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1.
Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was collected in an unpolluted (UP) and an polluted (P) site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained under control conditions (UPC and PC, respectively) or exposed to waterborne copper (UPCu and PCu; 500 microg Cu/l), for 48 h. Four groups (aaUPC, aaPC, aaUPCu, and aaPCu) were also pre-exposed for 48 h to ascorbic acid (aa; 0.1 mM) before copper exposure. Histological and morphological alterations, as well as oxygen consumption changes were evaluated. Independently of the sampling site and the pre-exposure to the ascorbic acid, morphological abnormalities were evident in more than 80% of worms exposed to copper. Conspicuous histological changes (coeloma obliteration, cuticle separation from the epidermis, and absence of dorsal vessel) were also observed. In addition, PCu worms showed loss of the digestive epithelium and coiling behavior. Similar oxygen consumption values were observed in control and copper exposed worms. 相似文献
2.
Laura A. Geracitano Jos M. Monserrat Adalto Bianchini 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):625
Laeonereis acuta was seasonally collected in an industrially polluted site (P) and in an unpolluted site (UP) at the Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity (U/mg protein) was determined in five groups of worms from each site. Metallothionein (MT – μmol GSH/g ww) and lipid peroxides content (LPO – nmoles of cumene hydroperoxide/g ww) were also measured. Annual mean values for CAT (UP=3.7±0.3; P=5.7±0.6), GST (UP=0.034±0.003; P=0.045±0.004) and MT (UP=0.15±0.02; P=0.23±0.03) were higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site. In autumn, CAT activity was higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site (7.6 ± 1.3) than in those from the UP site (3.6 ± 0.4). In summer, MT concentration was higher in worms from the P site (0.37 ± 0.03) than in those from the UP site (0.19 ± 0.01). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the LPO content was observed in worms from the different sites or collected in different seasons. These results indicate that worms from the polluted site showed higher antioxidant responses than those from the unpolluted site, sufficient to prevent oxidative damage in terms of LPO. 相似文献
3.
Andrew D. Laurie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):869-877
Metallothionein (MT) is a protein found in most eukaryotes where its primary role is the regulation of homeostasis of the essential metals copper and zinc. MTs have an additional protective role through their binding of toxic metals such as cadmium and mercury. Increased expression of MT in response to harmful levels of these metals has been demonstrated for several aquatic species. In this study, the expression of MT in the liver tissue of the New Zealand common bully Gobiomorphus cotidianus was measured by quantifying MT mRNA. A statistically significant increase in MT expression was observed in fish exposed to copper for 48 h, but not those exposed to zinc. Field sampling of common bullies showed a wide variation in individual hepatic MT mRNA levels which did not correlate with fish age, sex, or sampling location. A comparison of two populations of common bullies from a polluted and a control site showed a two‐fold higher mean MT mRNA level in fish from the polluted site. Implications for using MT expression in the common bully as a bio‐monitoring tool are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Geracitano LA Bocchetti R Monserrat JM Regoli F Bianchini A 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(1):1-17
Acute (4 days) and chronic (14 days) effects of copper were evaluated on the antioxidant defenses of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta) collected in unpolluted (UP) and polluted (P) sites. In the acute assay (125 and 250 micro g Cu/l) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities did not change, whereas catalase (CAT) increased in worms from both the sites. Lipid peroxidation was higher in copper exposed worms from the P site. In the chronic assay (62.5 micro g Cu/l) polychaetes from the P site showed enhanced activities of SOD, GST and CAT and higher contents of metallothionein-like proteins and sulfhydrils compared to worms from UP. Differences in responses between polychaetes from UP and P sites suggest that organisms from the polluted site, P, are more susceptible to oxidative stress conditions. 相似文献
5.
为了研究金属蛋白酶对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)抗氧化系统的影响,作者分别对大菱鲆肌肉注射不同浓度的金属蛋白酶,并于3、6、12、24、48、72 h测定血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化。结果显示,低质量浓度组(0.037mg/mL)金属蛋白酶处理后,CAT和T-SOD活力除3h显著高于对照组外(P0.05),其余时间点均与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),而低浓度组GSH-Px和T-AOC在整个试验过程中均与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。中质量浓度组(0.073mg/mL)金属蛋白酶胁迫后血清中CAT、GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC在3 h～72 h均呈现波浪形的变化趋势。高质量浓度组(0.147 mg/mL)金属蛋白酶对上述4种抗氧化酶产生不同程度的抑制,且在6 h～72 h均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。金属蛋白酶低质量浓度和中质量浓度组MDA含量呈现较为平稳的变化趋势,且与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),而高质量浓度组MDA含量在3 h～72 h均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。 相似文献
6.
组织蛋白酶D是溶酶体天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族的主要成员,广泛参与动物机体细胞内蛋白质的降解过程,对维持细胞稳态和正常代谢具有重要的作用。为研究组织蛋白酶D在甲壳动物非特异性免疫和幼体发育过程中的作用,本研究采用RACE技术首次克隆得到日本囊对虾组织蛋白酶D基因cDNA序列,命名为MjCatD,其中开放阅读框长为1161 bp,编码386个氨基酸残基。序列分析和同源建模显示该基因编码的蛋白含有保守的N-糖基化位点、天冬氨酸蛋白酶签名序列、酶活化位点和非消化性组织蛋白酶D的特征序列,并且呈保守的双叶形结构。同源性比较和系统进化分析发现,MjCatD与斑节对虾、美洲螯龙虾和脊尾白虾相似性较高,并且与它们紧密聚为一支。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,MjCatD基因在日本囊对虾多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高。在白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)感染后3～24 h日本囊对虾肝胰腺中MjCatD的表达量逐渐下降,而在48 h急剧上调至最高表达量并且与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。此外,MjCatD基因在幼体发育不同阶段中也表现出明显的变化趋势。以上研究表明,MjCatD基因可能参与日本囊对虾先天免疫反应和幼体发育过程。 相似文献
7.
夏季高温是限制龙须菜(Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis)生长和发育的一个主要问题。本研究以野生龙须菜作为材料,经过28℃的热锻炼预处理72 h,再分别置于32、36、40℃高温胁迫24 h,并测定了高温胁迫条件下龙须菜的丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和可溶性蛋白质的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸(AsA)水平等生理指标,研究了龙须菜对高温胁迫的响应。结果表明:热锻炼能维持藻体较低的MDA含量,降低H2O2的产生速率,缓解藻体的膜脂过氧化伤害;同时热锻炼缓解了可溶性蛋白质的降解,增加了SOD酶的比活力,缓解了AsA的下降速率,说明热锻炼能缓解高温胁迫对藻体的伤害,有效地提高了龙须菜对高温胁迫响应的能力。 相似文献
8.
c-Jun氨基端激酶(c-JunN-terminalkinases,JNKs)是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)蛋白超家族成员之一,参与细胞骨架构建、细胞凋亡等多种细胞活动。本研究克隆了香鱼(Plecoglossusaltivelis)JNK1基因cDNA序列,并检测了其成熟卵在排入体腔保存不同时间(0—96h)的过熟过程中JNK1基因的表达变化。结果显示,香鱼JNK1基因cDNA序列全长1670bp,含一个长度1155bp的开放读码框,编码384个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子质量约44.2kDa、理论等电点6.61。氨基酸序列多重比对显示硬骨鱼类中JNK1氨基酸序列高度保守,香鱼与黄鳝的JNK1序列相似性最高(97.6%)。系统进化树分析显示各种脊椎动物的JNK1、JNK2、JNK3分别聚为一簇;本研究获得的香鱼JNK1位于JNK1大簇中并与黄鳝JNK1优先相聚,表明二者进化关系较近。RT-PCR检测结果显示健康香鱼JNK1基因在脑和性腺中高表达,肝和鳃中无表达。实时荧光定量PCR检测显示香鱼成熟卵JNK1基因的表达变化与卵的受精率、孵化率随保存时间延长而降低之间存在相关性:成熟卵随保存时间的延长JNK1表达量逐渐升高、在48h时达到峰值(24h、48h时的表达量分别为0h时的1.49倍和2.55倍),在此期间卵有较高的受精率和孵化率(48h时分别为88.99%和67.32%);保存时间继续延长时卵内JNK1基因都处于高表达水平,72h和96h时的表达量分别为0h时的2.32倍和1.53倍,而卵的质量也在保存超过48h后急剧下降(72h时受精率和孵化率分别为50.2%和25.54%)直至基本失去受精、孵化能力(96h时受精率和孵化率分别为10.83%和0.54%)。综上,香鱼JNK1基因表达上调与香鱼成熟卵的过熟凋亡过程密切相关,为深入研究香鱼JNK1基因的功能及卵过熟机制提供了基础资料。 相似文献
9.
在对照饲料中添加不同水平的硫酸铜、富马酸铜和蛋氨酸铜,使硫酸铜组铜离子含量为32mg/kg,富马酸铜和蛋氨酸铜组铜离子含量分别为16mg/kg、32mg/kg和48mg/kg,共组成8种饲料(饲料编号为对照、Sul-32、Fum-16、Fum-32、Fum48、Met-16、Met-32和Met-48),饲喂凡纳滨对虾(初重0.74±0.01g)8周。结果表明,饲料中添加三种铜源均能不同程度提高凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率(SGR)、存活率(Survival)和蛋白质效率(PER),降低饲料系数(FCE)。其中,Met-16和Fum-32组的SGR显著高于对照组(P0.05),Met-16、Met-32和Fum-32组的PER显著高于其它各组(P0.05);不同铜源对凡纳滨对虾的体组成没有显著影响(P0.05),但Met-32组的肝体比(HSI)显著下降(P0.05)。各组间血清铜蓝蛋白(CER)含量差异不显著(P0.05),Met-16和Fum-32组的生长激素(GH)含量则显著高于对照组(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,饲料中三种铜源能不同程度的提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能,但相同浓度有机铜离子的生物利用率优于无机铜,其顺序为:蛋氨酸铜富马酸铜硫酸铜。饲料铜对凡纳滨对虾的促生长作用可能是通过提高体内相关抗氧化酶的活性及刺激生长激素的分泌来实现的。 相似文献
10.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study cadmium (Cd) toxicity in an intertidal gastropod, Turbo intercostalis. Tolerance studies revealed an LC50 of 6.18 ppm for 96 h. Experiments were also conducted to determine oxygen consumption and bioaccumulation of the metal by exposing the snails to a sublethal concentration of Cd (1.24 ppm) for 20 days. A significant fall in oxygen consumption was observed from 48 h onwards with maximum decrease (65.5%) at 20 days. The accumulation of Cd was determined in gonad-digestive gland (GDG) complex, mantle and foot at different intervals. There was a gradual increase in accumulation with exposure time in all tissues. The accumulation of Cd was: GDG complex>mantle>foot. The percentage body burden of the metal showed a decreasing trend in the mantle and an increasing trend in GDG complex. The fractional retention coefficients increased with exposure time. The snails exhibited a tissue-specific depuration of the metal and the trend was similar to that of accumulation. The results suggest that T. intercostalis may be a useful species for biomonitoring studies. 相似文献
11.
余氯对大亚湾海区平鲷和黑鲷幼鱼的毒性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用含游离余氯、化合余氯的海水分别对大亚湾平鲷Rhabdosargussarba、黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus浸毒处理30min和60min。结果表明,两种形态余氛对色的耗氧率有明显抑制作用,游离余氯对平鲷、黑鲷的48hLC50分别为0．19和0．18mg·L－1,48hLC1分别为0．07和0.06mg·L－1;化合余氯的48hLC50分别为0.56和0．60mg·L－1,48hLC1分别为0．21和0．24mg·L-1。游离余氯的毒性大约是化合余筑的6倍。游离余氯、化合余氯安全阈限估算值分别为0．09和0．28mg·L－1,稍高于48hLC1。 相似文献
12.
本文探究环境低氧对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)氧化应激和能量利用指标的影响，为军曹鱼的健康养殖提供参考依据。通过设置低氧胁迫–恢复实验，将军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体质量(220.67±20.73)g)在低氧((2.64±0.25)mg/L)胁迫3 h及复氧((6.34±0.15)mg/L)8 h、24 h和48 h后，测定其肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激与能量利用指标。结果显示，低氧胁迫后，肝脏中丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase，CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase，GR)活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)，乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase，LDH)活性显著高于对照组(p <0.05)；肌肉中MDA和脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxidase，LPO)活性均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)，超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase，SOD)和LDH活性均显著高于对照组(p<0.05)；肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著低于对照组(p<0.01)。复氧过程中，肝脏和肌肉中MDA、LPO、SOD、CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase，GPx)和GR含量均出现不同程度的升高；肝糖原在复氧24 h后显著高于对照组(p<0.05)，复氧48 h后显著低于对照组(p<0.05)；肌糖原在复氧8 h、24 h和48 h后均显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。研究表明，低氧胁迫能够对军曹鱼幼鱼机体造成一定的氧化损伤，肝脏和肌肉组织的酶活力和能量供应发生变化；低氧胁迫后的再复氧环境，对机体造成更为强烈的氧化损伤，可通过自身生理调节逐渐恢复到正常水平。 相似文献
13.
Laboratory bioassays were conducted to test the acute toxicity effects of sudden exposure to sodium cyanide (NaCN) on the
endogenous rhythm of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the black rockfishSebastes schlegeli. The OCR of the black rockfish (n = 14, total length = 20.4 ± 1.16 cm, wet weight = 158 ± 25 g) was measured with an automatic
intermittentflow-respirometer. OCR decreased significantly when experimental fish were exposed to NaCN. When exposed to 10
ppb NaCN, fish were able to recover their OCR rhythmic activities. When fish were exposed to 20 ppb, however, the metabolic
activity rhythms were not recovered. These results suggest that exposure to NaCN concentrations over 20 ppb cause severe physiological
damage to the endogenous rhythms of black rockfish. 相似文献
14.
采用海水盐度由25突降至21、17和13胁迫大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)的方法,研究了48h内血清生理生化和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的变化。结果表明,实验过程中三个盐度突降组的血清Na+、Ca2+离子浓度均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),血清K+浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),且升高幅度与盐度突降幅度呈正相关,最大值达14.03mmol/L(盐度13组,48h);血清Cl浓度在盐度21组未发生显著变化(P>0.05),17和13组则在48h时显著降低(P<0.05);三个盐度突降组的血清酶ALT、AST、LDH、CK-MB活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),随胁迫时间的延长呈先升后降的趋势,且变化幅度均与盐度突降幅度呈正相关;三个盐度突降组的鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力均呈先升后降的变化趋势,除盐度21组在12h时高于对照组外,活力均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且降低幅度与盐度突降幅度呈正相关;到实验15天时,死亡率随盐度突降幅度增大而升高。 相似文献
15.
以哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、鲍类疱疹病毒(Abalone herpesvirus,Ab HV)悬液对杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)注射刺激,研究其血淋巴中可溶性总蛋白浓度,免疫相关酶超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(Acid Phosphatase,ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase,AKP)活性的变化,杂色鲍外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、腹足中血蓝蛋白(Hemocyanin,Hc)基因Hc1、Hc2相对表达量的变化以及感染后杂色鲍无细胞血浆的抑菌性。结果显示:(1)杂色鲍血淋巴中可溶性总蛋白浓度变化显著,呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。(2)无细胞血浆中的SOD、ACP、AKP活性与对照组相比变化显著,哈维弧菌注射组的SOD活性在感染后第6小时显著升高;Ab HV注射组SOD活性与对照组比较在注射后的各个时相均呈下降趋势,从注射后6 h各个时相的SOD活性与对照组相比均差异显著(P0.05)。哈维弧菌注射组ACP活性在注射后的第48小时显著升高;Ab HV注射组ACP活性在注射后的第12小时显著升高。哈维弧菌注射组AKP活性在注射后48 h显著升高;AbHV注射组AKP活性在注射后第12小时显著升高。(3)杂色鲍外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺以及腹足中血蓝蛋白两个基因Hc1、Hc2的相对表达量均在注射后的不同时间点出现升高。(4)杂色鲍无细胞血淋巴对哈维弧菌、创伤弧菌和溶珊瑚弧菌这三种贝类病原均表现出了不同程度的抑菌性增强的作用。这些结果表明细菌和病毒的刺激引起了杂色鲍免疫相关因子的变化,使得血淋巴的抑菌性增强。本研究为今后进一步研究杂色鲍的非特异性免疫以及在生产实践中应用免疫技术防治病害提供参考。 相似文献
16.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
17.
A simple, rapid and quantitative embryo-larval bioassay that uses changes in echinochrome pigment synthesis as an indicator of seawater toxicity has been developed to allow increased use of sensitive sea urchin bioassays where time, resources and technical expertise may be limited. Several 48 h embryo-larval tests were conducted with lowered salinity and increased concentrations of copper as the potential toxicants. At 48 h the larvae were examined for echinochrome pigment level (E), the number of embryos that had gastrulated (G) and the percentage of gastrulas that had developed to prisms (P). Relationships between the pigment levels (E) and morphological parameters (G and P) were investigated using simple and partial correlation analysis. Reductions in echinochrome levels were correlated with both G and P, and partial correlation analysis showed that changes in echinochrome levels are associated with G, P, or G and P, depending on the experimental conditions. The echinochrome measurement procedure appears to be as good as or better than the morphological examination technique since it is as sensitive, less variable and takes about 25% of the time required for morphological examination. 相似文献
18.
Copper is currently the most common biocide in antifouling paints. Levels of this metal were measured in the water, particulate matter and sediments from a shellfish farming area in the Sacca di Goro (Northern Adriatic Sea) over one year. With respect to the 1980s, copper environmental level increased twofold. The release of copper from shellfish farmers' boats was also estimated to be > 250 kg Cu y(-1). Clams Tapes philippinarum were collected in the same area and seasonally exposed to a sublethal (10 microg Cu l(-1)) concentration of copper. Physiological traits were significantly affected by copper exposure (scope for growth declined as a result of reduced clearance rate, increased oxygen consumption and a generally lower absorption efficiency). The results of this study are cause for concern for shellfish farming activities at least in Northern Adriatic, where shellfish farming is a monoculture of T. philippinarum. A strict interpretation of the precautionary principle might suggest that more rigorous regulatory action to control copper inputs in the field would be justified. 相似文献
19.
镉(Cd)是水生生态环境中常见的重金属污染物,通常会抑制植物的生长,减少生物量,对植物产生毒害作用。为了研究羊栖菜幼苗对海水中Cd胁迫的抗氧化响应特性,我们在天然海水和Cd加富(100 μmol·L-1)海水两种不同的Cd浓度下培养羊栖菜幼体。实验结果表明:Cd加富胁迫显著抑制了羊栖菜幼苗生长,使藻体颜色变暗。此外,高Cd处理显著降低了羊栖菜中的色素含量,生长速率,过氧化物酶(POD)活性,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性。相反,高Cd处理显著促进了藻体内的Cd元素积累、对Cd2+吸收速率,并增加了其暗呼吸/净光合速率比值(Rd/Pn),抗坏血酸(Vc)含量,可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量,且还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及羊栖菜的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著增加,但对丙二醛(MDA)的影响不显著。虽然羊栖菜幼苗增加了其抗氧化活性并促进AsA-GSH循环,以产生H2O2并维持健康的新陈代谢,但高Cd胁迫显著限制了幼苗的光合作用,降低了其光合色素,抑制了其生长,并使其藻体颜色发生变化。海水中高浓度的Cd对羊栖菜幼苗具有毒性作用,并且极大地增加了这种海藻的食用风险。 相似文献
20.
Fullerene (nC60) and nanosilver (nAg) are nanomaterials with bactericide properties. The increments in their use raise questions about their potential environmental impacts, including estuarine ones. The polychaete Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) secretes mucus that is colonized by bacteria communities. We analyzed the antioxidant and oxidative damage responses of anterior, middle and posterior region of L. acuta and bacteria communities after nC60 or nAg exposure during 24 h. Molecular analysis showed a prevalence of Vibrio genera in the communities. Bacteria biomass was lowered in worms exposed to 1.0 mg/L of nAg. nC60 reduced total antioxidant capacity of bacteria from worms exposed to 0.1 mg/L. Worms anterior region presented lower antioxidant capacity after exposure to 1.0 mg nC60/L, and the same was observed in the posterior region of worms exposed to 1.0 mg nAg/L. Lipid peroxidation was reduced in the anterior region of worms exposed to nC60 and the opposite was observed in the posterior region. 相似文献