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为研究粉砂在不同冻融循环下的应力-应变关系特性,进行了粉砂土的不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,试验结果表明：在围压较低时,未冻融及经历较少次冻融循环的粉砂表现出一定的软化性,但软化程度较弱;而经历一定次数的冻融循环后,其逐渐由弱软化型转化成硬化型;在围压较高时,未冻融及冻融以后的粉砂都表现出应变硬化的特征,其应力-应变关系曲线为典型的双曲线。基于Konder双曲线模型,概述了土体应力-应变关系中常见的几种归一化因子及相应的归一化条件。提出了针对冻融循环下粉砂土的应力-应变关系的归一化因子,并给出了相应的归一化条件。基于新的归一化因子,建立了粉砂土在不同围压、不同冻融循环次数下的应力-应变特性的归一化方程,并对应力-应变曲线进行预测,其试验值与拟合值较为接近,预测效果较好。 相似文献
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The strength of frozen soils has been one of the most extensively studied aspects in frozen soil mechanics. When carrying
out deep excavations using freezing methods, high stress states are often encountered. Therefore, the strength of frozen soils
under high confining pressures is of major concern. This paper first reviews the present failure criteria for frozen soils,
especially with regard to the effect of confining pressure on the strength. It is suggested that the strength consists of
two components, cohesion and friction, and can be expressed by the Mohr–Coulomb criterion and in the framework of the Drucker–Prager
criterion. However, these two components are both dependent on the stress state. Duncan’s equation for the friction angle
is extended to frozen soils. A frozen Lanzhou fine sand is taken as study subject. The frozen sand is compressed at a high
strain rate under three different temperatures and under a wide range of confining pressure. Experimental results have confirmed
the generally recognized principle that the strength increases with the confining pressure up to certain value. Thereafter,
it decreases with continued increase in confining pressure. Experimental data from our own tests and literature are fitted
to the new criterion, which shows its validity. 相似文献
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颗粒破碎是粒状材料在高应力状态下的一种基本现象。为了研究冻结砂土中颗粒破碎对应力应变关系的影响,将冻结砂土视为复合颗粒材料,忽略冰的压融,考虑内摩擦角随应力状态的变化,构建一个适用于冻结砂土的考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型。构建过程分为三步,首先是基于三轴剪切前后颗粒分析对冻结砂土颗粒破碎模式和产生机理进行探讨;其次是基于考虑颗粒破碎的能量平衡方程,对冻土在三轴剪切试验过程中的颗粒破碎耗能进行分析,结果表明颗粒破碎耗能随轴向应变呈双曲线变化趋势;最后应用考虑颗粒破碎的剪胀方程修正沈珠江三参数非线性模型中的体积切线模量νt,得到一个考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型,模型参数可以通过单轴压缩试验和常规三轴试验确定。将原模型和修正后模型的计算结果与控制温度为-6℃,围压为1 MPa、4 MPa、6 MPa、8 MPa和10 MPa时冻结砂土的试验结果进行对比,结果表明该模型能够较好的模拟冻结砂土从低围压到高围压的应变软化特征与剪胀特征。 相似文献
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Awad A. Al-Karni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(7-8):1095-1101
The shear strength of cohesionless soil is reduced as the water pressure inside the pores of the soil mass increases. The mathematical relationship between the shear strength and the pore water pressure was derived using Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria as a function of the confining pressure and the effective angle of friction. Experimentally, a series of consolidated drained triaxial tests with back pore water pressure was run on samples of saturated uniform dense sand. The tests were conducted at different confining pressures in the range of 100–400 kPa with an increment of 100 kPa. At each level of confining pressure, the tests were repeated at different values of back pore water pressure in the range of 0–100 kPa with an increment of 25 kPa. For each test, the initial applied back pore water pressure was kept constant during the test for comparing the results at the same effective confining pressure. This study concludes that the mathematical relationship gives accurate results at any level of confining pressure and/or pore water pressure as a function of the effective angle of friction that can be evaluated using single consolidated drained triaxial test at zero back pore water pressure. 相似文献
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对加入1%纳米硅的黏性砂土进行温度-2℃、围压0.3~18 MPa的常规三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：掺入纳米硅的冻结黏性砂土强度明显提高,在σ3=3 MPa时强度提高甚至达到130%。将强度随围压的变化分成三个阶段：强化阶段,压融阶段,残余阶段。试验应力-应变曲线具有应变软化特性,修正的Duncan-Chang双曲线模型与其吻合良好。通过对修正的Duncan-Chang双曲线模型进行微分,分析得到初始切线模量随围压的变化可分成强化、压融和残余三个阶段。 相似文献
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An elastoplastic constitutive model for frozen saline coarse sandy soil undergoing particle breakage
The mechanical property of frozen saline sandy soil is complicated due to its complex components and sensitivity to salt content and confining pressure. Thus, a series of triaxial compression tests were carried out on sandy samples with different Na2SO4 contents under different confining pressures to explore the effects of particle breakage, pressure melting, shear dilation and strain softening or hardening. The test results indicate that the stress–strain curves exhibit strain softening/hardening phenomena when the confining pressures are below or above 6 MPa, respectively. A shear dilation phenomenon was observed in the loading process. With increasing confining pressure, the strength firstly increases and then decreases. By taking into consideration the changes between the grain size distributions before and after triaxial compression tests, a failure strength line incorporating the influences of both particle breakage and pressure melting is proposed. In order to describe the deformation characteristics of frozen saline sandy soil, an elastoplastic incremental constitutive model is established based on the test results. The proposed model considers the plastic compressive, plastic shear and breakage mechanisms by adopting the non-associated flow rule. The breakage mechanism can be reflected by an index related to the initial, current and ultimate grain size distributions. The hardening parameters corresponding to compressive and shear mechanisms consider the influence of particle breakage. Then the effect of particle breakage on both the stress–strain and volumetric strain curves is analyzed. The calculated results fit well with the test results, indicating that the developed constitutive model can well describe the mechanical and deformation features of frozen saline sandy soil under various stress levels and stress paths. In addition, the strain softening/hardening, contraction, high dilation and particle breakage can be well captured.
相似文献10.
冻土动力学参数研究的成果综述与展望 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对前人的试验成果进行整理, 得到冻土动力学参数随温度、频率、应变幅、含水量和围压等因素的整体变化规律. 整体上看, 冻土的动弹性模量和动剪切模量随温度的降低而增大、随荷载振动频率的增加而增大、随动应变幅的增加而减小、随含水量的增加先增大后减小、随围压的增加而增大; 冻土的泊松比随温度的降低而增大; 冻土的阻尼比随温度的降低而减小, 随频率、应变幅、含水量、围压的变化规律性不强. 通过对试验条件和数值模拟时的实际工况对比分析, 给出如下建议: 动弹性模量和动剪切模量的预估适合用两段式线性模型, -5℃可以作为两段式的分界点; 列车荷载作用下冻土的动力响应属于小应变幅的振动, 冻土动力学参数应选择波速法的试验结果. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲粉质土的动模量和阻尼比试验研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
结合室内共振柱和动三轴实验,对黄河三角洲饱和原状粉质土体(粉土、粉砂、粉质粘土)动模量和阻尼比的影响因素和发展规律进行了详细的研究。研究表明,在粉粒和粘粒含量对动模量的共同影响中,粉粒含量起着举足起重的作用;侧限压力对归一化剪模比和阻尼比的影响均较显著,相比粘粒含量的影响不大。通过与Seed建议的砂土及饱和粘土的G/Gmax~曲线和~曲线进行对比,结果显示研究区的粉质土相比一般的砂土和饱和粘土而言,其动力变形特性更接近于砂土,但是与砂土也存在着非常明显的差异;其发展规律与其他地区沉积粉质土也较为不同,具有明显的区域性。采用修正了的Hard in-D rnevich模型和对数模型分别对G/Gmax~曲线和~曲线进行拟合,给出了三类粉质土的归一化动力变形G/Gmax~/r关系曲线,对模型中有关参数的影响因素做了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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Appropriate evaluation of shear modulus and damping characteristics of soils subjected to dynamic loading is key to accurate
seismic response analysis and soil modeling programs. Dynamic centrifuge experiments were conducted at C-CORE (Memorial University
of Newfoundland) centrifuge center to investigate the dynamic properties and seismic response of soft clay and dry loose sand
strata. Soft clay with shear strength of about 30 kPa and well graded silica sand at about 35% relative density were employed
in a rigid container to simulate local site effects. Several earthquake-like shaking events were applied to the model to evaluate
variation of shear modulus and damping ratio with shear strain amplitude and confining pressure, and to assess their effects
on site response. The estimated modulus reduction and damping ratio were compared to the predictions of empirical formulae
and resonant column tests for both soft clay and loose sand. The evaluated shear modulus and damping ratio were found to be
dependent on confining pressure in both soil types. Modulus variation in both soils agreed well with the empirical curves
and resonant column test results. However, the sand modulus values were slightly higher than the empirical relations and resonant
column tests. This discrepancy is attributed to higher stress and densification of sand during large amplitude shaking applied
to the model. The damping ratio at shear strains lower than 0.5% was in reasonable agreement with the empirical curves and
the resonant column tests in both clay and sand models, but was generally higher at shear strain larger than 0.5%. 相似文献
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Effect of specimen shape on creep response of a frozen sand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The stress—strain and strength behavior of frozen soils is most often studied in a conventional uniaxial or triaxial compression test. However, available experimental evidence shows that the results obtained in such a test may be considerably affected by the test conditions, i.e., by the specimen shape and the method of axial load transfer to the specimen ends, both of which affect the uniformity of stress and strain distribution in the sample. The methods proposed for solving the problem of load transfer to the specimen ends differ considerably for brittle and ductile materials, respectively. Since a frozen soil may behave either as a brittle or as a ductile material, depending on strain rate, temperature and confining pressure, it is considered that the load transfer method selected should correspond to the expected sample behavior. In this paper, the results of a series of compression and creep tests are presented, in which the effects of specimen shape and end conditions on the behavior of a frozen sand were systematically investigated and compared. a frozen sand were systematically investigated and compared. 相似文献
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冻结砂土力学性质的离散元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于离散单元法颗粒流理论,土体颗粒单元间采用接触黏结模型中来考虑冻土中冰的胶结作用,建立了冻结砂土的颗粒流模型。通过改变计算模型中颗粒单元的参数,模拟了在不同冻结温度以及不同围压下冻结砂土的宏观力学性质,并与冻结砂土的室内试验结果进行了比较,结果表明：颗粒流方法可以较好地模拟冻结砂土的应力-应变关系以及剪切带的发展变化过程,颗粒流细观参数对温度具有显著的依赖性。研究结果对离散单元法在特殊土中的应用具有一定的理论和应用价值。 相似文献
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H. Eckardt 《Engineering Geology》1979,13(1-4):185-195
The stress—strain behaviour of frozen soils is often described by means of creep curves from uniaxial or triaxial creep tests. Ten or twelve tests of similar samples are required to obtain a good relationship between stress σ, strain ε, temperature T and time t or strain rate ε. To reduce the required number of samples it is possible to apply the compression load in creep tests stepwise. Therefore creep curves for different stress levels can be obtained from one sample.
In this paper the bearing capacity of cylindrical samples of frozen medium sand under constant uniaxial compression stress and under stepwise increased stresses is compared. It is shown how to use these different creep curves to describe the stress—strain behaviour of frozen soils. 相似文献
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Wiam Khebizi Sidali Denine Jean Canou Jean-Claude Dupla 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(1):30-40
Soil improvement using fibres is widely used in soil stabilisation to prevent sand liquefaction. In order to study the undrained behaviour and liquefaction resistance of sand reinforced with polypropylene fibres, a series of triaxial compressive tests were conducted on unreinforced and reinforced Chlef sand with different contents of polypropylene fibres (0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8%). Samples were prepared at 30% and 80% relative densities representing loose and dense states respectively, and triaxial tests were performed at confining pressures of 50, 100 and 200 kPa. Tests results show that fibre inclusion has a significant effect on the shear strength and dilation of sandy soil. The increase in strength is function of fibre content, relative density and confining pressure. The maximum strength improvement for both loose and dense fibre-reinforced sand is more pronounced at higher confining pressure and at higher fibre content. 相似文献
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对含盐冻结粉质砂土进行温度-2 ℃、-4 ℃、-6 ℃和围压0.3~16 MPa的三轴强度试验. 结果表明: 含盐冻结粉质砂土应力-应变曲线在低围压和高围压表现为应变软化特征, 中围压为理想塑性变形特性; 随着围压的增大, 强度先增加后减小. 在围压小范围内得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角, 并得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角随围压和温度的变化规律; 同时, 针对强度随围压的变化, 提出非线性强度准则. 相似文献
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模拟人工冻结凿井状态下冻土强度特性研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
通过模拟人工冻结凿井中冻土冻结、受力的实际过程,对已冻结试样进行不同温度、不同初始围压状态下的减载试验研究.结果表明:温度和土层深度是影响深部冻土破坏强度和破坏应变的主要因素,当温度不变时,破坏强度和破坏应变随初始围压呈线性关系变化.破坏强度受温度的影响取决于初始围压,在低初始围压状态下,冻土的破坏强度受温度变化影响不明显,但随着初始围压增大即土层深度加深,破坏强度受温度的影响也逐渐明显.破坏应变随温度的降低而逐渐减小,且呈双曲线形变化,但当温度低于 - 7℃时,在不同初始围压下其破坏应变基本不随温度的变化而变化 相似文献
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Frozen soil is generally regarded as a strongly rheological geomaterial. The strength attenuation of frozen soil is an important inducement for disease and instability in subgrade engineering, pile engineering and artificial freezing construction. Few efforts have been made to investigate the attenuation characteristics of strength envelope surface for frozen soil under complex stress states experimentally and theoretically. Considering this, at a temperature of -6 ℃, a series of triaxial stress relaxation tests under various confining pressures were carried out on the frozen subgrade soil specimens at strength points. The degeneration of strength parameters and stress attenuation process of frozen soil under complex stress states were systematically studied. The degradation law and mechanism of cohesion and internal friction angle are synchronously revealed in the stress relaxation process. Testing results indicate that the stress relaxation process of compacted frozen soil is significantly influenced by confining pressure. The stress relaxation ratio is increasing linearly with the rise of confining pressure if the confining pressure is beyond 1. 5 MPa. The anti-relaxation ability of frozen soil is greatly reduced during high confining pressure conditions:the stress relaxation ratio of frozen soil is only 41. 94% under 1. 5 MPa, but exceeds 90. 30% under 16 MPa. The strength of frozen soil attenuates linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. When the confining pressure is higher than 1. 5 MPa, the strength attenuation rate of frozen soil increases with the rise of confining pressure. As the development of stress relaxation of frozen soil, cohesion decreases linearly but internal friction angle increases linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. It manifested that the cementation in frozen soil shows evident rheological features and it is a key inducement for strength attenuation. Moreover, the attenuation law and value of cohesion in frozen soil which is measured by triaxial stress relaxation test are similar to the spherical template indenter test results. This may provide a new test method for obtaining the long-term strength and cohesion of frozen soil. On the basis of test results, the stress states of frozen soil in all stress relaxation curves at 12 relaxation durations were captured, and the rate-dependent variation characteristics of strength envelope in p-q stress space were analyzed in detail. Under high confining pressures, the strength envelope of frozen soil shows different geometric features as time goes on. In addition to the decline of level, the strength surface exhibits clockwise rotation with time, and the third stage sharply decreases at first and then becomes flat. Based on the analysis of characteristics of experimental strength surface and evolution law of strength parameters during the stress relaxation process, a rate-dependent strength theory for frozen soil considering the stress relaxation effect is established in this paper. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved. 相似文献
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高围压下冻土强度弱化的机理分析 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
围压作用下,影响冻结砂土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融,矿物颗粒细化的微裂隙的发育。影响冻结粉质粘土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融和微裂隙的发育,这些过程是不独立存在的,而是共同影响,共同作用,从而导致了冻土强度的弱化。 相似文献