共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
本文根据垄青石晶体结构特点和有关热力学资料,建立了堇青石热膨胀系数的理论计算模式:半定量计算方法,α=αMgO × 1/3 × 2/3;定量计算方法,α=ΔS/ΔT/2/(a × b).分别计算了堇青石、印度石的线热膨胀系数,半定量计算结果:α=3.31 × 10-6℃-1(堇青石、印度石);定量计算结果,a=1.54 × 10-6℃-1(堇青石),α=0.85 × 10-6℃-1(印度石),与实验测定结果(堇青石:α=2.3 × 10-6℃-1,印度石:α=1.0 × 10-6℃-1)吻合。 相似文献
2.
兴蒙造山带中部二叠纪火山岩分布广泛,主要岩性为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及火山碎屑岩等,记录了兴蒙造山带晚古生代的构造演化。本文在内蒙古东部林东一带识别出一组新的高镁安山岩,对其开展了地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究,以探讨其岩石成因和地质意义。该高镁安山岩呈灰黑色—灰色,斑状结构,气孔-杏仁构造,斑晶矿物组合主要为斜长石(15%-20%),斜方辉石(5%-10%),单斜辉石(5%)和角闪石(5%),基质中有较多磁铁矿和钛铁矿等,指示富水、氧化的岩浆特点。锆石U-Pb年龄为253±1-255±1 Ma(2σ),εHf(t)=+7.8-+14.3,全岩SiO2含量52.3%-56.5%,具高的MgO (7.2%-12.7%),Cr (264×10-6-382×10-6),Ni (168×10-6-407×10-6),Ba (318×10-6-1130×10-6)和Sr (288×10-6-906×10-6)含量,Mg#为60.0-77.2,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70348-0.70454,εNd(t)=+3.79-+7.57,与赞岐型(sanukite)高镁安山岩地球化学特征相似,揭示其岩浆起源于俯冲交代的地幔;同时,全岩所具有的高La/Sm比值(1.68-8.67),指示可能有沉积组分的贡献。我们解释这些高镁安山岩的形成与俯冲的沉积物析出富水流体交代岩石圈地幔的部分熔融有关。此外,与高镁安山岩伴生的玄武岩具有典型的岛弧火山岩特征。因此,我们认为林东高镁安山岩及其伴生的玄武岩形成于岛弧环境,并与古亚洲洋向北俯冲有关,为古亚洲洋最终闭合提供了年代学和岩石学约束。 相似文献
3.
安徽沿江地区晚石炭世黄龙组白云岩广泛发育,主要为晶粒白云岩,其次是角砾白云岩和残余颗粒白云岩。地球化学分析表明,安徽沿江地区黄龙组白云岩中Fe、Mn、Sr、Na含量分别为:2 567×10-6(1 600×10-6～4 400×10-6)、353×10-6(166×10-6～742×10-6)、109.7×10-6(69.0×10-6～176.5×10-6)、288×10-6(100×10-6～700×10-6),稀土元素总量为7.29×10-6(2.56×10-6～20.82×10-6),ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值平均为3.07(1.16～10.17),经海水标准化后,显示LREE富集,HREE相对亏损,δCe平均为4.53(2.82～7.78),正异常显著,δEu平均为1.85(0.94～2.92),配分模式曲线显示白云岩化流体来自海水。白云岩中可见蒸发岩类或蒸发构造。综合分析认为该地区白云岩主要为准同生成因,部分为埋藏成岩成因,其中角砾白云岩为准同生成因,怀宁地区白云岩δEu平均为2.38(1.91～2.92),正异常显著,表明后期受到热液流体影响。 相似文献
4.
鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系深层具有良好的勘探潜力,中寒武统张夏组为寒武系勘探的重要目的层系。通过野外剖面详测和岩心、薄片观察及实验分析,对张夏组储层的特征、成因及主控因素进行了分析和研究,并预测了有利储层发育区。研究表明:①张夏组主要发育台缘鲕粒白云岩和台内鲕粒白云岩2类储层。②台缘带鲕粒滩累计厚度集中在50~300 m之间,鲕粒粒径平均为1.25 mm,鲕粒白云岩储集空间以溶蚀孔洞、粒间溶孔和晶间(溶)孔为主,平均测井孔隙度和渗透率分别为2.0%和0.038×10-3μm2。③台内鲕粒滩厚度在50~120 m之间,鲕粒粒径平均为0.85 mm,鲕粒白云岩储集空间以溶蚀孔洞、粒间溶孔为主,平均测井孔隙度和渗透率分别为3.3%和2.787×10-3μm2。④张夏组储层受鲕粒滩相、白云石化以及三级/四级层序界面控制,台缘规模有利储层发育在四级海退层序中上部的鲕粒白云岩地层中,台内规模有利储层发育在寒武系顶部不整合面之下的鲕粒白云岩地层中。预测台缘岐山—旬邑一带和台内陇东地区为两大规模有利储层发育区。 相似文献
5.
燕辽地区串岭沟组中上部保存有华北克拉通中元古代第一套大面积发育的黑色页岩,沉积于潮间带中下部,标志着该克拉通自形成以来最重要的海进过程,也是地球中年期早期阶段大气-海洋环境状态的特殊记录者。本文对蓟县八仙山剖面串岭沟组三段黑色页岩和顶部碳质白云岩开展了全岩主、微量元素和总有机碳(TOC)含量测定,认为其源区主要来自风化的长英质陆源碎屑物质。黑色页岩的TOC含量(平均值1.12%)、氧化还原敏感金属元素V(平均值82.6×10-6)、Cr(平均值73.9×10-6)、Ni(平均值29.8×10-6)含量明显高于碳质白云岩(TOC、V、Cr、Ni含量均值分别为0.47%、29.6×10-6、26.4×10-6、11.7×10-6)。此外,二者的氧化还原参数Corg/P分别为62.94和39.44,V/Cr值与沉积层位明显负相关,表明不同深度海水的氧化还原状态略有变化,但V/Cr-Th/U仍均落入富氧范围。研究结果表明,至少串岭沟组黑色页岩... 相似文献
6.
油气储层的质量及演化往往受沉积作用和成岩作用的共同制约,成岩作用是影响储层孔渗最直接的因素,水-岩反应贯穿于整个成岩作用阶段,决定了孔渗的演化过程。本次研究以鄂尔多斯盆地东北部上古生界陆源碎屑岩储层下石盒子组-山西组为对象,运用多相流反应溶质运移数值模拟的方法,定量研究水-岩化学作用对含油气盆地储层渗透性能的影响,再现水-岩反应所造成的储层矿物溶解、沉淀以及储层渗透性的变化。结果表明：在成岩作用初期,矿物溶解过程占主导地位,模型运行50 Ma时,储层孔隙度由初始的0.30增至0.36,渗透率由初始的5.00×10-15 m2增至8.70×10-15 m2;在油气充注阶段（气体CO2为主）,整个成岩作用矿物的沉淀量大于矿物的溶解量,导致固相体积增加,模型运行20 Ma时,储层孔隙度由0.20降低至约0.15,渗透率由5.00×10-13 m2下降至约2.00×10-13 m2。 相似文献
7.
西昆仑山库地变质橄榄岩块是肢解了的震旦纪一早古生代蛇绿岩碎片。变质橄榄岩以残斑结构为主,呈现粗粗结构向残班结构的过渡和残斑结构向板状等粒结构的过渡。此岩石有明显的变形结构,橄榄石变形时的滑移系为{0kl}[100].橄揽石发育有代表高温(800℃以上)的位错构造,也有代表低温的位错构造。表明此变质橄榄岩经受了上地幔环境下发生的高温塑性流变和侵位过程中及侵位后所经受的低温高应变速率条件下的变形。上地幔环境下变形时的差异应力约为80MPa,应变速率约为1.96×10-12s-1-7.03×10-10s-1.此变质橄榄岩代表由大陆裂谷发展起来的洋盆下的地幔,产出的构造环境为洋脊-裂谷带。 相似文献
8.
美国Stillwater岩体是全球典型的大型层状岩体之一,由底部基底岩系、超镁铁岩系和条带状岩系组成。本文分析了该岩体不同岩石类型中橄榄石、辉石、铬铁矿及全岩的镍(Ni)、钴(Co)含量变化并揭示其控制因素。在超镁铁岩系内,橄榄石的Ni、Co含量分别为2070×10-6～3019×10-6和105×10-6～205×10-6,铬铁矿的Ni、Co含量分别为434×10-6～1843×10-6和221×10-6～737×10-6,均高于共生的斜方辉石(Ni:464×10-6～678×10-6;Co:31×10-6～95×10-6)及单斜辉石(Ni:237×10-6～378×10-6;Co:15×10-6～45×10-6)。从岩体剖面上来看,最底... 相似文献
9.
通过1∶5万区域地质调查及典型剖面研究,在滇中禄劝地区二叠系峨眉山组顶部识别出一套厚约20～50 m不等的Nb、Co、Ga、Zr及REE超常富集层。富集层主要岩性为灰紫色泥岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰岩,局部夹杏仁状玄武岩。通过对禄劝万鲁布、撒角海一带的富集层刻槽分析显示,Nb2O5含量在82.4×10-6～120.1×10-6,平均值为100.3×10-6,大于风化壳型矿床一般工业指标80×10-6;Ga含量28.8×10-6～35.6×10-6,平均值为32.1×10-6,高于现行的Ga矿资源工业指标要求30×10-6;REE含量在360×10-6～510×10-6,平均值为440.6×10-6,接近风化壳型矿床一般工业指标500×10-6;并呈现出泥岩→凝灰质泥岩→凝灰岩关键金属含量依... 相似文献
10.
秦岭造山带是一条复合型大陆碰撞造山带,存在若干新元古代构造岩浆事件的遗迹,它们对深化认识南北秦岭汇聚-碰撞过程和Rodinia超大陆聚合具有重要意义。本文对南秦岭东部豆腐尖岩体英云闪长岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学研究。代表性样品的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为860.7±6.0Ma,表明其形成时代为新元古代。岩石地球化学特征表现为高SiO2(62.41%-68.89%)、高Al2O3(15.33%-17.33%),富Na2O(4.23%-5.80%)和高Na2O/K2O比值(1.11-2.41),富Sr(>400×10-6),低MgO(0.55%-2.08%),低Y(7.40×10-6-18.20×10-6)、Yb(0.63×10-6-1.62×10-6),高Sr/Y比值(31.49-78.22),轻稀土元素显著富集[(La/Yb)N>20],弱Eu正异常,具埃达克质岩特征。较高的K2O含量(2.00%-4.31%)和低MgO以及显著的高La/Yb比值等特征指示,其具有典型高钾钙碱性埃达克质岩特征,很可能源于加厚下地壳的部分熔融,推测该岩体形成时南秦岭地壳厚度可能达到65 km。结合区域地质资料,认为豆腐尖岩体形成于陆-陆碰撞环境,是新元古代松树沟洋盆闭合后北秦岭和南秦岭碰撞造山的产物,是Rodinia超大陆聚合事件在该地区的岩浆响应。新元古代早期商南豆腐尖高钾钙碱性埃达克质岩的首次识别为限定南-北秦岭碰撞事件提供了有力约束。 相似文献
11.
广西北山岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙地下水流数值模拟初探 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文从水动力学角度分析各种岩溶含水介质中的水流特征,将其归纳为储水介质、导水介质和控水介质,并根据折算渗透系数ＫＬ的概念和建立耦合达西流和百达西流于一体的岩溶管道－裂隙－孔隙三重介质地下水模型,对广西环江北山矿区岩溶含水系统进行了初步探讨。北山实例的模拟结果表明,三重介质模型较全面地刻画了岩溶水动态的特征,反映了相对均匀裂隙流与控制性管道流并存、线性流与非线性流相互转变的运动特点,不仅理论上比较合 相似文献
12.
Three different types of permeability tests were conducted on 23 intact and singly jointed rock specimens, which were cored from rock blocks collected from a rock cavern under construction in Singapore. The studied rock types belong to inter-bedded meta-sandstone and meta-siltstone with very low porosity and high uniaxial compressive strength. The transient pulse water flow method was employed to measure the permeability of intact meta-sandstone under a confining pressure up to 30 MPa. It showed that the magnitude order of meta-sandstone’s intrinsic permeability is about 10?18 m2. The steady-state gas flow method was used to measure the permeability of both intact meta-siltstone and meta-sandstone in a triaxial cell under different confining pressures spanning from 2.5 to 10 MPa. The measured permeability of both rock types ranged from 10?21 to 10?20 m2. The influence of a single natural joint on the permeability of both rock types was studied by using the steady-state water flow method under different confining pressures spanning from 1.25 to 5.0 MPa, including loading and unloading phases. The measured permeability of both jointed rocks ranged from 10?13 to 10?11 m2, where the permeability of jointed meta-siltstone was usually slightly lower than that of jointed meta-sandstone. The permeability of jointed rocks decreases with increasing confining pressure, which can be well fitted by an empirical power law relationship between the permeability and confining pressure or effective pressure. The permeability of partly open cracked specimens is lower than that of open cracked specimens, but it is higher than that of the specimen with a dominant vein for the meta-sandstone under the same confining pressure. The permeability of open cracked rock specimens will partially recover during the unloading confining pressure process. The equivalent crack (joint) aperture is as narrow as a magnitude order of 10?6 m (1 μm) in the rock specimens under confining pressures spanning from 1.25 to 5.0 MPa, which represent the typical ground stress conditions in the cavern. The in situ hydraulic conductivity measurements conducted in six boreholes by the injection test showed that the in situ permeability of rock mass varies between 10?18 and 10?11 m2. The lower bound of the in situ permeability is larger than that of the present laboratory-tested intact rock specimens, while the upper bound of the in situ permeability is less than that of the present laboratory-tested jointed rock specimens. The in situ permeability test results were thus compatible with our present laboratory permeability results of both intact and jointed rock specimens. 相似文献
13.
Damage and Permeability Development in Coal During Unloading 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hai-Dong Chen Cheng Yuan-Ping Hong-Xing Zhou Wei Li 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1377-1390
One of the key issues in protective seam mining is the pressure relief and permeability improvement effect. In this paper, the results of X-ray CT scanning experiments and permeability experiments using reconstituted coal specimens subjected to the same stress path and the same effective confining pressure (confining pressure minus pore pressure) are combined using the stress–strain relationship to study the damage to reconstituted coal specimens and its influence on permeability during the unloading process. When the effective confining pressure (σ 3 ? p) is unloaded from 8 to 6 MPa and the deviatoric stress increases, the damage variables will increase by 0.0351 and 0.084, respectively, compared with the unloading point under the fixed axial displacement with unloading confining pressure (FADUCP) and fixed deviatoric stress with unloading confining pressure (FDSUCP) stress paths. At the same time, the permeability increased by 1.7 and 16.7 %, respectively. Therefore, the damage variable and permeability increased notably little in this process. After the effective confining pressure is unloaded to approximately 5 MPa, together with the decrease in the deviatoric stress, the growth of the damage variable and permeability begins to accelerate. In addition, the relative decrease in the deviatoric stress with appearing damage cracks, and the relative increase in permeability with the same amount of effective confining pressure being unloaded, shows that the damage to specimens under the FDSUCP stress path is larger than that from the FADUCP stress path. 相似文献
14.
Hydrogeochemical simulation is an effective method to study water-rock interaction. In this paper, PHREEQM was used for the
simulation of water-rock interaction under water flooding in the Renqiu Oilfield. Calculated results revealed that when fresh
water was injected into the reservoir, Cl− and Na+ would decrease without involvement in water-rock interaction. Erosion to dolomite will lead to an increase in Ca2+, Mg2+ and CaHCO
3
+
. Saturation index of calcite and aragonite decreased first and then increased. With fresh water accounting for up to 70%,
mixed water has the strongest erosion ability. Deoiled water has erosion ability under high temperature and high partial pressure
of CO2. Pyrite and gypsum were sensitive to deoiled water, which can cause the dissolution of pyrite and the precipitation of gypsum.
Micrographs revealed a great deal of information about water-rock interaction.
The project was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49672159). 相似文献
15.
应力路径试验前后不同黄土的孔隙分形特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解不同黄土孔隙形状复杂程度的差异和应力路径对孔隙形状复杂程度的影响,对两种黄土应力路径前后孔隙分形特征进行了研究。首先比较了3种分维模型所得孔隙分形维数的可靠性,然后选用热力学关系模型,由进汞、退汞试验得到地裂缝区黄土、充填黄土初始样和三轴应力路径试验后的孔隙分布,据此分析了两种土体进汞孔隙和退汞孔隙分形维数的差异和受载后的分形维数变化,根据退汞过程仅管形孔内的汞流出及孔隙由管形孔和球形孔组成的假定,得到了应力路径试验前后孔隙形状的改变。结果表明,热力学关系模型得到的孔隙分形维数合理、可靠。初始状态,原状和重塑充填黄土的孔隙形状比原状和重塑黄土复杂;常规三轴试验后试样孔隙比减少,孔隙分形维数增加,球形孔向管形孔转变;相对于常规三轴压缩试验,减围压三轴压缩试验后试样的孔隙分形维数较小,管形孔占总孔隙的体积比例较少;总体上管形孔的分形维数比球形孔大,且基本不受应力路径的影响,其占总孔隙的体积比例随着试样宏观孔隙比的减少而增加。 相似文献
16.
Dolomite aggregates deformed by dislocation creep over a wide range of conditions (T = 700–1000 °C, effective pressure of 900 MPa, strain rates of 10−7 – 10−4/s) strain weaken by up to 75% of the peak differential stress. Microstructural study of samples shortened to different finite strains beyond the peak differential stress shows that strain becomes highly localized within shear zones by high-temperature creep processes, with no contribution of brittle cracking. At low strains (8%), dolomite deforms homogeneously by recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep. At progressively higher sample strains, deformation is localized into narrow shear zones made up of very fine (∼3 μm) recrystallized grains and relict porphyroclasts (20–100 μm). Finely-recrystallized dolomite grains in the shear zones are largely dislocation free and localized shear is facilitated by diffusion creep. In contrast, original dolomite grains and porphyroclasts in shear zones have high dislocation densities and do not deform after shear zone formation. Calculated strain rates in the shear zones are two to three orders of magnitude faster than the imposed bulk strain rate of the samples and these strain rates are consistent with predictions of the diffusion creep flow law for fine-grained dolomite. 相似文献
17.
Pinki Hazarika Amrita Yadav Sukanta Roy 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(6):728-732
The Koyna region located in the west coast of India is a classic example of reservoir triggered seismicity (RTS) that started soon after the impoundment of the Koyna reservoir in 1962. Previous studies have shown that RTS can be explained in terms of stress and pore pressure changes due to poroelastic response of the rock matrix. The permeability of rock matrix is a key parameter for pore pressure diffusion which is mainly responsible for generation of stress perturbation related to seismicity. Based on the poroelastic theory, we employ 2-D finite element models to simulate the evolution of pore pressure up to 5 years after the reservoir impoundment in 1962, using a range in permeability, 10?16–10?14 m2. Constraints on material properties of Deccan basalt and granitic rocks were taken from available studies. The results show the formation of pore pressure front and its propagation with depth and time since the reservoir impoundment as a function of permeability. While a permeability of 10?16 m2 does not produce any significant change in pore pressure, a ten-fold increase in permeability produces significant changes up to a depth of 2 km only beneath the reservoir after 5 years of impoundment. Permeability values between 10?15 m2 and 10?14 m2 are required to induce critical pore pressure changes in the range 0.1–1 MPa up to depth of 10 km, capable of triggering earthquakes in a critically stressed region. Studies on core samples of granitic basement rock down to a depth of 1522 m in the Koyna region provide evidences of fracture zones that may contribute to water channelization. Direct measurements of material properties through the ongoing deep drilling programme would help to develop more realistic models of RTS. 相似文献
18.
裂缝是影响储层高产、稳产的重要因素,而储层处在复杂的地质环境中,裂缝的形成和发育受众多因素的影响,研究各因素间的耦合作用对储层裂缝发育的影响,对指导油气勘探开发具有重要意义。为此,针对任丘油田任11井区雾迷山组碳酸盐岩储层进行了渗流-应力耦合作用对储层裂缝发育的影响研究。研究结果表明:未考虑渗流-应力耦合作用时,研究区最大水平主应力范围为82~100 MPa,从西南到东北逐渐增大;最小水平主应力范围为72~88 MPa,从研究区中心向西南、东北两侧逐渐递增;考虑耦合作用后,研究区最大水平主应力范围为84~102 MPa,最小水平主应力范围为76~91 MPa,最大及最小水平主应力增加。渗流-应力耦合作用后,研究区裂缝发育指数分布在0.027~1.156之间,山头顶部和近东西向断层的内部区域裂缝发育指数在0.7左右,为裂缝较发育区域;而研究区西南和东北边缘区域裂缝发育指数在0.2以下,为裂缝欠发育区域。随着耦合作用时间的增长,储层裂缝发育指数逐渐增大,在注入井和产油井附近区域的裂缝发育指数增大幅度尤为明显;储层裂缝线密度也呈增大趋势,仅产油井周围的裂缝线密度呈现为先减小后增大的趋势;未考虑耦合作用时的储层裂缝参数小于考虑耦合作用后的裂缝参数,说明仅考虑应力场进行储层裂缝预测所得结果偏小。 相似文献
19.
藏北羌塘盆地羌资2井中侏罗统布曲组碳酸盐岩岩石学及储集物性特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文讨论了羌塘盆地羌资2井中侏罗统布曲组碳酸盐岩岩石学及储集物性特征。碳酸盐岩主要有亮晶鲕粒灰岩、白云岩、泥晶灰岩, 以及他们之间的过渡类型; 储集空间主要有孔隙与裂缝两种类型, 表现为孔隙—裂缝组合。孔隙可分为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间孔、晶间溶孔、沿缝合线等分布的溶孔; 裂缝可 分为构造缝、构造—溶解缝、压溶缝和溶蚀缝。亮晶鲕粒灰岩孔隙度平均值1.084%, 渗透率平均值0.0319× 10-3 mm2; 白云岩孔隙度平均值1.77%, 渗透率平均值0.1591×10-3 mm2; 储集物性特征均为低孔低渗、高排替压力、微-细喉道、分选中等-不好的负偏态细歪度特征。泥晶灰岩和过渡类型灰岩的储集物性特征与亮晶鲕粒灰岩和白云岩相似。最后, 讨论了成岩作用对碳酸盐岩储集物性的影响, 并认为成岩作用对储集物性的不利影响明显大于有利影响。 相似文献
20.
我国盐穴地下储气库一般建设于富含泥质夹层的湖相沉积盐岩中,由于泥质夹层的孔隙率和渗透率均大于盐岩,因此其渗透性能对储气库的密闭性起控制作用。夹层的沉积特性一般沿水平展布,据此建立多夹层盐穴储气库渗漏分析理论模型。依据某储气库泥岩夹层的孔渗测试数据,并结合实际运行参数进行天然气渗漏计算。再利用以上研究成果分析气体渗漏范围和泄漏量的影响因素及变化规律,并对储气库选址及设计中的几个关键参数展开适用性评价,如储库离盐矿边界及断层的安全距离、相邻储气库安全矿柱宽度等。研究表明：泥质夹层孔隙压力的变化趋势表现为沿径向先急剧降低,而后趋于稳定;某时刻气体渗流范围和泄漏量由夹层渗透参数、渗透介质以及初始孔隙压力共同决定;渗流的影响范围随着时间的增加而逐渐增大,最终也趋于稳定。研究结果可为多夹层盐穴储气库选址、设计及密封性评价提供理论和技术支撑。 相似文献