共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
水均衡法验证蒸散量计算的可靠性——以张掖盆地为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
蒸散量的计算方法有很多种,表面能量平衡系统(SEBS)是近年来应用较为广泛的计算蒸散量的方法之一。SEBS是应用卫星对地观测的可见光、近红外和热红外波段资料,结合实测气象数据或大气模式输出数据,根据表面能量平衡原理估算不同尺度的地表大气湍流通量,从而估算地表相对蒸散的一种方法。将水文数据与遥感数据相结合,运用SEBS方法对张掖盆地的区域蒸散量进行了估算,并在水均衡原理的基础上,对蒸散量计算结果的准确性进行了验证。结果表明:SEBS方法计算的蒸散量与水均衡法计算出的蒸散量结果吻合较好,从而验证了SEBS方法计算盆地蒸散量的准确性。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
在现有的OTC内碳通量观测仪器设备基础上, 设计开发出一套以AT89S51单片机为控制核心, 通过L293D控制电机正反转控制箱盖定时开关, 实现了多年冻土区OTC内碳通量自动观测. 观测主体箱用透明采光性良好的玻璃纤维材料制成, 电机传动采用齿轮传动, 箱口和箱盖接触地方用橡胶密封圈包裹, 防止箱盖密闭时漏气. OTC内碳通量自动观测仪最大可能性的减小了当前模拟增温条件下碳通量观测受自然条件和人为因素的影响, 极大的降低观测费用, 提高了数据的连续性, 基本上实现了多年冻土区模拟增温条件下碳通量较为精确地自动、连续观测. 试验表明: 在气象条件相对较好的2013年5月15日, OTC内碳通量自动观测仪观测结果和传统OTC内利用LI-COR6400观测结果规律性都较强, 野点较少, 二者相关性显著(R2=0.96); 而在气象条件相对较差的2013年9月1日, OTC内碳通量自动观测仪观测结果受外界干扰小, 观测结果规律性强, 野点较少; 而传统OTC内利用LI-COR6400 观测结果规律性较差, 野点较多, 数据可信度不高, 二者观测结果相关性不显著(R2=0.67). 相似文献
5.
祁连山老虎沟12号冰川表面能量和物质平衡模拟 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
采用HOCK的分布式能量物质平衡模型对老虎沟12号冰川消融期的物质平衡进行了模拟,时间步长为1 h,空间分辨率为30 m. 模型结果利用物质平衡观测数据和气象站观测数据验证,模型模拟时期为2012年6月1日-9月30日. 模型模拟结果表明,地形因子对太阳辐射影响相当显著;散射辐射在总辐射中的比例较大为39%,模拟期冰川表面物质平衡为-506 mm w.e.. 在模拟期整个冰川平均上净辐射占能量收入的84%,感热通量占有16%;消融耗热则是能量的主要支出占有62%,潜热通量占有能量支出的38%. 相似文献
6.
基于能量守恒原理,通过实体模型试验的方法,对河流发生弯曲的机理进行了探讨。研究认为,河流具有弯曲的自然属性,其弯曲程度主要取决于水流能量的大小,与流量、比降有很大关系;河流发生弯曲是水流为补偿能量损失得以保持运动而形成的一种自然造床过程,河流在运动过程中,通过弯曲形成上游壅水,增加势能,使下游比降相对增大,动能得以增加,从而保持河段内的水沙输移达到相对平衡,此即"动能自补偿"的弯曲机理;河流弯曲程度与需要补偿的动能多少有关,河段上下断面的动能差越大,河段弯曲系数就越大。"动能自补偿"的机理得到了实验室观测结果的验证和野外原型定位观测资料的佐证。 相似文献
7.
8.
克鲁-冲木达矿集区位于西藏南部扎囊-桑日之间,累计估算铜金属资源量达200多万t.文章从"景"、"场"、"相"、"床"金属成矿省等级体制出发,阐述了该矿集区在印-亚陆陆碰撞"陆内汇聚-地壳分层加厚-重力均衡调整"的高原隆升过程中的成矿地质背景,指出区内存在着与碰撞挤压流体迁移汇聚有关的层控铜矿床、碰撞后伸展环境中夕卡岩铜矿床、斑岩型铜矿床3种矿床类型.利用"成矿构造聚敛场"观点分析成矿资源潜力,并指明了找矿方向. 相似文献
9.
已知空间一平面内三点坐标求该面状状 ,最简单、最常用的方法是教科书中讲述的图解法。若坐标数据较多 ,图解法既费时费力 ,又不精确。笔者采用下述计算法 :首先 ,最高点与中间点、最高点与最低点的连线相当于平面内的两条倾伏线。倾伏线的倾伏向、倾伏角较容易计算出来。此时 ,若再使用图解法 ,通过极等角赤平投影 ,使两点位于同一大圆弧上 ,读出大圆弧的产状即所求平面的产状。若继续采用计算法 ,可假设平面的产状为未知 ;平面内两倾伏线相当于两视倾向线 ,于是 ,通过真视倾角换算方式 ,得出一方程组 ,解此方程组即可求得平面产状。若同一… 相似文献
10.
11.
青藏公路长期研究表明,青藏高原多年冻土公路工程空间效应敏感,主要表现为公路空间效应直接改变下伏冻土地基的天然能量平衡状态,继而引发一系列工程病害. 针对这一工程问题,提出多年冻土地区公路能量平衡设计理论,研究公路工程建设引发的多年冻土地基能量变化状态,平衡自然环境变化和工程建设等导致的外界“有害”能量导入与工程处置措施对冻土地基中“有害”能量导出之间相互关系,从空间和时间两个维度分析多年冻土地区公路工程的能量平衡过程. 据此,作为多年冻土公路工程的设计依据,将为青藏高原高速公路的科学设计提供理论支持. 相似文献
12.
The measurement of surface energy balance over a land surface in an open area in Bangalore is reported. Measurements of all
variables needed to calculate the surface energy balance on time scales longer than a week are made. Components of radiative
fluxes are measured while sensible and latent heat fluxes are based on the bulk method using measurements made at two levels
on a micrometeorological tower of 10m height. The bulk flux formulation is verified by comparing its fluxes with direct fluxes
using sonic anemometer data sampled at 10Hz. Soil temperature is measured at 4 depths. Data have been continuously collected
for over 6 months covering pre-monsoon and monsoon periods during the year 2006. The study first addresses the issue of getting
the fluxes accurately. It is shown that water vapour measurements are the most crucial. A bias of 0.25% in relative humidity,
which is well above the normal accuracy assumed by the manufacturers but achievable in the field using a combination of laboratory
calibration and field intercomparisons, results in about 20W m−2 change in the latent heat flux on the seasonal time scale. When seen on the seasonal time scale, the net longwave radiation
is the largest energy loss term at the experimental site. The seasonal variation in the energy sink term is small compared
to that in the energy source term. 相似文献
13.
土壤甲烷吸收汇研究进展 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
人类活动导致大气中温室气体浓度增加,是全球气候变暖的主要原因之一。由于陆地生态系统中通气状况良好的土壤是甲烷最大的吸收汇,研究吸收汇强度及其影响因素对估算大气中甲烷储存增量、采取措施增强土壤吸收汇的强度是很有意义的。综述了全球透气土壤吸收甲烷总量及土地利用变化、农业措施对甲烷吸收汇的影响。 相似文献
14.
Stress of urban energy consumption on air environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
With rapid urbanization and heavy industrialization as well as the rapid increase of cars in China, the effect of energy consumption
on urban air environment is increasingly becoming serious, and has become a hot topic for both scholars and decision-makers.
This paper explores the effect mechanism and regulation of urban energy consumption on the air environment, and summarizes
the framework of the stress effect relationship and the evolutionary process. In accordance with the effect relationship of
the internal factors between the two, analytic approaches studying the stress effect of urban energy consumption on air environment
are proposed, including the analysis of air environment effects caused by urban energy consumption structure change, and the
analysis of air environment effects caused by urban energy economic efficiency change, as well as a decomposition analysis
of air pollutant emission caused by urban energy consumption. Applying the above-mentioned approaches into a case study on
Beijing City, this paper analyzes the effect relationship among urban energy consumption structure improvement, energy economic
efficiency increase and air quality change since the period when Beijing City officially proposed to bid for the 2008 Olympic
Games in 1998. In addition, it further analyzes the effect and contribution of urban industrial activity level, industrial
economic structure, industrial energy intensity, and industrial energy structure as well as emission coefficients on the change
in industrial SO2 emission, which can provide valuable information to the government for making comprehensive environmental policies, with
the use of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. It is shown that under the precondition that the industrial economy
maintain a continuous and rapid increase, improvements in energy intensity and a decline in emission coefficients are the
main means for reducing Beijing’s industrial SO2 emissions. 相似文献
15.
R. K. Brindha N. Vasudevan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(9):1931-1940
Methane is one of the potential greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change, with a global warming potential of about 25 times than that of carbon dioxide. Aerobic methane oxidation (methanotrophy) is the key process that counteracts emission of methane to atmosphere. In this study, methane oxidation capacity of different methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) isolated from six different ecosystems was investigated. Methanotrophic consortium isolated from dumpsite proved to be most effective in oxidizing methane. Initially, methane oxidation rate was found to be 0.72 ± 0.036 mM/day; in course of the study consortium M5 showed an increase in methane oxidation rate up to 1.7 ± 0.016 mM/day. A maximum of 0.78 mol of CO2 production was found during methane oxidation in methanotrophs from dumpsite (M5). While varying temperatures, methane oxidation rate was in the range of 1.3–1.7 mM/day which has been found in the temperature range of 30–40 °C. Even at higher temperature (50 °C), 0.076 ± 0.14 mM of the methane was utilized per day. Methane oxidation was assessed by Michaelis–Menten kinetics. By varying the methane concentration, methane oxidation was studied and kinetic parameters such as V max and K m were derived using Lineweaver–Burk plot and found to be 1.497 mM/day and 2.23 mM, respectively. In methane mitigation approach, Methane soil sink is very essential because a balance between methane production by methanogens and consumption by methanotrophs plays an important role in methane emission reduction. Enhancing the methane soil sink will be a cost-effective method to cut down methane emission. 相似文献
16.
流域的岩石化学风化过程是全球碳循环中的重要环节。近年来流域水化学碳汇通量估算已越来越多地关注到外源水(硅酸盐风化)及外源酸对全球碳循环的影响。文章选取万华岩地下河流域为研究区,流域硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩分布面积占比为64%和36%,于2017年对洞口进行为期一年的取样监测,并分别于4月和9月对万华岩地下河系统内13个水点的离子组成进行监测,利用水化学平衡法和Galy模型,对流域岩石化学风化速率和CO2消耗通量进行了计算,对万华岩地下河系统的岩石风化和碳循环过程进行了分析。结果表明,万华岩地下河系统岩石风化消耗CO2的速率为31.02 t·(km2·a)-1;以碳酸岩风化为主,其风化速率为硅酸盐溶蚀的20倍;流域内碳酸盐岩风化对CO2消耗量占到整个流域的92.16%;不同岩石风化类型对碳通量的贡献率以碳酸溶解碳酸盐岩最大,为87.06%;流域上游的外源水对岩溶碳汇具有巨大的促进作用,外源水汇入后碳酸盐岩碳汇速率可以达到无外源水汇入流域的2倍;硫酸溶解碳酸盐岩次之,为9.24%;碳酸风化硅酸盐岩最小,为3.7%,在计算流域碳汇量的时候应将硫酸参与岩石风化的影响去除。 相似文献
17.
颗粒破碎是粒状材料在高应力状态下的一种基本现象。为了研究冻结砂土中颗粒破碎对应力应变关系的影响,将冻结砂土视为复合颗粒材料,忽略冰的压融,考虑内摩擦角随应力状态的变化,构建一个适用于冻结砂土的考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型。构建过程分为三步,首先是基于三轴剪切前后颗粒分析对冻结砂土颗粒破碎模式和产生机理进行探讨;其次是基于考虑颗粒破碎的能量平衡方程,对冻土在三轴剪切试验过程中的颗粒破碎耗能进行分析,结果表明颗粒破碎耗能随轴向应变呈双曲线变化趋势;最后应用考虑颗粒破碎的剪胀方程修正沈珠江三参数非线性模型中的体积切线模量νt,得到一个考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型,模型参数可以通过单轴压缩试验和常规三轴试验确定。将原模型和修正后模型的计算结果与控制温度为-6℃,围压为1 MPa、4 MPa、6 MPa、8 MPa和10 MPa时冻结砂土的试验结果进行对比,结果表明该模型能够较好的模拟冻结砂土从低围压到高围压的应变软化特征与剪胀特征。 相似文献
18.
Douglas M. Carlson 《Estuaries and Coasts》1978,1(2):85-92
The role of zooplankton in a salt marsh ecosystem was studied in Flax Pond, Old Field, N. Y., a 30-hectare tidal pond adjacent to Long Island Sound. Various marine crustaceans accounted for over 95% of the zooplankton caloric biomass in all but three months, in which ctenophores (Mnemiopsis leidyi) accounted for about 20%. Mass balance analysis of crustacean biomass showed a seasonal trend with increased “consumption” by the marsh from July to November. Analysis of groups (or species) for all months showed total numbers were reduced by passing through, or interacting with, the marsh. The most abundant group for each sample date also was significantly reduced from outflowing waters for all months, as were the group copepodids and miscellaneous calanoids from July to November. The energy requirements for the crustacean zooplankton community could have been supplied amply by the estimated standing crop of phytoplankton in the marsh. Phytoplankton net primary production was low, but it was ample to satisfy crustacean energy needs in all months. Crustaceans and phytoplankton alone were not enough to support estimated ctenophore nutrition requirements in summer. Therefore, detritus may also have been an important ctenophore food source. 相似文献
19.
V. M. Danilov 《Astronomy Reports》2000,44(5):298-308
In dynamical models for open clusters, virial equilibrium is not achieved over the violent relaxation time scale τvr. The stars form an equilibrium distribution in (?, ?ζ, l) space, where ? and l are the energy and angular momentum per unit stellar mass in the combined field of the Galaxy and cluster and ?ζ is the energy of motion perpendicular to the Galactic plane per unit mass of cluster stars in the gravitational field of the Galaxy. This distribution of stars changes little when t>τvr. The stellar phase-space distribution corresponding to this type of equilibrium and the regular cluster potential vary periodically (or quasi-periodically) with time. This phase-space equilibrium is probably possible due to an approximate balance in the stellar transitions between phase-space cells over times equal to the oscillation period for the regular cluster field. 相似文献