共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 448 毫秒
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赤平投影对于分析岩体稳定性的几何边界问题,很方便、很适用。引入公式,可用AutoCAD软件精确的将边坡的几何条件绘制在赤平投影图上,便于边坡的稳定性分析。赤平投影中,结构面和坡面的组合关系很明确,分析时,要注意它们之间的相互几何关系,从而找出最不利的组合关系,从而控制边坡的失稳。 相似文献
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岩体结构面是影响岩质边坡位移及其稳定性的重要因素之一,但是由于数学和力学上的困难,岩体结构面对岩质边坡变形的影响通常难以用理论公式计算得出,目前只能采用数值分析手段。分别针对坚硬岩边坡和软岩边坡中存在软弱结构面的情况,用有限元差分程序FLAC和边坡稳定性系数公式,定量和定性地讨论了岩体结构面倾角对岩质边坡位移的影响。通过计算分析发现,(1)岩体中结构面的存在是影响岩石边坡位移及其稳定性的重要因素之一;(2)随着结构面倾角的增加,边坡的稳定性和边坡的位移可能增加,也可能减小,并不象我们想象的那样随着结构面倾角的增加而增加,必须用定性和定量方法针对具体问题进行具体分析。 相似文献
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用直线和曲线滑面两种模型，模拟预应力锚索加固含有水平软弱层的高陡边坡的潜在滑动面，通过对锚索加固的力学机理分析来阐述预应力在滑动面主滑方向上产生分力的原因。从锚索受力角度上对锚索倾角的取值范围进行探讨，结合实际造孔过程有不同程度的孔斜或弯曲以及获取较好的锚固灌浆效果，就仰角锚固和俯角锚固两种锚固条件分别得出锚索倾角的取值范围，并以此来判定锚索的预应力是否会在滑动面走向方向上产生不利于坡体稳定的下滑力。 相似文献
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建立乌鲁木齐国际机场临空经济区的战略思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着机场规模的扩大,客货运量的大幅增加,航线网络在全球的扩展,机场对周边地区的土地利用模式产生了一定的影响,这种影响将引起机场周边地区的经济结构、产业结构随之改变,最终逐渐形成一个对区域经济发展起到重要推动作用的临空经济区域。乌鲁木齐国际机场是全国第5大门户机场,但长期以来仅作为航空运输的节点,功能单一,机场周边地区的经济并未得到长足的发展。首先介绍了临空经济区的概念和发展背景,总结分析国内外大机场周边发展临空经济的经验,然后结合乌鲁木齐机场和腹地经济的现实情况,提出建立乌鲁木齐机场临空经济区的构想,并就临空经济区的产业发展方向和布局进行了探讨。 相似文献
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文章为某古栈道边坡工程治理设计,边坡主要由坡积层、洪积层、残积层及风化基岩组成,其中洪积层为主要的物质组成,洪积层为边坡上部岩质边坡发生多期崩塌后经洪水作用沉积形成的。边坡因开挖修复古栈道形成了大量路堑边坡,极端气候下,局部较高陡的洪积层路堑边坡的稳定性受到影响。选用SNS防护网对较高陡路堑边坡和坡面松散碎石进行临时支护是合理、经济、有效的。 相似文献
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花岗岩残积土开挖边坡的工程特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为研究开挖效应对花岗岩残积土工程特性的影响,进行压缩性和抗剪强度试验,研究应力卸荷、饱和软化、失水干缩的影响以及注浆加固效果,然后从几何微结构及其损伤角度,研究其开挖边坡滑动的微观机理,主要结果有:边坡开挖后,随着临空面的形成和暴露,失水干缩、应力卸荷及饱和软化等开挖效应将导致土体弱化,而且当它们共同作用时,弱化效应叠加;对花岗岩残积土注水泥浆,可修复并增强土体的微结构,减弱开挖效应;提出的微结构几何模型,基本反映了花岗岩残积土的微观特征,可较好地解释开挖效应,揭示开挖边坡的滑动破坏机理。研究成果可为花岗岩残积土开挖边坡防护的设计、施工及新技术研究提供概念上指导和参考。 相似文献
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本文运用断裂力学的原理和方法,分析了斜坡破坏过程中后缘开裂、滑动面的形成和结构面连通的机理,以及破坏中所遵循的轨迹。通过模拟实验、数值分析和应用,证明断裂力学方法是一种分析斜坡破坏机理的有效方法。 相似文献
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祁连山森林草原带坡面尺度土壤有机碳分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以祁连山森林草原带3个山头为研究对象,在坡面尺度上分析了坡向和坡位对不同深度(0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60 cm)土壤有机碳浓度和密度的影响。结果表明:坡肩、背坡及坡脚各层有机碳浓度变化趋势为北坡>西坡>西南坡>南坡,不同沟谷土壤有机碳浓度差异不显著。有机碳浓度的坡位分布因坡向而异,在南坡、西南坡及西坡,沟谷各层有机碳浓度均显著高于其他坡位(P<0.05),坡脚高于坡肩与背坡;在北坡,坡肩、背坡及坡脚有机碳浓度无显著差异,沟谷20~40、40~60 cm土层有机碳浓度显著低于坡肩(P<0.05)。不同层次土壤有机碳密度的变化特征与有机碳浓度相似,0~60 cm有机碳密度最大值出现在北坡(33.64±0.91 kg·m-2)及沟谷(34.30±2.55 kg·m-2),约为南坡的3.20倍,西南坡的2.87倍、西坡的1.90倍。 相似文献
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坡面对全球可照时间影响的解析研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据坡面日出日没时角配置关系及其变化规律可得到在全球坡面可照时间的具体计算公式,它们是太阳赤纬、坡度、坡向和纬度的函数。根据各种情况下坡面可照时间对坡度或坡向的偏微分可以证明,全球的坡面可照时间总是随坡度的增加而减少或保持不变,而全球坡面的可照时间随坡向的增加则是或增加、或减少、或不变,并在一定条件下存在使坡面可照时间有极大值和极小值的坡向,这些坡向是纬度、太阳赤纬和坡度的函数。 相似文献
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震后崩塌是强烈地震造成的震裂山体在后期余震、降雨及重力作用下变形不断发展并再次发生的崩塌。基于对四川省省道S303线映秀-卧龙段震后公路边坡崩塌灾害的调查,通过空间分布、崩塌与物质组成、岩性、失稳斜坡坡度、坡高、坡形、坡向和崩塌形成机理的关系等方面的分析,得到了震后崩塌灾害的发育规律:1.震后崩塌分布规律与地震时引发的崩塌的规律一致,即地震时易发生崩塌的地段地震后仍然易发生崩塌。2.按照边坡物质组成,以岩质边坡崩塌占绝大多数,岩土组合体边坡次之;较坚硬岩石中发生的崩塌多而较弱岩石中发生崩塌少,沿线发生崩塌最多的是岩性为闪长岩、辉长岩和变质砂岩等坚硬岩石组成的斜坡。3.失稳斜坡坡度在36°～85°之间,主要分布在41°～60°之间,即震后崩塌灾害主要发生在40°以上的斜坡。映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段发生崩塌的边坡坡度有明显的差别,映秀-耿达段集中在坡度为46°～60°的斜坡,而耿达-卧龙段集中在在坡度为41°～55°的斜坡。4.绝大多数崩塌发生在坡高150 m以内的斜坡上,映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段发生崩塌的边坡高度有明显的差别,映秀-耿达段集中在高度为51～350 m的斜坡,而耿达-卧龙段集中在在高度<200 m的斜坡,尤以高度<100 m的最多。5.阳坡和阴坡的崩塌数量有明显的差异,阳坡发生崩塌的数量远远大于阴坡崩塌发生的数量。6.震后边坡崩塌的形成机理以滑移式崩塌和倾倒式为主。映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段地处不同地质构造单元,由于岩性的差异,发生崩塌的斜坡的坡度、高度和主要形成机理具有差异性。 相似文献
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Terzaghi (Geotechnique 12 (1962) 251) and Young (Young, A., 1972. Slopes. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 288 pp.) described the stable forms of slopes in sedimentary rock masses, assuming penetrative discontinuities, which are parallel to bedding and joints which are perpendicular to bedding. The only movements considered were slides along bedding. Experience in the Canadian Rockies indicates that the cohesionless rock masses that exist at or above tree line may also move by toppling, buckling and sliding along joints. These processes also act to limit the inclinations of stable slopes. Rock strength is a factor in the critical height of a slope that buckles. The processes can be represented as fields on a process diagram, a plot of slope inclination against bedding dip, using the basic friction angles of the rocks present.The process diagram also separates five common mountain peak shapes, which form on homoclinal sequences of beds. Castellate and Matterhorn mountains occur in sub-horizontal beds, cuestas develop in gently to moderately dipping beds. Hogbacks formed in moderately to steeply dipping beds have similar slope angles on both cataclinal and anaclinal slopes. Dogtooth mountains occur in steeply dipping sub-vertical beds. 相似文献
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斜坡类型描述岩层产状与斜坡的角度关系,很大程度上决定了斜坡岩土体变形的方式和强度,对地质灾害分布具有重要作用。斜坡的顺向坡、反向坡与地形的阳坡、阴坡概念相似,可以利用改进的太阳辐射地形因子计算模型(TOBIA指数)对斜坡类型进行定量化表达。计算TOBIA指数需要斜坡坡度、坡向、岩层倾角、倾向4个参数。以三峡库区顺向坡基岩滑坡多发地段青干河流域为例,通过区域地质图上产状点获取离散岩层倾角和倾向数值,经空间插值得到空间连续分布的倾角和倾向参数;通过数字高程模型获取坡度和坡向参数,得到区内TOBIA指数分布。在此基础上进一步研究指数和滑坡发育关系。结果表明,TOBIA指数值与区内斜坡类型密切相关,根据TOBIA指数值能很好地区分斜坡类型。以二分类变量逻辑回归模型对坡度和指数两个变量进行分析,发现引入TOBIA指数后,回归模型对已知滑坡拟合度由55%提高到71.5%,能有效提高区域滑坡灾害危险性区划结果精度。 相似文献
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Slope failures cause billions of dollars of damage annually and put human lives at risk. This study employed field measurements and observations to provide the framework for laboratory simulations to investigate the effects of environmental characteristics on slope stability in the highly fractured bedrock region of the Boston Mountains, northwest Arkansas. Field measurements, to determine characteristics and possible controls of 10 shallow slope failures along an interstate highway, revealed that slope failures occurred within a relatively narrow range of slope angles (17–36°) and in loamy soils. Based on field observations, flume experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between soil texture, slope angle, bedrock fractures, soil compaction, and slope instability. Time to failure differed (p < 0.05) among treatment combinations. Generally, slopes composed of loam were more stable than slopes composed of sand. Time to failure decreased more on slopes of 15–20° than on slopes of 20–25°. Flume slopes with sod cover never failed. This study provided a methodology for using field analyses of slope failures to guide laboratory experiments and demonstrated that complex interactions among environmental factors work to stabilize or compromise steep (>20°) slopes. 相似文献
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《自然地理学》2013,34(6):561-573
The semi-arid forest-steppe ecotone in China is characterized by a patchy pattern of forest and steppe, with forest patches restricted to shady slopes. To address the effect of topography on forest distribution through regulation of available water, we calculated evaporation as a function of slope aspect and inclination. Field vegetation records from randomly selected sites with minimum slope inclination were used to test the simulated forest distribution. Seasonal and diurnal changes of surface soil temperature and moisture of shady and sunny slopes were recorded. Soil water content was measured during two growing seasons on both sunny and shady slopes with the same forest type at three sites located along the mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradient. Evaporation decreases with slope inclination on shady slopes, but increases with inclination on sunny slopes. The shady slope received 35% of the annual direct solar radiation received by the sunny slope when the slope inclination was 25°, and the contrast in annual direct solar radiation between the shady and sunny slopes further widens as slope inclination increases. Steeper shady slopes can support forests in dryer climates, with log-linear regression revealing a minimum slope inclination for forest distribution along the MAP gradient. The simulated minimum slope inclination for forest growth was larger than the observed minimum inclination, and the difference was greater in wetter conditions. A larger forest area fraction was considered to lead to a reduction in soil temperature and evaporation, as verified by soil temperature and moisture records and soil water content measurements. The slope-specific forest distribution in the semi-arid region of China can be explained by a topography-controlled soil water supply. Lower evaporation, resulting from lower direct solar radiation on shady slopes, allows shady slopes to retain a water supply sufficient for sustaining forests, and the existence of forests on shady slopes further reduces evaporation. Different tree species coexist at the xeric timberline due to regulation by slope inclination and aspect. 相似文献