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1.
高放废物地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的重要作用之一是传导和散失高放废物衰变热,在膨润土中添加石英砂、石墨、花岗岩岩屑等导热性能较好的添加剂是提高缓冲/回填材料导热性能的主要方法。选用北山花岗岩岩屑为添加剂,与高庙子钠基膨润土GMZ01组成混合材料,制备不同含水率、不同密度的试样。使用Hot Disk TPS2500s热常数分析仪测定样品的导热系数,分析其与花岗岩岩屑含量、干密度、饱和度等参数的关系,并运用多种混合物热传导模型分析预测导热系数。研究结果表明,花岗岩岩屑能够有效提高缓冲/回填材料的导热性能,混合材料的导热系数分别与其饱和度、气体体积存在线性关系;Maxwell方程能够较好预测北山花岗岩岩屑-膨润土混合材料的导热系数。 相似文献
2.
高温作用会导致岩石内部结构发生变化,并对其热物理性质有着显著影响。因此,研究高温作用后岩石热物理性质的变化规律对地热系统及存在热流传播问题的地下工程具有指导意义。试验利用高温炉和Hot Disk热常数分析仪研究了高温作用后砂岩热物理性质的变化特征。研究表明:砂岩的热导率、比热、热扩散率随温度整体呈下降趋势,可分为25℃~100℃,100℃~400℃,400℃~600℃,600℃~900℃四个阶段;25℃~100℃,砂岩热导率、比热、热扩散率因附着水蒸发急剧减小;100℃~400℃,砂岩热导率、热扩散率变化平缓,比热因含水量的降低减小得较快;400℃~600℃,砂岩中结晶水、结构水的蒸发及石英的相变导致微裂隙发育、延伸,进而引起热导率、比热、热扩散率持续下降;600℃~900℃,砂岩中矿物发生分解、熔融破裂,热破裂进一步增加与扩展,这个阶段内热导率、比热迅速下降,但热扩散率基本稳定。 相似文献
3.
Weqiang Zhang Qiang Sun Yuliang Zhang Lei Xue Fanfan Kong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):350
The evolution of porosity and changes in wave velocity in granite after high-temperature treatment has been experimentally investigated in different studies. Statistical analysis of the test results shows that there is a temperature threshold value that leads to variations in porosity and wave velocity. At a temperature that is less than 200 °C, the porosity of granite slowly increases with increases in temperature, while the wave velocity decreases. When the temperature is greater than 200 °C (especially between 400 and 600 °C), the porosity quickly increases, while the wave velocity substantially decreases. The temperature ranges of room temperature to 200 and 200–400 °C correspond to the undamaged state and the micro-damage state, respectively. The results confirm that there is an important link between the variations of physical and mechanical properties in response to thermal treatment. By studying the relationships among rock porosity, wave velocity and temperature, this provides the basis for solving multi-variable coupling problems under high temperatures for the thermal exploitation of petroleum and safe disposal of nuclear waste. 相似文献
4.
Ground-source geothermal systems are drawing increasing attention and popularity due to their efficiency, sustainability and being implementable worldwide. Consequently, design software and regulatory guidelines have been developed. Interaction with the subsurface significantly affects the thermal performance, sustainability, and impacts of such systems. Reviewing the related guidelines and the design software, room for improvement is evident, especially in regards to interaction with groundwater movement. In order to accurately evaluate the thermal effect of system and hydrogeological properties on a borehole heat exchanger, a fully discretized finite-element model is used. Sensitivity of the loop outlet temperatures and heat exchange rates to hydrogeological, system and meteorological factors (i.e. groundwater flux, thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of solids, porosity, thermal dispersivity, grout thermal conductivity, background and inlet temperatures) are analyzed over 6-month and 25-year operation periods. Furthermore, thermal recovery during 25 years after system decommissioning has been modeled. The thermal plume development, transport and dissipation are also assessed. This study shows the importance of subsurface thermal conductivity, groundwater flow (flux > 10?7 m/s), and background and inlet temperature on system performance and impact. It also shows the importance of groundwater flow (flux > 10?8 m/s) on thermal recovery of the ground over other factors. 相似文献
5.
高放废物处置库中乏燃料持续释放的热量对围岩的应力场和渗流场及其长期稳定性具有重要影响。围岩的热学参数依赖于岩石矿物组成、孔隙率和孔隙流体等因素,准确取值是进行高放废物地质处置库多场耦合分析的前提。通过细观力学分析,建立了围岩等效热学参数（热容、热传导系数、热膨胀系数）取值方法,并基于Biot孔隙介质理论,建立应力?温度?渗流三场耦合模型,进而提出了高放废物处置库围岩应力?渗流?温度耦合数值模拟方法。最后通过COMSOL Multiphysics多场耦合软件,利用瑞士Mont Terri高放废物地下试验室围岩温度?渗流?应力多场耦合现场试验数据对数值模拟方法进行验证,并探讨了温度?渗流?应力耦合过程的演化规律。研究表明,模拟结果和试验值吻合良好。研究结果可为我国高放废物处置库的安全评估和选址提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Darius Mottaghy Hans-Dieter Vosteen Rüdiger Schellschmidt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(2):435-442
Thermal diffusivity governs the transient heat transport equation. Thus, a realistic characterisation of this parameter and
its temperature dependence is crucial for geothermal modelling. Due to sparse information from boreholes, lack of samples,
and elaborate measurement procedures, there is often insufficient data on thermal diffusivity at elevated temperatures. We
make use of existing data on crystalline (metamorphic and magmatic) rock samples from the Kola Peninsula and the Eastern Alps
and develop a general relationship for the temperature dependence of thermal diffusivity up to 300°C. The temperature dependence
of thermal conductivity is parameterised itself, using an empirical relationship which is set up for both data sets as well.
Hence, only thermal conductivity at ambient temperatures is required for determining the temperature dependence of thermal
diffusivity. We obtain different coefficients for both data sets which can be explained by different geological settings,
and therefore different mineral compositions and internal structures. Comparisons with other expressions for these rock physical
parameters show a good agreement at ambient conditions. General relations for thermal diffusivity at elevated temperatures
are rare. A comparison of our results with data from two crystalline samples from the KTB and data from the Southern Indian
Granulite Province highlights the need for further data, which will help to quantify uncertainties. 相似文献
7.
Measured groundwater temperatures in the surficial zone are dependent on the properties of porous media and vertical flow velocity. Sensitivity analyses, collinear diagnostics and an inverse numerical solution to the one-dimensional heat-transport equation are used to determine which parameters can be estimated from temperature measurements in the surficial zone. This is done for heat transport in the saturated zone considering a constant vertical flow velocity. The use of temperature profiles, temperature time-series and temperature envelopes are considered. There is an important difference between a conduction and a convection dominated system. Sensitivity analysis shows that temperature measurements are sensitive to effective thermal conductivity and heat capacity and are insensitive to effective porosity and thermal dispersivity. In a conduction dominated system, temperature is also insensitive for vertical velocity. Collinear diagnostics show that in a conduction dominated system, only the combination of heat capacity and effective thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusivity, can be derived. In a convection dominated system, both the vertical velocity and the effective thermal conductivity can, theoretically, be derived. 相似文献
8.
Supattra Khamrat Prachya Tepnarong Kiattisak Artkhonghan Kittitep Fuenkajorn 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):49-62
Consolidation tests have been performed to determine the mechanical properties of crushed salt as affected by applied stresses and consolidation period. The crushed salt with particle sizes ranging from 0.075 to 4.76 mm mixed with 5% saturated brine are consolidated under axial stresses ranging from 2.5 to 10 MPa. The consolidation curves show instantaneous and transient strains. The densities, uniaxial compressive strengths and elastic moduli measured after consolidation for 3–180 days increase with applied stresses and time. The crushed salt properties are determined as a function of mean strain energy required during consolidation. The relations are used to predict the crushed salt properties installed in exploratory boreholes under various external pressures. Two main mechanisms strengthen and stiffen the crushed salt mass: (1) consolidation by volumetric change due to particle rearrangement and cracking, and (2) recrystallization and healing processes. The borehole depth and installation time are significant factors controlling the long-term density, strength and stiffness of the crushed salt seal. 相似文献
9.
Mechanistic model development and numerical analyses were carried out on coupled thermo-hydraulic-mechanical processes in bentonite-based buffer material for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste with small-scale laboratory experiments and a full-scale test. The mechanism of water movement in compacted bentonite was identified by applying theoretical equations to the experimental results. The application clearly explained the observed results of the temperature dependence of the hydraulic conductivity in the saturated state and the water diffusivity in the unsaturated state for the compacted bentonite and the dry density dependence of the diffusivity. The full-scale coupled test, BIG-BEN, was conducted at PNC (Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation) Tokai Works. The results of the numerical analyses for the full-scale test which are based on the present knowledge of coupled processes and our small-scale experiments were in good agreement with the measured results except for mechanical phenomena. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
11.
热性质是岩土体基本的物理性质之一,用以评价热量在其中的保持、传导和分布状况,以导热系数、比热容和热扩散系数最为常见,这些参数也是地热能管理与开发、工程冷冻开挖、寒区工程设计与施工的重要参数。已有研究表明,土壤热参数与土质、来源、含水率、密度等因素有关。通过广东湛江某工地粉质黏土和黏土的热参数测试结果分析发现：随含水率的增大,粉质黏土导热系数和热扩散系数的变化趋势是先增加至最大值,然后减小,而比热容基本呈线性增大。干密度对粉质黏土导热系数的影响与含水率大小有关,当含水率不超过20.0%时,其随干密度的增加而增大,而当含水率超过27.5%后,其随干密度的增加有减小趋势;当含水率在24.5%（液限）左右时,基本没有规律可循。干密度对粉质黏土热扩散系数影响规律不明显。黏土的导热系数和比热容都随含水率和干密度的增加而增大;热扩散系数随含水率的升高整体表现为非线性增加至稳定,在低含水率下干密度的影响不明显,在较高含水率下随干密度的增加热扩散系数先增大后减小。较大颗粒的存在导致粉质黏土的导热性较黏土复杂。 相似文献
12.
Heat transport in serpentinites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The thermal transport properties thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were examined for a variety of serpentinites as a function of temperature at ambient pressure. The thermal transport properties of serpentinites show an extraordinary behavior. Besides the common 1/T decrease in thermal transport properties with increasing temperature, which can be related to an increase in phonon–phonon interactions with increasing temperature, an oscillation of thermal conductivity is observed with maxima around 450 and 850 K. This oscillation is linkable to water release of surficially bounded water and water in pores (450 K) and the dehydration of serpentinite (850 K). The oscillations are explained by advective heat transfer during dehydration, reaching up to 30% of the overall heat transport. The dehydration of serpentinites was examined by XRD and Thermo-Gravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimeters (TG/DSC) investigations, indicating that the dehydration reaction is kinetically hindered and the crystallization of the product phases are observed at ≈1060 K, more than 200 K above the equilibrium of dehydration reactions. The conductive heat transfer by phonons shows a minor temperature variation and dominates thermal diffusivity. Ultrasonic sound velocities as a function of temperature [J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 3051] were used to derive the mean free path length of phonons, which decreases from 0.28 to 0.2 nm at high temperatures. This is in the same order of magnitude as the interatomic distance of O–O, Al–O and Si–O restricting the minimum distance for phononic movement. A high anisotropy in thermal transport properties of single crystallites is concluded from its structure and elastic behaviour. However, the examined samples are macroscopically isotropic. The pressure and temperature dependence of conductive heat transport of an average serpentinite is given by λ=(1/(A+BT))(1+βP) W/m K, with A=0.3638 m K/W, B=0.000244 m/W and β=0.148 GPa−1. 相似文献
13.
Investigating soil thermodynamic parameters of the active layer on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Ren Li Lin Zhao Tonghua Wu Yongjian Ding Yao Xiao Yongliang Jiao Yanhui Qin Yufei Xin Erji Du Guangyue Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):709-722
The soil thermodynamic parameters, including thermal conductivity, diffusivity and volumetric capacity within the active layer on the northern Tibetan Plateau, were calculated using the measured data of soil temperature gradient, heat flux, and moisture at four stations from October 2003 to September 2004. The results showed that the soil thermodynamic parameters exhibited clear seasonal fluctuation. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity in summer and autumn at Beiluhe, Kexinling, and Tongtianhe were larger than those in winter. The volumetric thermal capacity causes an opposite change; it was larger in autumn and winter than in summer. In spring, the soil thermal conductivity at the Kekexili station was larger than that in summer. Generally, fine-grained soils and lower saturation degrees in the topsoil might be a reason for the lower soil thermal conductivity in winter. For a given soil, soil moisture was the main factor influencing the thermodynamic parameters. The unfrozen water content that existed in frozen soils greatly affected the soil thermal conductivity, whose contribution rate was estimated to be 55 %. The thermodynamic parameters of frozen soils could be expressed as a function of soil temperature, volumetric ice content and soil salinity, while for the unfrozen ground the soil moisture content is the dominant factor for those thermal parameters. As for the soil thermal diffusivity, there exists a critical value of soil moisture content. When the soil moisture content becomes less than a critical value, the soil thermal diffusivity increases as the soil moisture content rises. 相似文献
14.
近年来,随着全球能源消耗的增加,对新能源的开发和利用日益重要。地热资源作为一种清洁环保的新能源已经开始引起广泛的关注,对岩土材料的热性质研究也逐渐受到国内外学者的重视。土的热性质包括热传导系数、热扩散系数和比热容。其中,热传导系数作为其中最重要的性质,它不仅决定了热量在土体中的传播速度和土体温度场的分布,同时也是各种地热泵、能量桩等建筑热工结构设计中需要考虑的主要参数之一。首先介绍了土热传导系数的工程背景和研究意义,描述了土中的热量传播方式和类型,阐述了热传导系数的概念,并分析了土热传导系数的各种影响因素（含水率、密度、矿物成分、温度等）。在此基础上,总结了目前国内外土热传导系数模型的研究现状,并对各个模型的优缺点进行了简要的分析和评价。最后,提出了对土传导系数及模型研究的建议和展望。 相似文献
15.
Aref Lashin 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):2807-2828
The Gulf of Suez is characterized by the presence of many hot springs and deep thermal wells scattered around its coastal areas. So it is considered one of the promised geothermal areas in Egypt. In this study, the main emphasis is to investigate the geothermal potential around the Gulf of Suez using the available logging and geothermometer datasets. The temperature profiles and well logging data of some hot springs and deep wells around or within the coastal area of the Gulf of Suez are used in this study. The temperature profiles are analyzed and some important thermophysical properties are estimated (geothermal gradient, thermal conductivity, heat flow, and specific heat capacity). Such analysis revealed that a medium to high geothermal gradient (22.0–30°C/Km) is given for the Gulf of Suez as a whole, with some spots of much higher gradient in the order of 35.0–44°C/Km (Ras Fanar and Hammam Faraun areas). The compiled thermal plots show that the thick evaporites and rock salt lithology, which is a major constituent in this area, attain the highest thermal conductivity (>3.10 W/m/K) and heat flow (>90 mW/m2) and the lowest specific heat capacity (<0.30 J/kg/K). The available gamma ray and the natural gamma ray spectroscopy logs are used to conduct a radioactive-based heat generation study using the characteristic radioactive nature of some elements like; 238U, 235U, 232Th, and of the isotope of 40K. A good linearity is observed between the heat production (A in microwatt per cubic meter) and the gamma ray (API) along a wide range of datasets (0–150 API) in all wells. The heat production factor increases in the carbonate lithology (up to 3.20?μW/m3) and is proportional to the shale volume. A geothermometer-based study is used to estimate the subsurface formation temperature and heat flow from the geochemical analysis of some water samples collected from the studied hot springs. The estimated thermal parameters are in harmony with the regional thermal regime concluded form logging data. A thermal basin growth study, in relation to the clay diagenesis is conducted concerning the thermal effects that take place with depth giving rise to another clay mineral (illite). Furthermore, a number of 2D thermal–burial history diagrams are constructed for the complied sections of some of the studied areas to show the vertical distribution of the estimated petrothermal properties. A reserve evaluation study is carried out to estimate the economic geothermal capacity of these hot springs to be used as alternative clean source for possible energy production (electricity) and other low-temperature purposes. 相似文献
16.
The thermal conductivity of a geological formation is one of the important petrophysical parameters which are preferable to study in situ in geophysical well logs. A new technique for the determination of formation thermal conductivity has been developed. We assumed that formation dry density, porosity, and pore fluids saturations could be determined from core samples or cuttings. In this case the specific heat and density of a formation can be quantitatively estimated. It is also assumed that the instantaneous heat flow rate and time data are available for a cylindrical probe with a variable heat flow rate placed in a wellbore. A semi-theoretical equation describing the temperature of the probe’s wall is used to determine in situ the formation conductivity as a function of the temperature increase. The formation thermal diffusivity is also calculated. A field example is presented. 相似文献
17.
多孔材料等效导热系数与分形维数关系的数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用有限元方法模拟了多孔材料的导热系数与孔隙率和分形维数之间的非线性关系。有限元模型中的固体骨架和孔隙根据孔隙率的大小随机生成,模型中的材料参数和单元属性用ANSYS中的APDL参数化语言赋值。根据有限元随机模拟断面的热流密度分布和稳态热传导傅立叶定律,计算在不同孔隙率条件下的等效导热系数。研究表明,多孔材料模型等效导热系数随着孔隙的增加而线性减小。在孔隙率为常数的条件下,模型等效导热系数随着模型比例因子的增加而呈指数增加。等效导热系数随着孔隙分形维数的增加而减小,随着固体颗粒分形维数的增加而增加。 相似文献
18.
Reliable estimates of soil thermal properties such as heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity are important in analysis of heat transmission through soils in applications such as shallow geothermal applications, buried electrical conduits, and in general heat/fluid flow analyses. A number of analytical, numerical and experimental methods are available to determine the soil thermal properties. In this paper, the analytical and numerical methods developed on the basis of one-dimensional heat conduction equation are used to estimate the apparent thermal diffusivity of soil. Three of the four analytical methods, Amplitude, Phase, and Arctangent provide explicit equations for the apparent thermal diffusivity. Two methods, Harmonic and Numerical, make use of large number of temperature measurements to implicitly solve for the apparent thermal diffusivity. The temperature time series data monitored at different depths in two field sites in Melbourne, Australia for more than 2 year period were used to estimate the apparent thermal diffusivity of soil down to 2 m depth. The apparent thermal diffusivity was calculated using all five methods and compared with laboratory experimental results. The effectiveness of each method in predicting the thermal diffusivity was compared and observed discrepancies were discussed. Finally, the observed soil temperature data for a 12 month period are used to model the temperature variation in the ground analytically using Harmonic method and the model prediction for the following 12 month was compared independently with the field measurements. The analytical model prediction is found to be in good agreement with the field monitored data. 相似文献
19.
John I. Pitman 《Engineering Geology》1984,20(3):207-218
The thermal diffusivity of Upper Chalk from the Micraster coranguinum zone had been calculated from 8 year temperature data obtained from depths between 30 cm and 21.34 m at Harestock, near Winchester, Hampshire.Amplitudes and phase lags were calculated from these data using Fourier analysis.Values of thermal diffusivity were calculated from the variation of amplitude with depth and phase lag with depth for the first harmonic using the Fourier heat flow equation.Agreement between the two methods was very good between 30 cm and 914 cm depth. An overall mean value is 0.004489 ± 0.00052cm?2s?1.Using appropriate values of porosity (47%) and density the mean thermal conductivity is 1.519W m?1°C?1± 0.326, for the water saturated state. 相似文献
20.
Ibrahima Hane Tikou Belem Mostafa Benzaazoua Abdelkabir Maqsoud 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):645-662
This paper aims at investigating some physical and mechanical characteristics of cemented tailings paste incorporating different amounts of crushed waste rocks (hereinafter called paste aggregate fill, PAF) for underground stope filling. Different mixture formulations were prepared with three classes of crushed waste rocks (or aggregate) grain size, namely 0/10, 0/15 and 0/20 mm. The amount of crushed waste rocks in the PAF mixtures ranges from 10 to 50% by volume (% v/v) (or 8–45% by mass, %m) of dry mill tailings and crushed waste rocks. The results show that the addition of crushed waste rocks in cemented tailings paste mixtures allows a significant unconfined compressive strength (UCS) development after 28 and 90 days of curing. The highest UCS was obtained from the mixtures containing 50% v/v of crushed waste rocks of class of size 0/15 mm. The PAF mixtures with the coarser crushed waste rocks (class of size of 0/20 mm) exhibit some particles segregation. 相似文献