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1.
The Kualiangzi landslide was triggered by heavy rainfalls in the “red beds” area of Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. Differing from other bedrock landslides, the movement of the Kualiangzi landslide was controlled by the subvertical cracks and a subhorizontal bedding plane (dip angle < 10°). The ingress of rainwater in the cracks formed a unique groundwater environment in the slope. Field measurement for rainfall, groundwater movement, and slope displacement has been made for the Kualiangzi landslide since 2013. The field monitoring system consists of two rainfall gauges, seven piezometers, five water-level gauges, and two GPS data loggers. The equipments are embedded near a longitudinal section of the landslide, where severe deformation has been observed in the past 3 years. The groundwater responses to four heavy rainfall events were analyzed between June 16 and July 24 in 2013 coincided with the flood season in Sichuan. Results showed that both of the water level and the pore-water pressure increased after each rainfall event with delay in the response time with respect to the precipitation. The maximum time lag reached 35 h occurred in a heavy rainfall event with cumulative precipitation of 127 mm; such lag effect was significantly weakened in the subsequent heavy rainfall events. In each presented rainfall event, longer infiltration period in the bedrock in the upper slope increased the response time of groundwater, compared to that of in the gravels in the lower slope. A translational landslide conceptual model was built for the Kualiangzi landslide, and the time lag was attributed to the gradual formation of the uplift pressure on the slip surface and the softening of soils at the slip surface. Another important observation is the effect on the slope movement which was caused by the water level (H w) in the transverse tension trough developed at the rear edge of the landslide. Significant negative correlation was found for H w and the slope stability factor (F s), in particular for the last two heavy rainfall events, of which the drastic increase of water level caused significant deterioration in the slope stability. The rapid drop (Δ?=?22.5 kPa) of pore-water pressure in the deep bedrock within 1 h and the large increase (Δ?=?87.3 mm) of surficial displacement were both monitored in the same period. In the end, a four-level early warning system is established through utilizing H w and the displacement rate D r as the warning indicators. When the large deformation occurred in flood season, the habitants at the leading edge of the landslide can be evacuated in time. 相似文献
2.
大型滑坡灾害往往带来巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,开展滑坡灾害全过程数值模拟研究对滑坡风险定量评估具有重要意义。本文采用更新拉格朗日控制方程的物质点法,基于Drucker-Prager屈服准则下的理想弹塑性模型,考虑孔隙水压力效应推导等效内摩擦角,建立深圳“12 ·20”滑坡二维物质点法数值模型,再现了该滑坡失稳、运动和冲击过程。采用K均值聚类算法结合物质点的相对位移识别滑裂面,对滑坡运动过程中特征物质点速度变化进行分析,并参考泥石流冲击压力计算方法对滑坡运动物质的冲击压力和冲击荷载进行了初步计算。结果表明,物质点法模拟分析获得的深圳滑坡滑裂面形态、失稳和运动特征、冲击强度和堆积形态等与实际观察结果吻合较好,是再现滑坡稳定—失稳—运动—冲击—停积全生命周期的可靠数值模拟方法。 相似文献
3.
通过滑坡防治格构锚固大型物理模型试验,分析了土质滑坡格构锚杆体系在坡顶荷载下的变形和位移,揭示了格构锚杆的抗滑机制,探讨了锚固力与坡体位移及锚杆变形的关系,提出了极限锚固力的计算方法。结果表明：滑坡滑动时,格构梁与坡体整体发生旋转滑移,锚杆在滑面处发生了弯曲变形,处于弯曲和轴向拉伸组合变形状态;格构锚杆的抗滑作用表现为锚杆在滑面处的抗剪抗滑和锚杆格构梁的挡土阻滑;格构锚杆的极限锚固力由初始预应力、锚杆弯曲变形引起锚拉力、坡体位移引起锚拉力三部分组成,可通过公式 计算。该研究结果可为格构锚固体系的优化设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
4.
2021年2月7日,印度查莫利北部里希恒河发生高位冰岩山崩堵江溃决洪水灾害链,造成下游20 km外的水电站和桥梁设施破坏,死亡、失踪人口近200人。文章运用多期高分辨率遥感影像,对比分析了印度查莫利里希恒河流域高位冰岩山崩灾害发生前后滑源区、堆积区变化特征,初步探讨了山崩的运动过程。结果显示:2013年以前,崩滑体蠕滑位移量较小,其表面冰雪覆盖层裂缝发育不明显;2013—2017年,崩滑体蠕滑位移量显著增加,冰雪覆盖层可见多达62处大小不一的冰裂缝,最长513 m;2021年2月5日卫星影像显示这些冰裂缝已发生连接、贯通,最大宽度为15 m,并于2月7日发生失稳、破坏。据滑后遥感影像,该崩滑体由4组不同方向的大型结构面切割而成,面积约0.32 km2,平均厚度约为70 m,体积约23×106 m3。崩滑体失稳、解体后以碎屑流沿沟谷向下高速运动,受地形拦挡,部分碎屑颗粒在地形急变带堆积且形成堰塞坝。堰塞坝体溃决后,形成山洪灾害。 相似文献
5.
An extraordinarily large-scale landslide with a volume of about 200 million m3, a width of about 1,600 m, and a height of about 750 m occurred on 2004 March 26, 13:45 local time, on a steep caldera wall
on the northwest flank of Mt. Bawakaraeng (2,830 m) at the headwater of the Jeneberang River in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The debris avalanche extended about 7 km from the headwater and buried the river valley, causing devastating damage. There
are a great many calderas in the world, notably Japan. If a large-scale sector collapse were to occur in a heavily populated
area, it would be a devastating disaster for the people living in the area. The aim of this paper is to outline such a landslide
and explain its mechanism of occurrence. We evaluated the stability of the original slope before the landslide using the limit
equilibrium method and the finite-element-based shear strength reduction method (SSRFEM) with the strength reduction factor.
The limit equilibrium method showed that a rise in the groundwater level caused the landslide. Although the critical slip
surface predicted by the SSRFEM was shallower than that of the actual slip surface, the end positions of the actual and predicted
slip surfaces were almost the same. Moreover, the end position of the critical slip surface before the landslide—the headwater
of the Jeneberang River—was a knick point at which the slope inclination became steeper. SSRFEM analysis may be useful for
evaluating the slope stability of large-scale landslides, because the critical slip surface predicted by it was close to the
actual surface, even though we assumed homogenous conditions without information on the degree of weathering or ground properties.
As the knick point formed at the end of the critical slip surface and is equivalent to the end of the actual slip surface,
we assume such topographic features to be a primary geomorphologic cause of the landslide. 相似文献
6.
Earthquakes in mountainous areas may produce many landslides that involve abundant snow, but few observations have been made of these hazardous phenomena. The 12 March 2011 north Nagano Prefecture earthquake (MJMA 6.7) occurred in a mountainous part of Japan that typically has an annual snow cover of more than 2 m, and it induced many snowy landslides. Some of these traveled relatively long distances. We examined the snowy Tatsunokuchi landslide to reconstruct the landsliding processes over deep snow. We infer that the Tatsunokuchi landslide occurred by collapse of a rock debris mass of 5?×?104 m3 that plunged into the abundant snow, forming a mixture of snow and rock debris, which then traveled on top of the snow. Later, the displaced mass included a large amount of snow which was pushed forward at the front and to the sides. The velocity of the landslide was estimated to be approximately 14 m/s. It appears that the displaced mass, having only a small proportion of rock debris, had a low enough density to travel easily on top of the snow. Our observations suggest that there was much liquid water at the base of the displaced mass shortly after the event. Our results suggest that landslides may damage wider areas than expected if they travel over deep snow. 相似文献
7.
推移式滑坡形成机制的力学演绎 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于断裂力学、极限平衡理论建立推移式滑坡的破坏模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS对计算模型进行模拟,搜索到最危险滑动面,并认为滑坡是沿其贯通的。数值模拟的结果与推移式滑坡的实际破坏状态是比较吻合的,本方法对其他类型的滑坡形成机理的研究也有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
8.
Mechanism and failure process of Qianjiangping landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The Qianjiangping landslide is a large planar rock slide which occurred in July 14, 2003 shortly after the water level reached 135 m in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The landslide destroyed 4 factories and 129 houses, took 24 lives, and made 1,200 people homeless. Field investigation shows that the contributing factors for the landslide are the geological structure of the slope, the previous surface of rupture, the water level rise, and continuous rainfall. In order to reveal the mechanism and failure process of the landslide, numerical simulation was conducted on Qianjiangping slope before sliding. Based on the characteristics and the engineering conditions of the landslide, the topography and the geological profiles of Qianjiangping slope before sliding is reconstructed. The seepage field of Qianjiangping slope before sliding was simulated with the Geostudio software. The results show that ground water table rises and bends to the slope during the rise of water level, and the slope surface becomes partially saturated within the period of continuous rainfall. Using the ground water table obtained above, the failure process of Qianjiangping slope is simulated with the Flac3D software. The results demonstrate that the shear strain increment, displacement, and shear failure area of the slope increased greatly after the water level rose and continuous rained, and the landslide was triggered by the combined effect both of water level rise and continuous rainfall. The development of shear strain increment, displacement, and shear failure area of the slope shows that the landslide was retrogressive in the lower part of the slope and progressive in the upper part of the slope. 相似文献
9.
10.
金坪子滑坡是金沙江下游乌东德水电站下游方向距离大坝最近的一处巨型深厚崩坡积碎屑土古滑坡,以Ⅱ区活动部分为研究对象,在大量勘察试验成果以及长达11a的精确监测基础上,分析滑坡岩土体的物理力学性质以及滑坡的长期动态特征,特别是滑坡与降雨和地下水的动态响应关系,并基于Green-Ampt降雨入渗模型研究了降雨直接入渗补给地下水的可能性,利用极限平衡法探讨了理想刚塑性条件下该滑坡所受力的平衡关系,进而分析滑坡的活动机理。研究结果表明,滑坡的长期持续活动是滑带土黏性流变特征的表现,地表和深部位移均表现为牵引活动模式,地表自2005~2016年的平均位移速率为0.19~0.87mm ·d-1,深部以基底滑动为主,不同部位具有不同程度的内部变形。降雨是影响滑坡动态的最主要因素,在理想情况下,降雨很难直接入渗补给滑区地下水,地下水动态变化缓慢,与滑坡活动有一定正相关关系,但作用并不显著。与一些动态特征直接受地下水位影响的浅层低速滑坡不同,金坪子Ⅱ区的活动机理更可能是降雨在滑坡上部一定深度范围内形成暂态饱和区,滑体容重和渗透作用的变化影响了滑坡的动态。 相似文献
11.
Summary Direct shear tests were conducted on a granite to granite interface for the purpose of tracing the evolution of frictional resistance as the initially smooth and polished surface wears during continuing shearing displacement. At the moment when sliding on the freshly manufactured interface starts (first slip), the friction angle is very low, between 15° and 20°, but then it increases with displacement rapidly without reaching a peak in the first test (maximum displacement less than 25 mm). Upon repeated shearing of the same surface (without re-finishing), this process of displacement-strengthening continues until a total accumulated displacement of about one half of one meter is reached. At this point, the angle of friction would typically be between 42° and 44°.Once the residual surface was established, the effect of time-related parameters, the duration of stationary contact under constant normal and shear load and variable displacement rate, were investigated. The frictional resistance is shown to increase with decreasing displacement rate and to increase with the duration of stationary contact.At a normal load greater than about one half of one MPa, shear displacement on a residual surface proceeds in an unstable, stick-slip manner. The change from stable to unstable sliding, that can be effected by either decreasing the sliding velocity or increasing the normal load, is not instantaneous, but occurs over a finite amount of displacement. 相似文献
12.
三福高速公路K201滑坡病害的应急工程效果与根治工程对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三福高速公路尤溪段K201滑坡是在持续暴雨影响下引起前缘老滑坡复活,并牵引扩大发展,形成高速公路路基坡体变形破坏的岩石滑坡;经滑坡后部刷方减载的应急抢险措施有效控制了滑坡变形快速发展的趋势,并通过路面裂缝位移监测评价了应急减载的工程效果;深部位移监测成果确定了滑面的确切位置,监控了滑坡的发展趋势;滑带强度指标的反演分析和滑坡的稳定性计算进一步揭示滑坡经应急减载后虽处于相对稳定状态,但在暴雨期不利工况条件下,仍存在变形恢复和失稳破坏的可能;通过多方案计算比较和论证分析,确定了路肩锚桩加固的根治工程对策,并经过一年的工后坡体深部位移监测证明了该治理方案的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
13.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using a modified decision tree classifier in the Xanthi Perfection,Greece 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The objective of this study was to validate the outcomes of a modified decision tree classifier by comparing the produced landslide susceptibility map and the actual landslide occurrence, in an area of intensive landslide manifestation, in Xanthi Perfection, Greece. The values that concerned eight landslide conditioning factors for 163 landslides and 163 non-landslide locations were extracted by using advanced spatial GIS functions. Lithological units, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, distance from tectonic features, distance from hydrographic network, distance from geological boundaries and distance from road network were among the eight landslide conditioning factors that were included in the landslide database used in the training phase. In the present study, landslide and non-landslide locations were randomly divided into two subsets: 80 % of the data (260 instances) were used for training and 20 % of the data (66 instances) for validating the developed classifier. The outcome of the decision tree classifier was a set of rules that expressed the relationship between landslide conditioning factors and the actual landslide occurrence. The landslide susceptibility belief values were obtained by applying a statistical method, the certainty factor method, and by measuring the belief in each rule that the decision tree classifier produced, transforming the discrete type of result into a continuous value that enabled the generation of a landslide susceptibility belief map. In total, four landslide susceptibility maps were produced using the certainty factor method, the Iterative Dichotomizer version 3 algorithm, the J48 algorithm and the modified Iterative Dichotomizer version 3 model in order to evaluate the performance of the developed classifier. The validation results showed that area under the ROC curves for the models varied from 0.7936 to 0.8397 for success rate curve and 0.7766 to 0.8035 for prediction rate curves, respectively. The success rate and prediction curves showed that the modified Iterative Dichotomizer version 3 model had a slightly higher performance with 0.8397 and 0.8035, respectively. From the outcomes of the study, it was induced that the developed modified decision tree classifier could be efficiently used for landslide susceptibility analysis and in general might be used for classification and estimation purposes in spatial predictive models. 相似文献
14.
降雨量和位移是当前降雨型滑坡监测预警最常用的指标。然而,降雨量和位移监测结果只能反映降雨作用下滑坡的变形情况,不能揭示滑坡内在物理力学性状对降雨的响应。因此,除降雨量和位移监测之外,建立包括体积含水率、基质吸力等反映滑坡动态演化过程的关键指标监测体系必将成为今后更真实地把握滑坡内在演化趋势、更准确地建立滑坡综合预警判据的最有效手段。笔者对赣南地区典型降雨型滑坡进行了多指标监测及综合预警示范研究。结果表明:(1)在降雨条件下滑坡土体内部体积含水率、基质吸力和温度等多指标均产生有规律的动态响应;(2)随着降雨的持续,滑体体积含水率与基质吸力的变化均具有显著的滞后现象;(3)体积含水率和基质吸力变化速率与滑体位移具有显著的正相关性;(4)滑体温度分布变化规律受大气温度和体积含水率的共同影响。以实测数据的滑坡稳定性分析为基准,在考虑实际降雨入渗深度与滑坡稳定性的关联度上,建立了包括日降雨量、体积含水率增加速率、基质吸力减小速率以及位移速度多元指标预警方法体系,提出了基于关键指标综合预警体系及确定方法,旨在为降雨滑坡准确预警提供新模式。 相似文献
15.
推移式滑坡演化过程模型试验与数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用MTS电液伺服加载与控制系统对推移式滑坡物理模型后缘进行了分级推力加载,完成了推移式滑坡演化全过程的模拟。基于三维激光扫描技术对滑体表面的位移和变形进行了高精度、全方位、非连续性监测。采用多重分形基本理论对监测点云数据进行了系统分析,从试验的角度探讨了推移式滑坡演化过程中位移多重分形维数的变化特征。模型试验结果表明：推移式滑坡变形破坏以沿滑带发生的整体滑移为主,并表现出明显的演化阶段性特征,大致可划分为3个阶段：（1）后缘压缩阶段：滑坡模型表面变形体现为后缘土体的局部前移与隆起,整体变形小,多重分形维数成降维的特征,降维过程中未发生突变、有序性好;（2）匀速变形阶段：滑坡模型表面产生了明显的位移,变形不断向前和向两侧发展,前缘、中部滑体发生隆起现象,多重分形维数表现出先减后增的趋势;（3）加速变形阶段：滑坡模型表面体现出持续、快速、变化鲜明的整体变形特征,伴随出现滑坡模型中前部隆起带及横向、纵向的隆胀裂缝,多重分形维数成增维趋势。基于模型试验,利用FLAC3D进行了推移式滑坡演化过程的动态数值模拟,验证了滑坡演化的阶段性特征,揭示了推移式滑坡演化过程中稳定性系数非线性递减的规律。 相似文献
16.
The mechanism of the 1941 Tsaoling landslide, Taiwan: insight from a 2D discrete element simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chao-Lung Tang Jyr-Ching Hu Ming-Lang Lin Ren-Mao Yuan Ching-Chuan Cheng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1005-1019
Tsaoling is located in Southwestern Taiwan, 10 km east of the frontal thrusts of the mountain belt. Five large historical landslide events were recorded from 1862 to 1999. No details of the earliest landslide event (1862) are available, thus this paper deals with the 1941 landslide event. Using the Particle Flow Code in two dimensions (PFC 2D) to simulate the mechanism of the Tsaoling landslide in 1941, this study shows that the landslide block developed cracks and slid down 0.2–1.8 m on the sliding plane. The cracks concentrated in certain zones, which corresponded to future landslide detachment planes. During the vibration simulation, the cracks spread from the shear plane to ground surface. Monitoring the variations of the displacements, velocity, and stress during vibration simulation showed that the peak velocity and stress in the transition zones occurred at 3 s. The displacement of the left part of the block exceeded 1.3 m, and the displacement of the right part was less than 1.3 m during vibration simulation. These results suggest that the left part of the block was pushed down by the right part, ultimately inducing a landslide during an earthquake. 相似文献
17.
西安金盆水库放水塔附近滑坡特征及成因分析 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
放水塔附近滑坡是金盆水库右岸原1号滑坡体下游边界段的残留体,受短期强降水因素的诱发导致坡体变形、失稳滑动。滑坡体具顺层牵引滑动特征,且平面上,不同区段变形破坏程度不同,其表现形式与坡体平面旋转有一定的相似性。坡体滑动主要受4组结构面的控制,其中的软弱片理结构面（产状1501703555）与产状为2302903555的另一组结构面构成滑坡的滑动控制面。基岩内发育的大量的软弱片理结构面,大气强降水,滑坡上部相对平缓的地貌及人类工程对地表植被环境的破坏,滑坡体下部喷护层的存在等因素的综合影响,导致了坡体的失稳滑动。 相似文献
18.
在滑坡稳定性分析和设计计算中往往选用滑带土的残余强度值,但许多研究发现滑带土在稳定期会有自愈合现象发生,表现为抗剪强度的提高。对于以蠕滑为主的红层滑坡,自愈合恢复值应该在滑坡稳定性评价中予以考虑。通过对典型红层滑坡滑带土样进行“剪切―保持―剪切”试验,研究处于残余状态下的剪切面在不同法向应力、不同保持时间下的愈合情况,并进行相应的分析与讨论。试验结果表明：（1）残余状态下的土样在保持一定时间后再次剪切出现明显峰值,证明了剪切面自愈合效应存在,但是继续剪切时恢复的强度随位移快速消失;（2）随着保持时间的增长,剪切面的强度恢复值越来越大;（3）剪切面的自愈合相比法向应力更依赖于保持时间。将得到的摩擦系数值运用断层强度恢复经验公式拟合,提出不同法向应力下常数A的取值,可在滑坡安全系数计算中参考。 相似文献
19.
金鸡岭滑坡在暴雨后发生明显变形,通过现场勘察、钻探、物探、深部位移监测以及水平位移监测得出初步结论。为进一步查明该滑坡成因机制,通过解译现有勘察监测资料,结合Midas-GTS软件分析不同工况下滑坡的渗流场、位移场、稳定性计算,综合评价其成因机制。结果如下：（1）物探解译得出金鸡岭滑坡为岩土混合、含水滑坡,滑动面位于T2b1泥灰岩和T2b2泥岩分界线;（2）深部位移监测揭示该滑坡为浅表层土体在发生滑移,滑动面与物探解译得出的滑动面位置一致;（3）水平位移监测表明浅表分布的后梆滑坡和潘家岭滑坡变形速率较快,变形强烈;（4）数值模拟结果显示金鸡岭滑坡在现状工况下处于基本稳定状态;在排干地下水工况下处于基本稳定状态;在暴雨工况下处于欠稳定状态,可能产生整体滑移,其上的潘家岭滑坡及后梆滑坡产生土体次级滑移。（5）金鸡岭滑坡的地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性、为滑坡的形成和发展提供了物源和场地条件,暴雨和人类工程活动作为诱发因素,进一步加剧滑坡变形。该研究成果将为三峡库区类似滑坡的成因机制与稳定性分析提供理论依据,对后期防治措施具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
20.
在被动微波雪水当量反演中,积雪物理参数随时间的变化特征影响着反演精度,为理解积雪随时间演化的特征及其对微波辐射亮温的影响,本研究选用2009—2013年北欧积雪实验（Nordic Snow Radar Experiment, NoSREx）积雪地面观测和微波辐射测量数据,通过雪深和温度把雪期分为积累期（10月—次年2月）、稳定期（2—4月）和消融期（4—5月）,发现各个雪期的积雪演化特征为：雪颗粒形状在积累期前期以融态颗粒（Melt Forms, MF）为主,积累期后期和稳定期以圆形颗粒、片状颗粒、深霜为主,消融期以MF为主;整个雪季底层雪粒径从小变大再变小的过程,粒径最大值出现在稳定期的2至3月,约为2.5~4.0 mm,均出现在近地表雪层,而表层粒径较小且较为稳定。通过雪深和微波亮度差（18~37 GHz）的关系分析,表明亮温差在不同雪期对于雪深的依赖关系不同,在积累期和稳定期,雪深变化与亮温差变化具有明显的正相关;在消融期由于积雪融化的影响,其相关性较差;基于多层积雪微波辐射模型（MEMLS）构建了一维微波辐射模拟环境,模拟表明MEMLS模型在3个雪期的垂直极化10.65 GHz和18.7 GHz模拟结果较37 GHz和90 GHz更好;10.65 GHz V极化在入射角为50°且稳定期时,微波亮温模拟均方根误差（RMSE）结果最小,为2.49 K。3个雪期90 GHz模拟结果水平极化优于垂直极化,由于受表层积雪变化影响,90 GHz模拟结果较不稳定,尤其是消融期时,RMSE最小也达到了42.7 K。本研究有助于理解积雪随时间演化的特征及其对微波辐射模拟的影响,表明在被动微波雪水当量反演算法中,针对不同积雪期需要考虑积雪演化动态过程。 相似文献