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北京市作为国家重点设防超大型城市,其地震灾害的敏感性和脆弱性极高。本文研究得到了以公里网格为单元的北京市建筑物抗震能力分类评价及其地震灾害风险分析结果。主要研究工作有:(1)针对北京市房屋抗震能力差异较大的现状,开展了建筑结构现场调查;(2)分析社会多元因素对北京市建筑物抗震能力的影响程度,建立了北京市建筑抗震能力分区分类方法;(3)建立了北京市各类建筑物地震易损性矩阵;(4)基于易损性分析结果,得到了北京市在不同概率地震作用下的建筑物直接损失和人员死亡评估模型。本文相关工作可为北京市政府和民众了解地震可能造成的威胁,做好震前准备和规划提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本文利用有限元法分析了在水平地震作用下刚性(?)转壳贮液罐液体的动力反应。理论分析与形成有限元公式所作的基本假设是罐内液体为理想流体以及它的流动是无旋的。 上述问题只有在圆柱形罐时才有解析解。根据理论分析与本文所建立的有限元公式设计了计算机程序,用它算出的贮液罐内液体晃动的固有频率与地震动力反应值与解析解相比具有很好的精确度。我们利用这一程序计算还得出结论:尽管Housner法是一种近似法,它只能求出液体晃动的基频,但该法仍具有相当的精确度。 相似文献
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本文分两部分:1.联合应用有限元和边界积分法对带顶盖的圆柱形储液罐进行自振分析,并用反应谱方法求地震反应。研究了顶盖、静水压力等因素对各阶环向振型频率的影响和罐体自身质量、液面以上罐体刚度对包含有cosθ的振型的频率和地震内力的影响,建议了一个计算拱顶罐动力反应的简化模型。2.在此基础上,用有限元-级数展开法对水平地震作用下的储液罐的稳定性作了探讨,讨论了环向内力和平错内力对储液罐稳定性的影响以及液面附近罐壁失稳的现象,对目前规范中有关储液罐稳定验算方法作了评价。两部分的计算结果与试验结果作了比较。 相似文献
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城市房屋抗震能力综合评定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
房屋震害指数是对房屋地震破坏程度的一种定量描述。根据城市房屋震害预测结果,应用房屋综合震害指数对城市房屋抗震能力评定方法进行了探讨,并以胜利油田基地地区为例(东营市西城区)进行了房屋抗震能力综合评定。 相似文献
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大跨预应力混凝土框架结构的静力弹塑性(pushover)分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
基于美国规范ATC-40和N2方法,建立了大跨预应力混凝土框架结构竖向地震反应的静力弹塑性(pushover)分析方法。编制了预应力混凝土构件截面弯矩-曲率的计算程序。这些为评价大跨预应力混凝土框架结构的竖向抗震能力提供了有益的参考。结合具体工程实例进一步说明了该方法的实施步骤。 相似文献
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地震作用下立式储液罐罐壁“象足”变形仿真分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于ANSYS软件建立了考虑液体晃动和罐底提离立式储液罐有限元模型,分别进行了水平地震和竖向地震作用下罐壁“象足”变形分析。分析表明:立式储液罐罐壁“象足”变形主要是由罐壁纵向压应力超过临界应力而产生的局部屈曲破坏,并非强度破坏。因罐底提离导致的罐底与基础反复撞击加大了作用在罐壁上的应力,使罐壁底部“象足”变形不断发展,最终导致罐壁撕裂。在完全相同地震加速度作用下,水平地震作用比竖向地震作用罐壁更早更容易进入屈曲状态,产生“象足”变形。 相似文献
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地震作用下立式储液罐罐壁"象足"变形仿真分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于ANSYS软件建立了考虑液体晃动和罐底提离立式储液罐有限元模型,分别进行了水平地震和竖向地震作用下罐壁"象足"变形分析.分析表明:立式储液罐罐壁"象足"变形主要是由罐壁纵向压应力超过临界应力而产生的局部屈曲破坏,并非强度破坏.因罐底提离导致的罐底与基础反复撞击加大了作用在罐壁上的应力,使罐壁底部"象足"变形不断发展,最终导致罐壁撕裂.在完全相同地震加速度作用下,水平地震作用比竖向地震作用罐壁更早更容易进入屈曲状态,产生"象足"变形. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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