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1.
美国南加州洛杉矶地区是自然和人为活动引起的地质构造活跃、石油及地下水抽取和回灌频繁的区域.本文利用19景ENVISAT ASAR降轨影像生成了71幅垂直基线小于300 m、时间间隔小于3年的解缠差分干涉图,并基于短基线集技术(SBAS),GPS和地下水水位数据估计了该区域2003年9月~2009年8月的地表时序形变及含水层贮水系数等物理参数.研究结果表明:(1)在InSAR干涉图中可以清楚的识别多处沉降明显的区域.例如,主要由于含水层地下水的抽取与回灌引起地表沉降的Pasadena盆地(~-2.5 cm/a)、San Gabriel流域(~-2 cm/a)、San Bernardino盆地(~-2.5 cm/a)、Pomona-Ontario盆地(~-4 cm/a)和Santa Ana盆地(~-2.5 cm/a),以及由石油抽取引起地面形变的Santa Fe Springs区域(~-1 cm/a)和Wilmington区域(~-1 cm/a)等;(2)InSAR时间序列形变与GPS投影在雷达视线方向上的形变结果具有较高的一致性,平均形变速率差异的均方差为0.39 cm/a;(3)InSAR时间序列形变与含水层地下水位的变化基本一致,并基于相关理论计算出了含水层的弹性贮水系数和非弹性贮水系数,分析了含水层的形变机理. 相似文献
2.
The Hetao depression zone, located to the north of Ordos block, is a complex depression basin that consists of two sub-uplifts and three sub-depressions. The depression zone is subject to the regional extensional stress field driven by the Indo-Asian continental collision and the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. The Baotou uplift that separates the Baiyanhua sub-depression and Huhe sub-depression is mainly composed of Archean gneiss and is overlaid by Quaternary sedimentary strata. The two sub-depressions are bordered by the Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains to the north, respectively. The bedrock exhumed in Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains consists mostly of Precambrian granitic gneiss, and the piedmont depressions are infilled by thick Cenozoic strata. The Wulashan piedmont fault and Daqingshan piedmont fault extend along the range front of Wula Mountains and Daqing Mountains, respectively. The subsidence is controlled by the two boundary faults. Previous studies have preliminarily documented the characteristics of the northwest boundary fault of Baotou uplift. Combining shallow seismic exploration, active fault mapping, and geological drilling, this paper presents a detailed study on the tectonic characteristics of the Baotou uplift.
The shallow seismic exploration reveals that the Baotou uplift is an asymmetrical wedge with a steep southeast wing and a gentle dipping northwest wing. The Baotou uplift is wider in the northeastern part and narrows down towards the southwest. In seismic profiles, the Baiyanhua sub-depression and the Huhe sub-depression manifest as asymmetric dustpan-like depressions with south-dipping controlling faults. Baotou uplift is bounded by the Xishawan-Xingsheng Fault to the northwest and Daqingshan piedmont fault to the southeast. The two faults exhibit significant difference in many aspects, such as fault geometry, fault displacement, the latest active time, and so on. The southeast boundary fault of Baotou uplift is the Baotou section of the Daqingshan piedmont fault which is a Holocene active fault and the major boundary fault of Huhe sub-depression. East of Wanshuiquan, the fault strikes EW-NEE; west of Wanshuiquan, the strike changes to NW. The Daqingshan piedmont fault appears as a south-dipping listric fault in seismic profiles whose dip decreases with depth and cuts through all the sedimentary strata in Huhe sub-depression; the fault extends along the late Pleistocene lacustrine platform at surface with prominent geomorphological evidences. The Xishawan-Xingsheng Fault is a buried high-angle normal fault that mainly dips to the northwest and strikes NE. The fault strike changes to NNE at the eastern tip. Based on the results of seismic exploration and geological drilling, the Xishawan-Xingsheng buried fault is an early to middle Pleistocene Fault capped by late Pleistocene lacustrine strata. We reckon that the Xishawan-Xingsheng Fault is one of the synthetic faults that dip towards the main boundary fault of Baiyanhua sub-depression.
Similarities in lithology, geometry, and structural characteristics of south boundary faults all indicate that Baotou uplift is the western extension of Daqing Mountains. Multiple factors may contribute to the formation of Baotou uplift, such as tectonic subsidence and the development of large-scale river system and mega-lake. We suggest that the upwelling of asthenosphere may play a primary role in the evolution of Wulanshan piedmont fault and Daqingshan piedmont fault. Separated by the Baotou uplift, the Wulashan piedmont fault and Daqingshan piedmont fault can be regarded as independent seismogenic faults. The Hetao depression zone is featured by complex inner structures, and many scientific issues are subject to further researches. Thus, more attention should be paid to the secondary structures within the depression zone for a better understanding on the formation and evolution of Hetao depression zone. 相似文献
3.
Chen Zhengle Zhang Yueqiao Chen Xuanhua Wang Xiaofeng Ramon A. S. Zack W. B. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2001,44(1):103-111
The ENE-striking Altyn Tagh fault (ATF), extending along the northern edge of the Ti-betan Plateau, is one of the major important strike-slip faults, and has been known as one of the key areas to debate the eastward extrusion and crustral shortening models of the Tibetan Plateau during and after India-Asia collision. This paper mainly presents new evidence of Late Cenozoic sedimentary process to reconstruct the slip history of the ATF during the Late Cenozoic. Field measurements and laboratory analyses of the sedimentary characteristics in the Late Cenozoic basins in the central Altyn Tagh fault suggest that Late Cenozoic sedimentary sequence should be divided into three units according to facies changes. The paleo-topography reconstruction shows that the sedimentarion in these basins was tightly related with the fault, indicating that the ATF has experienced at least three stages of strike slipping in the Late Cenozoic. New geological data from the Late Cenozoic sedimentary basins and the formation of the present Suo’erkuli basin provide evidence for the displacement of the fault. The result shows that the 80–100 km left-lateral strike-slip displacement of the fault has been accumulated in the Late Cenozoic.
相似文献4.
现今地壳变形数据显示横跨龙门山断裂带的地壳缩短速率低于3 mm·a-1,如此小的地壳缩短速率与龙门山断裂带附近的长期地质造山（平均高程约4.5 km）形成强烈对比.我们构建并使用了一个二维平面应变黏弹塑性有限元模型来模拟龙门山断裂带的地震循环位移变化,从而探讨了短期变形与长期变形之间的关系.模型模拟了地震循环的各个阶段（震间加载期、同震瞬间和震后黏性松弛调整期）以及多个地震循环（万年尺度）的地表变形,揭示了变形在地震循环中是如何累积、释放、调整以及最终形成永久变形导致了造山.模拟结果显示,岩石圈流变结构以及断层几何形态均对地震循环的地表位移变化有着显著的影响.经过多个地震循环,青藏高原东缘整体产生水平缩短与增厚抬升,而四川盆地基本保持稳定,区域的水平缩短主要由断层位错及青藏东缘的缩短抬升来调解,造成了青藏东部与川西盆地的差异抬升.研究结果将地震循环时间尺度的短期变形与长期地质造山联系起来,帮助我们理解青藏高原东部的隆升机制. 相似文献
5.
银川盆地是华北克拉通西部构造活动较为强烈的一个新生代断陷盆地.为了研究银川盆地的地壳浅部结构和活动断裂特征,我们利用2014年在银川盆地完成的深地震反射剖面数据,采用初至波层析成像方法得到了银川盆地高精度的基底P波速度结构和构造形态;考虑到仅根据速度结构剖面还难以确定断裂的准确位置、断层上断点埋深、断层的近地表构造组合样式等特征,研究中还采用浅层地震反射波勘探方法对银川盆地内的隐伏断裂和1739年平罗8.0级地震的地表破裂带浅部结构进行了高分辨率成像.研究结果表明:银川盆地与两侧地块的浅层P波速度结构和沉积盖层厚度差异较大,银川盆地总体呈现出明显的低速结构特征,盆地基底面起伏变化较大,基底最深处位于芦花台断裂和银川断裂之间的银川市下方,其深度约为7000~7200 m;贺兰山隆起区显示为明显的高速特征,地表出露中-古生代基岩地层,缺失新生代地层;鄂尔多斯地块西缘的浅层P波速度明显高于银川盆地,基底埋深相对较浅,推测其新生界地层厚度小于2500 m.浅层地震反射剖面揭示的地层反射界面形态和断裂的浅部构造特征非常清楚,黄河断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂、银川断裂和芦花台断裂不仅是错断盆地基底的断裂,而且还是第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂,这些断裂的交替活动形成了"堑中堑"的盆地结构,并对银川盆地的形成、盆地内的新生代地层厚度和第四纪沉降中心具有重要的控制作用;在近地表这些断裂表现为由2~3条断层组成的"Y字形"断裂构造,且主断裂的最新活动可追踪至晚更新世末期或全新世,是构造继承性活动的结果.本文的研究结果不仅可为进一步分析银川盆地的基底结构、隐伏断裂特征和活动构造研究等提供新的地震学证据,而且还可为该区城市规划中避让活动断层提供科学依据. 相似文献
6.
根据龙门山断裂带中段及邻区的主要构造特征,同时考虑地壳速度结构和构造运动的深浅部差异,建立该地区的二维接触有限元模型,数值模拟了长期构造过程中断裂带位移和应力的时间演化过程。结果显示:①汶川—茂县断裂、映秀—北川断裂、灌县—安县断裂的逆冲速率与实际观测结果基本一致,映秀—北川断裂逆冲性质最强,巴颜喀拉块体和断裂带区域呈水平缩短与增厚抬升趋势,四川盆地保持相对稳定;②断裂带附近岩体大小主应力比随深度增加而减小,总体上与实际测试结果相符,且主应力轴方向和倾角与利用震源机制解反演得到的构造应力场特征亦较为接近;③龙门山断裂带中段区域构造应力场呈低态稳定—应力累积—临界稳定的阶段式演化过程,与该区所处的应力累积—地震发生—应力再累积的地震活动特征相呼应。此外,仅根据地表调查和震前GPS观测所揭示的断裂活动速率评价活动断裂区的地震危险程度具有一定局限性,需结合其深部动力学过程和区域应力状态进行综合分析。 相似文献
7.
8.
2008汶川地震之后,多个研究组对龙门山的新生代剥蚀历史进行了研究,但是在龙门山推覆构造带中段,剥蚀历史研究主要集中在彭灌杂岩,而彭灌杂岩东侧(即中央断裂下盘)的热年代学资料相对缺乏,其剥蚀历史还比较模糊.对于彭灌杂岩东侧岩体的新生代剥蚀历史研究,不仅可以了解龙门山推覆构造带的新生代断层活动历史,而且对于青藏高原东缘的新生代隆升机制具有重要约束作用.在前人热年代学研究基础上,在龙门山推覆构造带中段中央断裂和前山断裂附近补充了一些裂变径迹样品.采用外探测器法(external detector method)对样品进行裂变径迹分析,实验测试在台湾中正大学裂变径迹实验室完成.实验获得了6个锆石裂变径迹和6个磷灰石裂变径迹年龄.前山断裂上盘,AFT(磷灰石裂变径迹)年龄以小鱼洞断裂为界存在明显的差异,其中小鱼洞断裂以南的样品AFT年龄为39Ma,小鱼洞断裂以北的4个AFT年龄介于6—8 Ma之间.研究揭示出中央断裂和前山断裂的新生代活动性以NW向小鱼洞断裂为界存在较大差异:距今8Ma以来,小鱼洞断裂以北,中央断裂和前山断裂的平均垂向滑动速率分别为约0.1mm·a-1和约0.55mm·a-1;小鱼洞断裂以南,平均垂向滑动速率则分别为约0.55mm·a-1和约0.1mm·a-1.低温热年代学方法获得的断层新生代垂向滑动速率与汶川地震断层垂向同震位移分布基本一致.前山断裂(小鱼洞断裂以北)距今8 Ma以来北西-南东向水平缩短量达到8~12km,表明地壳缩短是造成龙门山抬升和剥蚀的重要因素之一.本研究结论不支持下地壳增厚模型对于龙门山隆升的解释. 相似文献
9.
R.E. Chvez E.L. Flores J.O. Campos M. Ladrn de Guevara M.C. Fernndez‐Puga J. Herrera 《Geophysical Prospecting》2000,48(5):835-870
A comprehensive reinterpretation of the available gravity, magnetic, geothermal, geological and borehole information has been made of the Laguna Salada Basin to establish a 3D model of the basement and sedimentary infill. According to statistical spectral analysis, the residual gravity anomaly is due to sources with a mean regional depth of 2.8 km. The topography of the basement was obtained from a three‐dimensional inversion carried out in the wavenumber domain using an iterative scheme. The maximum density contrast of ?300 kg/m3 estimated from previous studies and the mean depth of 2.5 km finally constrained this inversion. The resulting model indicated that the sedimentary infill is up to 4.2 km thick at its deepest point. According to the gravity‐derived basement topography, the basin presents an asymmetry (i.e. it is of the half‐graben type). It is deeper to the east, where it is delimited from the Sierra Cucapah by a step fault. By contrast, the limit with the Sierra de Juarez is a gently sloping fault (i.e. a listric fault). The basement is not even, but it comprises a series of structural highs and lows. N–S to NW–SE and E–W to NE–SW faults delimit these structural units. The magnetic modelling was constrained by (i) the gravity‐derived basement topography; (ii) a Curie isotherm assumed to be between 7 km and 10 km; (iii) assuming induced magnetization only; (iv) the available geological and borehole information. The magnetic anomalies were interpreted successfully using the gravity‐derived basement/sedimentary interface as the top of the magnetic bodies (i.e. the magnetic modelling supports the gravity basement topography). An elongated N–S to NW–SE trending highly magnetized body running from south to north along the basin is observed to the west of the basin. This magnetic anomaly has no gravity signature. Such a feature can be interpreted as an intrusive body emplaced along a fault running through the Laguna Salada Basin. Treatment of the gravity and magnetic information (and of their horizontal gradients) with satellite image processing techniques highlighted lineaments on the basement gravity topography correlating with mapped faults. Based on all this information, we derived detailed geological models along four selected profiles to simulate numerically the heat and fluid flow in the basin. We used a finite‐difference scheme to solve the coupled Darcy and Fourier differential equations. According to our results, we have fluid flow in the sedimentary layers and a redistribution of heat flow from the basin axis toward its rims (Sierra de Juárez and Sierra Cucapah). Our model temperatures agree within an error of 4% with the observed temperature profiles measured at boreholes. Our heat‐flow determinations agree within an error of ±15% with extrapolated observations. The numerical and chemical analyses support the hypothesis of fluid circulation between the clay–lutite layer and the fractured granitic basement. Thermal modelling shows low heat‐flow values along the Laguna Salada Basin. Deep fluid circulation patterns were observed that redistribute such flow at depth. Two patterns were distinguished. One displays the heat flow increasing from the basin axis towards its borders (temperature increase of 20°C). The second pattern shows an increasing heat flow from south to north of the basin. Such behaviour is confirmed by the temperature measurements in the thermometric boreholes. 相似文献
10.
焉耆盆地是塔里木盆地东北缘天山山间的重要坳陷区,盆地北缘发育的和静逆断裂-褶皱带是一条现今活动强烈的逆断裂-褶皱带,对其第四纪以来缩短量和隆升量的计算有利于分析该区域的构造活动情况,对缩短速率和隆升速率的估计可以与天山造山带其他区域的活动速率进行横向对比,从而反映出焉耆盆地在天山晚新生代构造变形的作用。在深部资料不足的情况下,对背斜形态完整、构造样式简单的和静逆断裂-褶皱带,利用地表可获得的地层和断层产状,通过恢复褶皱几何形态,计算褶皱的缩短量、隆升量和断层滑动量,得到逆断裂-褶皱带早更新世晚期(1.8Ma)、中更新世(780ka)和晚更新世中期(80ka)以来的缩短量分别为1.79km、0.88km和26m,初步估计的缩短速率分别为0.99mm/a、1.13mm/a和0.33mm/a。显示和静逆断裂-褶皱带自开始形成以来构造活动强度并不一致。与地壳形变观测结果对比,作为南天山东段最主要的坳陷区,焉耆盆地吸收了这一区域(86°～88°E)的大部分地壳缩短,且主要表现为盆地北缘新生逆断裂-褶皱带的强烈变形。 相似文献
11.
THE LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY AND FORMATION MECHANISM OF BAOERTU FAULT ZONE,EASTERN TIANSHAN SEGMENT 
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下载免费PDF全文 REN Guang-xue LI Chuan-you WU Chuan-yong WANG Si-yu ZHANG Hui-ping REN Zhi-kun LI Xin-nan 《地震地质》2019,41(4):856-871
Influenced by the far-field effect of India-Eurasia collision, Tianshan Mountains is one of the most intensely deformed and seismically active intracontinental orogenic belts in Cenozoic. The deformation of Tianshan is not only concentrated on its south and north margins, but also on the interior of the orogen. The deformation of the interior of Tianshan is dominated by NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults and ENE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults. Compared with numerous studies on the south and north margins of Tianshan, little work has been done to quantify the slip rates of faults within the Tianshan Mountains. Therefore, it is a significant approach for geologists to understand the current tectonic deformation style of Tianshan Mountains by studying the late Quaternary deformation characteristics of large fault and fold zones extending through the interior of Tianshan. In this paper, we focus on a large near EW trending fault, the Baoertu Fault (BETF) in the interior of Tianshan, which is a large fault in the eastern Tianshan area with apparent features of deformation, and a boundary fault between the central and southern Tianshan. An MS5.0 earthquake event occurred on BETF, which indicates that this fault is still active. In order to understand the kinematics and obtain the late Quaternary slip rate of BETF, we made a detailed research on its late Quaternary kinematic features based on remote sensing interpretation, drone photography, and field geological and geomorphologic survey, the results show that the BETF is of left-lateral strike-slip with thrust component in late Quaternary. In the northwestern Kumishi basin, BETF sinistrally offsets the late Pleistocene piedmont alluvial fans, forming fault scarps and generating sinistral displacement of gullies and geomorphic surfaces. In the bedrock region west of Benbutu village, BETF cuts through the bedrock and forms the trough valley. Besides, a series of drainages or rivers which cross the fault zone and date from late Pleistocene have been left-laterally offset systematically, resulting in a sinistral displacement ranging 0.93~4.53km. By constructing the digital elevation model (DEM) for the three sites of typical deformed morphologic units, we measured the heights of fault scarps and left-lateral displacements of different gullies forming in different times, and the result shows that BEFT is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip with thrust component. We realign the bended channels across the fault at BET01 site and obtain the largest displacement of 67m. And we propose that the abandon age of the deformed fan is about 120ka according to the features of the fan. Based on the offsets of channels at BET01 and the abandon age of deformed fan, we estimate the slip rate of 0.56mm/a since late Quaternary. The Tianshan Mountains is divided into several sub-blocks by large faults within the orogen. The deformation in the interior of Tianshan can be accommodated or absorbed by relative movement or rotation. The relative movement of the two sub-blocks surrounded by Boa Fault, Kaiduhe Fault and BETF is the dominant cause for the left-lateral movement of BETF. The left-lateral strike-slip with reverse component of BETF in late Quaternary not only accommodates the horizontal stain within eastern Tianshan but also absorbs some SN shortening of the crust. 相似文献
12.
While seismic imaging for crustal and mantle structures has traditionally relied on surface wave and refraction data, the use of reflection data for crustal-scale targets has been largely limited to the common midpoint (CMP) stack techniques. The rapid increase in the number of seismograph array deployments in recent years in crustal and mantle seismology has reached a level such that a re-examination of the imaging techniques is becoming necessary. In this paper we show the advantage of prestack depth imaging for crustal reflection studies, based on data from two reflection surveys of the Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment (LARSE) to map faults and crustal-scale structures. Our analysis indicates that the quality of the previous images of these surveys is limited by the CMP stack technique. For comparison, we present here depth images of the same LARSE data using wave equation prestack depth imaging and a tomographic velocity model based on first arrivals of the LARSE surveys and local earthquakes. Our new images are considerably improved over previous images in terms of resolution and reflector continuity. The new images show reflectors throughout the crust and suggest truncations in the Moho associated with the San Andreas Fault. A series of bright reflector segments, which are associated with the San Gabriel and San Andreas faults have been identified and might represent reflections from the fault zones. Our results suggest that the presence of high noise level, strong lateral velocity heterogeneity and wide angle geometry argue for, rather than against, the use of prestack depth imaging over the simple CMP stack techniques. As demonstrated in this study, it is now viable to conduct prestack depth imaging of crustal reflection data using a velocity model based on earthquake first arrivals thanks to the dense acquisition deployment. 相似文献
13.
Thomas C. Hanks 《地震工程与结构动力学》1976,4(5):473-488
While the accurate estimation of ground-motion amplitudes across the entire frequency band of engineering interest is not possible at the present time, the excitation and propagation of long-period strong-ground motion can be understood with existing seismological methodology. In the Los Angeles Basin, the long-period strong ground motion excited by the San Fernando earthquake is dominated by the presence of surface waves, whose gross amplitude and frequency content are easily attributable to physical properties of the earthquake source and source-station propagation paths. Observed measures of the long-period strong ground motion of the Kern County earthquake relative to the San Fernando earthquake at two sites in the Los Angeles Basin which recorded both shocks can be predicted with considerable accuracy by a simple earthquake source model. This source model is extrapolated to represent the maximum credible earthquake likely to affect the Los Angeles area, taken to be a repeat of the Fort Tejon (1857) earthquake along the San Andreas fault. The measures of long-period strong ground motion in the Los Angeles Basin estimated for it agree well with the comparable measures of Earthquake A-2, intended to represent the same situation. For the purpose of aseismic design of long-period structures, Earthquake A-2 is a reasonable, if not all inclusive, estimate of the long-period strong ground motion in the Los Angeles Basin generated by a magnitude 8+ earthquake along the San Andreas fault north and east of Los Angeles. 相似文献
14.
Fault slip rate is one of the most important subjects in active tectonics research, which reveals the activity and seismic potential of a fault. Due to the improvement of dating precision with the development of dating methods, Holocene geological markers, even the young markers of thousands or hundreds of years old, are widely used in fault slip rate calculation. Usually, uncertainties from a single event and erosion of the accumulated offsets are involved in fault slip rate determination. Two types of uncertainties are related to a single event; the first is the time elapsed since the latest (the most recent) event; the second is the period since the formation of the geological marker to the occurrence of the first event. High‐slip‐rate faults are more sensitive to these uncertainties than low‐slip‐rate faults. In this study, we studied quantitatively the effects of a single event on fault slip rate following the three classic earthquake models: the characteristic earthquake, uniform slip and variable slip models. We suggest that the erosion of the accumulated offset–lateral erosion on a strike‐slip fault, should also be considered in fault slip estimation. Therefore, we propose a differential method to obtain a reliable fault slip rate. In the differential method, the slip rate is the ratio of offset differentials and corresponding age differentials between the older and younger terraces along strike‐slip faults. This kind of differential method could avoid the uncertainties from the first and latest events, as well as that from the lateral erosion. By applying the differential method, we got the revised slip rates of ∼5–10 mm/year on the Altyn Tagh and Kunlun faults. These low slip rates could fit previous geodetic and geological fault slip rates and shortening rates as well as the millennial recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes along the major segments of these faults. 相似文献
15.
We present results of a geomorphological and morphotectonic analysis of the northeastern part of the Rif. We show that the present day kinematics of the Rif is characterized by active deformation along the Trougout and Nekor faults in the North-East. Digital Elevation Models of offset drainage features (streams, fluvial terraces) allow determining a normal-left-lateral motion along the Trougout fault and a left-lateral strike-slip motion along the Nekor fault. Preliminary 3He cosmogenic dates of tectonic markers yield vertical and horizontal slip rates of ∼0.9 mm/yr and ∼0.5 mm/yr, respectively along the Trougout fault. The present-day localized transtension seen in the north-eastern Rif morphology (Ras Tarf) is coeval with uplifted marine terraces near the Al Hoceima Bay. U/Th dating of shells yield an average uplift rate of ∼0.2 mm/yr during the past 500 ka. These data show that active transtension in the northeastern Rif is also associated with uplift. These new morphotectonic constraints are consistent with the GPS measurements showing southwestward overall motion of most of the Rif belt with respect to stable Africa. 相似文献
16.
基于2015年尼泊尔地震序列的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,计算了该地震序列传递到中国西藏境内发生在定日县地震和聂拉木县地震的应力.2015年尼泊尔地震序列导致定日县地震和聂拉木地震节面和滑动方向的库仑应力增加(2~3)×103 Pa和(2.4~3.1)×105 Pa,表明这两个地震受到尼泊尔地震序列的触发.其次,我们计算了2015年尼泊尔地震序列在中国大陆及其附近主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化.喜马拉雅主山前逆冲断裂和青藏高原内部的拉张正断层上的库仑应力有较大的增加,而青藏高原的走滑断裂,如阿尔金断裂、东昆仑断裂、玉树玛曲断裂、班公错断裂西部、嘉黎断裂的库仑应力有较大的降低.天山南北两侧的断裂库仑应力降低.而华北及东北、华南地区的库仑应力变化几乎可以忽略不计.最后,计算了该地震序列造成的水平应力变化.水平面应力在2015年尼泊尔地震序列北向(青藏高原大部和新疆区域)增加(拉张),而在地震序列东侧的西藏南部和川滇地区南部降低(压缩),在华北和东北仅有少许增加,在华南地区有少许降低.在中国西部,主压应力表现为以2015年地震序列为圆心的向外辐射状,而主张应力方向与同心圆切线方向大体一致.水平主压应力方向在东北地区为北东向,在华北地区为北东东向,在华南地区为南东东向.这种模式与现今构造应力场方向相似,表现了2015尼泊尔地震序列所代表的印度板块和欧亚板块的碰撞是中国大陆构造变形的主要动力来源. 相似文献
17.
THE LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC DEFORMATION REVEALED BY THE TERRACES ON THE BAIYANG RIVER IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Qilian Mountains, as a major orogenic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, is the forefront of the expansion of the plateau to the northeast, where thrusts and folds dominate tectonic deformation. The Baiyang River starts from the inner Qilian Mountains, flowing northward across various structures, and finally into the Jiuxi Basin. This work focused on exhaustive investigations to the terraces on this river to characterize the Late Quaternary tectonic deformation in this region. The results show that (1)these river terraces on the Baiyang River are segmented, of which multiple levels developed at steep terrains and anticlines in the basin. Bounded by the Niutou Mountains, mainly 2-3 and 4-5 levels of terraces formed in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. (2)The longitudinal profiles along the river suggest a vertical motion rate of the Changma fault as (0.32±0.09)mm/a and crustal shortening rate (0.12±0.09)mm/a. There was no vertical activity since the formation of T5 surface (13ka)on the Hanxia-Dahuanggou fault. At the terrace T5 (9ka)on the Laojunmiao anticline, fold uplift amounts (6.55±0.5)m and shortening amounts (3.47±0.5)m, yielding uplift and shortening rates (1.23±0.81)mm/a and (0.67±0.44)mm/a, respectively. The Baiyang River anticline began to be active about 300ka with uplift and shortening rates (0.21±0.02)mm/a and (0.14±0.03)mm/a, respectively since 170ka. (3)In the Qilian Mountains, there were two different deformation characteristics in response to the expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Shear deformation dominates the inner Qilian Mountains, which is manifested as lateral extrusion of blocks. In the northern margin of Qilian Mountains and Jiuxi Basin, the deformation is dominated by compression, expressing crustal shortening and uplift, and the shortening within the basin accounts about half of the total deformation. 相似文献
18.
基于遥感技术研究依兰-伊通断裂带 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
郯庐断裂带是中国东部的大型走滑断裂, 在沈阳以北由一支分为两支: 依兰—伊通断裂带和敦化-密山断裂带。 利用遥感数据并结合DEM (数字高程模型)数据对郯庐断裂带北段的依兰-伊通断裂带进行了分析研究。 根据该断裂带的形态特征将其划分成三段(沈阳—开原段、 开原—依兰段、 依兰—萝北段)。 沈阳—开原段为单条断裂, 它分隔了下辽河平原和辽东山地; 开原—依兰段为双边不对称断裂, 两支断裂相向内倾形成地堑, 隔大黑山分隔了松辽盆地和那丹哈达岭; 依兰-萝北段断裂较为隐伏, 该段是小兴安岭和三江盆地的分界。 通过分析依兰—伊通断裂带对河流和其他断裂的错动情况, 进一步揭示了郯庐断裂带曾经历了早期左旋走滑和后期右旋走滑的历史。 另外还对伊通地堑进行了较为详细的描述及说明, 通过对其DEM作横向和纵向的剖面分析证实了其西北边界为主要控盆断裂。 相似文献
19.
为深入理解汶川地震破裂的构造运动机制,本文选取典型的观测点,利用多种地质地貌标志测绘分析得到了汶川MS8.0地震发震断裂的近地表三维同震滑移矢量.结果显示,北川—映秀断裂上的白水河—高川破裂段北西盘沿88°方位角水平滑移2.58 m、垂直滑移3.70 m;安县—灌县断裂上的白鹿—汉旺破裂北西盘沿134°方位角水平滑移1.63 m,垂直滑移2.00 m;小鱼洞破裂带南西盘沿76°~79°方位角水平滑移2.15~2.71 m,垂直滑移1.36~1.51 m.平行的白水河—高川破裂段和白鹿—汉旺破裂段合计形成1.72 m右旋走滑和3.49 m垂直断裂带的NW向水平缩短,总滑移方向（106°）与断裂带整体走向（42°）呈64°夹角,整个龙门山推覆构造带处于斜向挤压的构造环境.结合震源过程反演成果的分析显示,斜滑的白水河—高川破裂段和逆冲型白鹿—汉旺破裂段可能是在汶川地震中最大的一次子事件过程以滑移分解的形式而同时破裂形成的,滑移分解作用使两条断裂以斜滑与逆冲组合的力学性质产生破裂而非相同性质的斜滑破裂.小鱼洞破裂以低角度斜滑为主,可能是安县—灌县断裂与北川—映秀断裂以滑移分解形式同时破裂的纽带.小鱼洞断裂是龙门山断裂带长期处于斜向挤压的构造环境的产物,不只是逆冲断裂系中的捩断层. 相似文献
20.
跨呼和浩特-包头盆地(以下简称"呼包盆地")完成的91.8km长的深地震反射剖面,揭示了呼包盆地的岩石圈精细结构和断裂的深、浅构造特征.结果表明,本区地壳和岩石圈具有清晰的层状反射结构特征,其中,地壳厚度约45~48km,岩石圈厚度约82~87km.莫霍面在大青山之下出现约3.5km的抬升,暗示大青山的隆升不是因为地壳物质增厚所致,即大青山可能不存在"山根".呼包盆地为南浅、北深的"箕状"断陷盆地,盆地沉积层最厚处位于大青山山前,其厚度约为7~8km.鄂尔多斯北缘断裂和大青山山前断裂作为呼包盆地的南、北边界断裂,在剖面上均表现为由3~4条断裂组成的"Y"字形断裂构造,它们对呼包盆地的形成、地层沉积、基底变形和地震活动都有重要的控制作用.剖面揭示的岩石圈深断裂位于大青山山前断裂的下方,该断裂向上进入上地壳,向下切割中-下地壳、莫霍面,进入上地幔.深断裂的存在为深部热物质的上涌与能量强烈交换提供了通道,而上涌的软流层物质与岩石圈地幔发生交代和侵蚀作用导致岩石圈减薄. 相似文献