and permeability. Carbonate dissolution (secondary porosity zone) and primary calcite dissolution is believed to be related to thermal maturation of organic matter and clay mineral reactions in the surrounding shales and mudstone. Two stages of carbonate cementation were identified: the precipitation from pore-water during sedimentation and secondary precipitation in sandstones from the organic acid-dissolved carbonate minerals from source rocks. Petrophysical properties have controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in turbidite sandstones: high porosity and permeability sandstones have high oil saturation and are excellent producing reservoirs. It is also noticed that interstitial matter content affects the oil-bearing property to some degree. There are three essential elements for high oil-bearing turbidite reservoirs: excellent pore types, low carbonate cement (<5%) and good petrophysical properties with average porosity >15% and average permeability >10 mD. 相似文献
17.
Gil Young Kim Gwang Soo Lee Dong Geun Yoo Young Kyo Seo Im Hak Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):264-270
The KISAP (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Seafloor Acoustic Probe) was developed to obtain in situ compressional wave velocity and attenuation profiles for seafloor sediments. The instrument comprises recording channel receivers, and an acoustic source, and can be attached to a corer or a probe. Here, we report experiments comparing KISAP in situ velocity to laboratory velocity of colocated piston cores. KISAP data matched laboratory data (corrected for temperature and pressure) reasonably. KISAP can be used to collect in situ acoustic data and can be effectively used to calibrate previous laboratory data to in situ data. 相似文献
18.
Correlations between sound velocity and related properties of glacio-marine sediments: Barents sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Statistical analysis of laboratory-measured compressional wave (sound) velocity, porosity, wet bulk density, and selected
textural parameters of surface sediments from the Barents Sea reveals that clay content and mean grain size are the best indices
to sound velocity. These parameters are followed closely by porosity and wet bulk density, while sand content provides the
weakest index. Although Barents Sea surface sediments are characterized by fairly high variability, the results of the present
study are in general agreement with studies of similar sediment types in other continental shelf environments. 相似文献
19.
Kevin P. Stephens Peter Fleischer Dawn Lavoie Charlotte Brunner 《Geo-Marine Letters》1997,17(4):299-305
Spatial variability of shallow-water carbonate sediments near Dry Tortugas, Florida, is scale-dependent. Wet bulk density,
grain density, porosity, compressional wave velocity, and grain size variability generally increase down to 2.4 m vertically
and 850 m laterally. Grain size is most variable, followed by porosity, wet bulk density, compressional wave velocity, and
grain density bothvertically and laterally, consistent with Walther’s Law. Variability was empirically modeled by linear regression
analysis to predict variability based on scale, characterize sediment property variability, and quantify sedimentisotropy. 相似文献
20.
1985年12月至1986年4月对西太平洋锰结核进行了调查并对所获沉积物样品进行了分析,研完了锰结核区域沉积物中Fe,Mn,Al和CaCO_3的含量分布特征及其相关关系,说明沉积物中Fe,Mn,Al和caCO_3的含量分布特征主要受水深的制约。 相似文献