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1.
甘肃阳山超大型热液金矿床的成矿特征   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  
从阳山超大型金矿床的区域构造演化发展背景、成矿地质地球化学等特征进行的研究与分析表明,它是形成、产出在中新生代活化造山带、地壳高位浅成的中低温热液型超大型金矿床。从大地构造成矿学的研究途径,对其成矿流体与成矿物质的源区类型、形成与演化的构造环境、成矿作用的地质成因类型、成矿流体传输与聚集的构造系统等方面的初步研究表明成矿流体是变质与非变质的复杂混合体系,主要由基底、盖层中的构造热动力区域变质流体+重熔花岗岩浆热变质流体+岩浆热液等,组成多成因类型混合成矿流体,并受到同生水、大气降水的混染。因此,阳山金矿主要是由混合型变质成矿流体与岩浆热液成矿流体叠加形成,具有多因复成成矿特征的超大型中低温热液金矿床。  相似文献   

2.
A series of samples from the Hine Hina hydrothermal field (HHF) and the Mariner hydrothermal field (MHF) in the Central and Southern Valu Fa Ridge (VFR), Lau Basin were examined to explain the source origin and formation of the hydrothermal Fe-Si-Mn oxide deposits. The mineralogy was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For the Fe-Mn oxide crusts in the HHF, varying amounts of volcanic fragments and some seawater contributions were recognized, along with higher concentrations of Mn, Al, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Mo, elevated ∑REE and negative Ce anomalies. In contrast, the Si-rich oxide samples of the MHF were enriched in Cu, Pb and Ba, indicative of proximity to a hydrothermal jet. Moreover, conductive cooling of hydrothermal fluid evoked the Si-rich deposit formation in the MHF. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data provided further constraints regarding the source and formation of the Fe-Si-Mn deposits in the VFR by showing that the samples of the HHF are a mixture of three components, namely, hydrothermal fluid, seawater and volcanic materials, whereas the samples of the MHF were dominated by hydrothermal fluids. The seawater had a minor influence on the Nd isotope data, and the Pb isotope data exhibited a close association with the substrate rock and preformed volcaniclastic layers in this area. The occurrence of relatively high Mn/Fe ratios in the hydrothermal deposits of this area may be a good indicator of the propagating activities of the VFR over geological time.  相似文献   

3.
李兆鼐 《地球学报》1997,18(2):150-161
本文主要讨论火山岩、次火山岩和相应侵入岩地区各类金矿的蚀变分带和形成条件，作者把成矿系统分为成矿热流体体系和控矿环境两个组成部分。热流体体系分成近地表和高侵位的两种类型，控矿系统分为火山中心控矿系统、高侵位岩体控矿系统和有区域性断裂系统复合的上述控矿系统。与近地表岩浆热流体体系有关的浅成热液金矿可分为低硫、高硫和富碲３个类型，与高侵位岩浆热流体体系有关的有斑岩型和浅成侵入体型。全面分析了与两种热流体体系有关的各类金矿产出的的地质环境、蚀变矿物组合的时、空分布，及其形成的地质和物理化学条件。提出了成矿热流体体系与控矿环境相互作用和进行物质能量交换过程的四维记录的新观点。  相似文献   

4.
Batch and flow-through experiments were performed on quartz–feldspar granular aggregates at hydrothermal conditions (up to ≈150 °C, up to 5 MPa effective pressure, and near-neutral pH) for up to 141 days. The effect of dissolution–precipitation reactions on the surface morphology of the mineral grains was investigated. The starting materials as well as the solids and fluids resulting from the experiments were characterized using BET, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of fluid samples was used as a proxy for the evolution of the fluid composition in the experiments. The chemical analyses of the fluids in combination with hydrogeochemical simulations with PHREEQC suggested the precipitation of Al–Si-bearing solid phases. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of secondary amorphous Al–Si-bearing solid phases. The microscopic observations are consistent with a process of stoichiometric dissolution of the mineral grains, transport of dissolved ions in the fluid phase, and spatially coupled precipitation of sub-μm sized amorphous particles on mineral surfaces. These findings shed light onto early stages of diagenesis of quartz–feldspar sands and indicate that amorphous phases may be precursors for the formation of crystalline phases, for example, clay minerals.  相似文献   

5.
The pseudomorphic transformation of magnetite into hematite (martitization) is widespread in geological environments, but the process and mechanism of this transformation is still not fully understood. Micro- and nano-scale techniques—scanning electron microscopy, focused ion bean transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy—were used in combination with X-ray diffraction, Curie balance and magnetic hysteresis analyses, as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy on martite samples from a banded iron formation (2.9 Ga, Dharwar Craton, India), and from lateritic soils, which have developed on siliciclastic and volcanic rocks previously affected by metamorphic fluids (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Octahedral crystals from both samples are composed of hematite with minor patches of magnetite, but show different structures. The Indian crystals show trellis of subhedral magnetite hosting maghemite in sharp contact with interstitial hematite crystals, which suggests exsolution along parting planes. Grain boundary migrations within the hematite point to dynamic crystallization during deformation. Dislocations and fluid inclusions in hematite reflect its precipitation related to a hydrothermal event. In the Brazilian martite, dislocations are observed and maghemite occurs as Insel structures and nano-twin sets. The latter, typical for the hematite, are a transformation product from maghemite into hematite. For both samples, a deformation-induced hydrothermally driven transformation from magnetite via maghemite to hematite is proposed. The transformation from magnetite into maghemite comprises intermediate non-stoichiometric magnetite steps related to a redox process. This study shows that martite found in supergene environment may result from earlier hypogene processes.  相似文献   

6.
Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ18O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and 87Sr/86Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can serve as a key target for future hydrocarbon exploration.  相似文献   

7.
郑义 《地球科学》2022,47(10):3603-3615
热液矿床超大比例尺填图是指1∶1 000以及更大比例尺的填图,主要用来记录矿区内露头、平硐、钻孔和手标本上等肉眼可直接观察到的各类地质现象.热液矿床超大比例尺填图的目的是查明成矿作用的地质特征、空间分布和时间演化,对于准确判断热液矿床的成因类型和成矿过程,以及圈定矿体和布置勘探工程等实践活动具有重要意义.在实际工作中,初学者由于对热液矿床的复杂现象不知如何下手,对于“填什么”和“如何填”等问题不甚清楚.鉴于此,(1)从基本原理出发,重点阐述了热液矿床构造、流体、蚀变和矿化形成过程,提出“成矿流体+新鲜围岩→围岩蚀变+矿石”这一热液矿床形成的通用性公式,并提出“构造→骨骼”和“蚀变→血肉”的类比;(2)重点介绍了热液矿床超大比例尺填图过程中一些长期被忽略的问题,如,成矿环境判别、成矿流体通道与圈闭、热液充填与交代成矿作用以及脉体穿插与成矿期次判别等.同时,对这些地质现象背后隐藏的成因启示做了重点阐释.   相似文献   

8.
The results of the study of anomalous structures of geochemical fields (ASGF) accompanying hydrothermal gold deposits are considered. A model of the formation of such structures in the course of development of hydrothermal ore-metasomatic systems is proposed. The existing methods of detection and geometrization of ASGF are evaluated. The elaborated technique of the study of anomalous geochemical fields is based on standardized unbiased indexes assigned to detection and geometrization of anomalous structures. A classification of ASGF at hydrothermal gold deposits has been developed. General features due to the universal mechanism of functioning of hydrothermal systems and specific features related to the localization and metallogenic specialization of particular kinds of ore mineralization are identified for the studied geological and economic types of gold deposits. The elaborated technique of quantitative characterization of ASGF parameters comprises the geometrization of anomalous structures, calculation of the coefficient of ordering, and computation of the productivities of standardized indexes of zoning. The established regular variation of quantitative parameters of ASGF with depth may be applied to the estimation of the erosion level of ore-bearing structural units in ore fields and deposits.  相似文献   

9.
In this study, we applied chemical geothermometers to the estimation of formation temperatures of chlorites from various types of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Toyoha geothermal field, using core samples from six drill holes (TH-2 to TH-7) together with wasted ore samples from Toyoha vein-type ore deposit. Based on the preliminary examination of mineral assemblages by X-ray powder diffraction and optical microscopy, hydrothermal alteration observed through the drill holes was classified into four types of alteration zones: propylitic, mixed-layer minerals, kaolin minerals, and ore mineralized zones. The mineral assemblage of the ore mineralized zone observed through TH-2, TH-4, and TH-6 is similar to those of Toyoha ore veins reported previously. The Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of chlorites were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in addition to the usual microprobe analyses. The ratios ranged from 0.20–0.26 for chlorites from the propylitic alteration zone and from 0.13 to 0.17 for those from the ore mineralized zone associated with sulfide minerals. After correcting the Fe3+ contents in the octahedral sites of chlorite structures, we obtained acceptable temperatures of the chlorite formation by application of geothermometers, for instance, a similar range of 150–300°C for chlorites from either the propylitic zone or the ore mineralized zone developed through TH-2, TH-4, and TH-6. Chlorites from the ore mineralized zone proximal to the Toyoha deposit are characterized by high Fe and Mn contents compared to the propylitic chlorites, which is similar to the Toyoha vein-filling chlorites; the formation temperatures were close to both the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and the present subsurface temperatures measured through drill holes. Chlorites from the Toyoha ore veins, however, gave slightly higher formation temperatures (180–350°C) than those of chlorites from the ore mineralized zone in the drill cores. This suggests that several types of hydrothermal alteration occurred at different stages in the Toyoha geothermal field and the composition of product chlorite was controlled not only by the temperature but also the composition of fluid related to the formation. Reliable estimation of temperature for the chlorite formation provides basic information on evaluating correctly other physicochemical conditions prevalent at the formation.  相似文献   

10.
Revealing the controlling effect of geological structure on seafloor hydrothermal activities is of great significance in understanding the formation mechanism of hydrothermal system and searching for seafloor sulfide resources. This article summarized the topography and faults, crustal structure, gravity and magnetic field, heat flow and magmatism in the middle and southern Okinawa Trough, as well as the general characteristics of hydrothermal field distributions and hydrothermal products. By comparing the Okinawa Trough with the Manus Basin, Mariana Trough, North Fiji Basin and Lau Basin with different rock basements and extension stages, we generalized some specific geological characteristics of the Okinawa Trough, including the transitional crustal nature, low extension degree, high heat flow value, extremely thick sediments, and bimodal volcanism. The hydrothermal activities in the Okinawa Trough are controlled by fault structures, magmatism, and spreading rate, and at the same time, are affected by basement rock types and sediment covers. In the middle and southern parts of the trough, two group of faults that are parallel and perpendicular to the strike of the back-arc basin promote the fluid circulation, and large-scale magmatic activity provides sufficient heat for the hydrothermal system. In addition, the interaction of fluids with the widespread silicic volcanic rocks and thick sediments leads to the enrichment of organic matter, CO 2, and metals such as Ag and Au in the hydrothermal products. According to the extension rate and geological features of the Okinawa Trough, we believe that the Okinawa Trough has potential to have new hydrothermal fields discovered and we speculate that new hydrothermal fields most possibly exist in the regions influenced by ridge subduction as well as the neo-volcanic zones closed to the island arc.  相似文献   

11.
青海软玉产出的地质特征及物质成分特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
青海软玉自20世纪90年代初被开采利用以来逐渐被人们认识和喜爱,尤其被选定用来制作2008年北京奥运会的金、银、铜奖牌（金镶玉）后,更是引发了人们对它的极大兴趣,现已成为我国软玉玉料的主要来源之一。首先介绍了青海软玉产出的地质特征,并利用偏光显微镜观察、X荧光光谱分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉末衍射分析等测试手段对各个颜色品种及不同成因品种的青海软玉样品进行了较系统的研究,结果显示,青海软玉的物质成分特征为：青海软玉的主要化学成分为SiO2,MgO,CaO,其质量分数较为稳定,变化范围不大;主要矿物组成是透闪石,其质量分数多数大于99%。  相似文献   

12.
新疆阿沙勒金矿地质特征及成因探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
阿沙勒金矿产于上奥陶统呼独克达坂组的一套浅海相火山碎屑沉积岩和碳酸盐建造中，是一个与花岗闪长岩体侵入有关的小型金矿床，矿体产出受控于地层、构造、岩浆岩。从矿床地质、流体包裹体、稳定同位素等角度较详细论述了金矿的地质特征，并进一步探讨了矿床成因，认为其属华力西早期的岩浆热液型金矿床。  相似文献   

13.
鲁西归来庄金矿田是中国东部最重要的富碲型金矿田之一,也是鲁西地区迄今唯一的特大型金矿田。矿田中各金矿床受铜石潜火山穹隆控制,产出于不同深度、不同地质构造部位、不同的地质体中,矿化类型多样,但它们的形成环境、成矿地质背景、成矿作用特征总体一致:①归来庄金矿田是一个主要由前寒武纪基底岩石和早古生代碳酸盐岩盖层组成、中生代构造–岩浆作用较为发育的内生中低温热液金矿集区;②燕甘断裂是郯庐断裂带派生构造,控制着区内地层、岩浆岩、次级构造及金矿床/点的展布;燕甘断裂的次级断裂、潜火山穹隆的放射状、环状构造是矿液运移和沉淀聚集的良好场所;③金矿化以隐爆角砾岩型、镁质碳酸盐岩微细浸染型、斑岩型、矽卡岩叠加型及破碎带蚀变岩型为主,矿石普遍发育浸染状、细脉浸染状、网脉状、团块状和块状构造,反映其形成于岩浆期后热液环境;④具有碲与金超常富集共存的显著特征,金属矿物除常见的自然金、银金矿外,另有含碲矿物碲铜金矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿、碲金矿等;⑤早侏罗世中偏碱性岩浆侵位初步启动了该区的金成矿过程,为早白垩世的中碱性岩浆活动提供了母岩和成矿物质来源,早白垩世可能是鲁西归来庄金矿田的主要成矿时期;⑥成矿流体具有低温、低盐度特征,同位素特征具有多来源性,以岩浆水和大气降水为主,并有少量变质水的参与;⑦在成矿热液中可能是Au与Te、S结合生成可搬运的配合物进行运移;成矿热液中有较高的碲逸度,在中低温条件下碲易置换硫而进入硫化物晶格,在高碲逸度的条件下碲则易与Au、Ag、Pb等元素形成碲化物而参与成矿。这种区域上成矿特征表现出的一致性,表明鲁西归来庄地区中生代大规模金成矿作用受控于统一的地质事件,可划归为一个统一的潜火山中—低温热液金成矿系统。   相似文献   

14.
Talc, kerolite–smectite, smectite, chlorite–smectite and chlorite samples from sediments, chimneys and massive sulfides from six seafloor hydrothermal areas have been analyzed for mineralogy, chemistry and oxygen isotopes. Samples are from both peridotite- and basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems, and basaltic systems include sediment-free and sediment-covered sites. Mg-phyllosilicates at seafloor hydrothermal sites have previously been described as talc, stevensite or saponite. In contrast, new data show tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicates ranging from pure talc and Fe-rich talc, through kerolite-rich kerolite–smectite to smectite-rich kerolite–smectite and tri-octahedral smectite. The most common occurrence is mixed-layer kerolite–smectite, which shows an almost complete interstratification series with 5 to 85% smectitic layers. The smectite interstratified with kerolite is mostly tri-octahedral. The degree of crystal perfection of the clay sequence decreases generally from talc to kerolite–smectite with lower crystalline perfection as the proportion of smectite layers in kerolite–smectite increases.Our studies do not support any dependence of the precipitated minerals on the type/subtype of hydrothermal system. Oxygen isotope geothermometry demonstrates that talc and kerolite–smectite precipitated in chimneys, massive sulfide mounds, at the sediment surface and in open cracks in the sediment near seafloor are high-temperature (> 250 °C) phases that are most probably the result of focused fluid discharge. The other end-member of this tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicate sequence, smectite, is a moderate-temperature (200–250 °C) phase forming deep within the sediment (～ 0.8 m). Chlorite and chlorite–smectite, which constitute the alteration sediment matrix around the hydrothermal mounds, are lower-temperature (150–200 °C) phases produced by diffuse fluid discharge through the sediment around the hydrothermal conduits. In addition to temperature, other two controls on the precipitation of this sequence are the silica activity and Mg/Al ratio (i.e. the degree of mixing of seawater with hydrothermal fluid). Higher silica activity favors the formation of talc relative to tri-octahedral smectite. Vent structures and sedimentary cover preclude complete mixing of hydrothermal fluid and ambient seawater, resulting in lower Mg/Al ratios in the interior parts of the chimneys and deeper in the sediment which leads to the precipitation of phyllosilicates with lower Mg contents. Talc and kerolite–smectite have very low trace- and rare earth element contents. Some exhibit a negative or flat Eu anomaly, which suggests Eu depletion in the original hydrothermal fluid. Such Eu depletion could be caused by precipitation of anhydrite or barite (sinks for Eu2+) deeper in the system. REE abundances and distribution patterns indicate that chlorite and chlorite–smectite are hydrothermal alteration products of the background turbiditic sediment.  相似文献   

15.
在滇西福贡亚五夺地区普遍发育有规模不等的透闪石玉矿(化)体,呈不规则大脉状产于片麻岩、片岩的大理岩夹层与糜棱岩化花岗岩的接触部位。本文在系统调查矿床(体)地质的基础上,采用化学分析、粉晶X衍射及能谱分析等方法,研究了区内透辉石玉的宝石学、矿物学特征,进而对其成因进行探讨。透闪石玉矿石折射率1.60,硬度5.6,密度2.9g/cm~3±,达到玉石品质的指标要求,可作为一种新类型的软玉矿床开发;其主要矿物组成(体积分数)为透闪石(45%)、透辉石(40%),并含方解石(5%)、石英(5%),以及少量的长石、石榴石、磷灰石、榍石、独居石等;透闪石的SiO_2、CaO、MgO含量(质量分数)分别54.54%、22.32%、18.62%,并有少量的Fe_2O_3、Na_2O、Al_2O_3,其晶胞参数a0、b0、c0及β分别为0.978×10~(-10) m、1.785×10~(-10) m、5.284×10~(-10) m及104.45°。结合矿床地质特征以及矿石与围岩稀土元素示踪分析,该透闪石玉矿床仍属变质热液型矿床,但其是在区域性同岩浆同变形时期的拉张阶段,变质流体混合岩浆残余热液沿裂隙充填而成的,应是一种新的矿床成因类型。其成矿时期与碧罗雪山—崇山变形带喜马拉雅中晚期大规模的走滑剪切作用相关大体时限为22~15Ma。本区域具有同等地质背景和成矿条件的地段范围巨大,具有很大的找矿前景。  相似文献   

16.
New samples returned by China Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity, space weathering, and regolith evolution. The age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the first scientific questions to be answered. However, the precious samples, most in the micrometer size range, challenge many traditional analyses on large single crystals of zircon developed for massive bulk samples. Here, we developed a non-destructive rapid screening of individual zirconium-containing particle for isotope geochronology based on a Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (µXRF). The selected particles were verified via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) techniques, which showed that zirconium-bearing minerals with several microns were precisely positioned and readily suitable for site-specific isotopic dating by second ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Such protocol could be also applicable in non-destructively screening other types of particles for different scientific purposes. We therefore proposed a correlative workflow for comprehensively studying the CE-5 lunar samples from single particles on nanometer to atomic scales. Linking various microscopic and spectromicroscopic instruments together, this workflow consists of six steps: (1) single-particle selection with non-destructive µXRF technique, (2) 2D/3D morphological and structural characterization with a correlative submicron 3D XRM and nanoscale resolution FIB-SEM imaging methods, (3) SEM analysis of the surface morphology and chemistry of the selected particle, (4) a series of microscopic and microbeam analyses (e.g., SEM, electron probe microanalysis, and SIMS) on the cross-section of the selected particle to obtain structural, mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic features from the micron to nanometer scale, (5) advanced 2D/3D characterization and site-specific sample preparation of thin foil/tip specimens on a microregion of interest in the selected particle with FIB-SEM technique, and (6) comprehensive analyses on the FIB-milled specimens at nanometer to atomic scale with synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, analytic transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. Following this technical roadmap, one can integrate multiple modalities into a uniform frame of multimodal and multiscale correlated datasets to acquire high-throughput information on the limited or precious terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples.  相似文献   

17.
太华山金矿区位于福建中部尤溪-德化-永泰三县的结合部位之"闽中金矿集中区",是该区具有找矿前景的靶区之一。随着太华山金矿区金坂矿段深部找矿勘查较系统的工程投入,发现了该区段深部的含矿斑岩体及其矿化蚀变系统。通过对金坂矿段620 m中段以上的含矿斑岩、矿化类型、蚀变分带特征及斑岩与各类型矿化的关系等进行系统分析,初步认为太华山金坂矿段矿化类型具有浅成低温热液型金银矿的特征,其金银矿(化)体在空间上与流纹斑岩紧密相伴,主要产于流纹斑岩体的内外接触带中,自上而下的矿化类型分为:顶部(微)细粒浸染型、中部石英细脉/网脉型及深部热液角砾/黄铁矿浸染石英脉型等,成矿具有"一体多型"的特点。结合太华山矿区太华山矿段、尤岭隔矿段地质特征的对比分析,提出了该区深部金银矿找矿地质模型,对完善太华山热泉-次火山斑岩成矿系统模型及其指导深部探矿工作具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

18.
中国萤石矿床分类   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文
通过对中国萤石矿床的成矿作用研究,综合考虑萤石矿床的成因类型和工业类型,将中国萤石矿床划分为沉积改造型、热液充填型和伴生型3种矿床类型。在全面分析萤石矿典型矿床的成矿条件、控矿因素和成矿作用的基础上,总结成矿要素,以相同或相似的二级成矿必要要素组合确定沉积改造型、热液充填型萤石矿床的亚类型,沉积改造型进一步划分出2个矿床式,热液充填型划分出5个矿床式,伴生型按伴生主矿种划分出4个矿床式。文章分析了每一个矿床式的成矿地质背景,成矿条件、矿床特征、控矿因素和成矿作用,总结了每一个矿床式的二级成矿必要要素。  相似文献   

19.
A series of morphological structures, such as scars and escarpments related to seafloor instabilities, were observed in the Gulf of Cadiz using multibeam bathymetry and acoustic imagery. According to the geometry of the slide scars, the slope angle, the surrounding seafloor morphology and the mechanical parameters of the sediment, we suggest the likely mechanisms initiating the failures for the different types of observed structures. Most of the small-scale sediment failures (≤2 km2) seem directly related to dome-like structures (where slopes are steep) or are located in the vicinity of such structures (fluid flows). It appears that progressive deformation or fluid flow related to the growing of dome-like structures may have weakened the sediments sufficiently to bring 7°-steep slopes to metastable conditions (with a factor of safety close to 1.0). The other instability types are likely related to high-magnitude (Ms?>?6) earthquakes, which are prone to occur in this area (located in the neighbourhood of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake area). Some particular large-scale structures were observed among these seafloor features, for example on the Guadalquivir Bank. On this bank, a series of successive large scars (at least 4 km long), composed of multiple and very regular arcuate segments (1 km in diameter), were observed at different bathymetric levels (every 40 m). These structures might be related to a deep-rooted detachment zone (e.g. successive listric faults) and triggered by high-magnitude earthquakes or by accumulated displacement along a tectonic discontinuity. This would explain such a large-scale deformation, providing a regular escarpment of 40 m high without any sediment flow downslope, thereby suggesting an ongoing (or unfinished) deformation.  相似文献   

20.
小宛南山金矿是产于太古宙花岗岩-绿岩地体,受敦煌群D岩组上部层位和韧性剪切带控制的变质热液型金矿床.矿源岩为绿岩带的镁铁质火山岩,成矿流体主要为变质热液,主成矿期属中元古宙.基于金矿床区域地质背景、矿床地质特征、微量元素特征、硫铅同位素组成和包裹体特征,以金赋存层位、容矿岩石、韧性剪切构造、蚀变作用为基础,通过分析成矿地质条件,证明金矿床应属变质热液成因.  相似文献   

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