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1.
Pb、Sr和REE在矿物中的扩散补偿关系及其对扩散系数的预测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对现有实验扩散数据的检查发现，不仅Pb、Sr和REE元素在不同矿物中存在着扩散补偿关系，不同元素在同一矿物或同族矿物中也满足扩散补偿关系。阴离子孔隙度作为矿物内部离子堆积密度的一种量度，它与Pb和REE扩散活化能之间存在负的线性相关性，在固定温度下与Sr扩散系数（lnDT)之间呈正的线性相关，因而可以用于预测元素在矿物中的扩散系数。本文分别采用离子孔隙度法和双补偿法预测了Pb、Sr和REE在不同矿物中的扩散系数，这些结果与已有的实验数据在实验误差范围内是一致的，因此可以应用到与扩散有关的地球化学动力学研究中。 相似文献
2.
皖东侵入岩矿物Rb-Sr和Ar-Ar年代学及其与氧同位素平衡之间的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为探讨花岗质岩石中矿物O同位素平衡与Rb Sr矿物等时线年龄有效性之间的关系 ,测定了皖东屯仓与横山两个石英二长岩体中单矿物的Rb Sr和O同位素组成以及角闪石和黑云母的Ar Ar年龄。屯仓岩体的石英 -角闪石对温度为 5 4 5± 2 5℃ ,石英 -黑云母对温度为 4 6 0± 2 0℃ ,石英 -斜长石对温度 385± 4 0℃。横山岩体的石英 -角闪石对温度为 5 30± 2 5℃ ,石英 -黑云母对温度为 390± 15℃和石英 -斜长石对温度 2 85± 35℃。反映封闭体系中矿物在冷却过程中的退化交换再平衡。矿物间的氧同位素平衡对应于有地质意义的Rb Sr矿物等时线年龄。屯仓岩体的全岩 -角闪石 -斜长石Rb Sr等时线年龄 (12 8.4± 4 .7Ma)与角闪石的Ar Ar年龄 (12 5 .5 1± 0 .5 5Ma)在误差范围内一致 ,全岩 -角闪石 -斜长石 -黑云母Rb Sr等时线年龄 (12 0 .3± 2 .6Ma)与黑云母的Ar Ar年龄 (118.0± 0 .1Ma)一致。横山岩体的全岩 -角闪石 -斜长石Rb Sr矿物等时线年龄 (10 8± 15Ma)比角闪石的Ar Ar年龄 (12 5 .7± 1.8Ma)低 ,全岩 -角闪石 -斜长石 -黑云母Rb Sr等时线年龄 (118.6± 1.2Ma)小于黑云母的Ar Ar年龄 (12 0 .0± 0 .2Ma)。Rb Sr等时线年龄小于Ar Ar年龄是由于长石的蚀变引起的。大的等时线误差是由于Rb/Sr比值变化范围太小 相似文献
3.
矿物中的微量元素在地质环境下能否保持有效封闭,主要取决于其扩散性质,而稀土元素(REE)是探讨地质作用过程及其物理化学条件等重要的示踪剂,查明其在不同矿物中的扩散行为对于地学研究具有重要意义。本文通过分析矿物晶格结构和离子类型对元素扩散行为的制约规律,探讨了REE在不同矿物中的扩散迁移。在此基础上,利用多元统计分析方法得出扩散参数与扩散体系不同晶体化学参数之间的关系方程,建立了计算1atm、无水环境下REE在不同矿物中扩散参数的多变量模型,由此模型预测的REE在不同矿物中的扩散参数E和lnD0的值,与实验测定结果在实验误差范围内具有很好的一致性。与以往的预测模型相比,多变量模型能更全面地反映扩散体系晶体化学因素对扩散速率的制约。此外本研究结果显示,REE在矿物晶格中扩散作用的主要影响因素是阳离子,而非当前认为的阴离子。 相似文献
4.
东秦岭松树沟超镁铁质岩中辉石巨晶的成因和^40Ar—^39Ar定年及其地质意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩残片中超镁铁质岩中的辉石巨晶化学成分的系统研究 ,表明其具有高压变质成因的特点 ;采用 4 0 Ar/ 39Ar快中子活化法得其高温坪年龄为 833.8± 4 Ma,等时线年龄为 84 8.2± 4 Ma。考虑到辉石对 Ar的封闭温度(6 2 0℃ )明显低于该岩片早期塑性变形变质温度 (≥ 80 0℃ ) ,因此该年龄不代表形成辉石巨晶的峰期高压变质时代 ,而代表了该岩体变质后初始抬升的冷却事件。这一年龄值与区内蛇绿岩中的镁铁质变质岩获得的变质年龄 (983± 14 0 Ma)在误差范围内大体一致 ,暗示松树沟蛇绿岩片可能整体经历了俯冲至下地壳深度遭受高压变质后再抬升的地质演化过程 相似文献
5.
Ar同位素体系定年矿物的封闭温度范围广,并且可以获得650℃～150℃温度段的非线性冷却历史,因此~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学成为研究地质体热演化历史过程中最有效的工具之一。但是由于矿物中Ar同位素扩散机制还有一些问题没有清楚地被认识,因此在一定程度上制约了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学的发展。本文介绍了目前应用最广泛的两种~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学模式:多重扩散域模式和多路径扩散模式,讨论了它们的发展现状、存在的问题、可能解决的方法以及今后的发展方向。 相似文献
6.
矿物电导率补偿效应研究及其对元素扩散性质的制约 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据已有的大量矿物电导率实验数据，我们观察到方解石、刚玉、顽火辉石、铁辉石、橄榄石、白榴石和方镁石电导率存在类似于元素扩散一样的补偿效应，即同一矿物在不同条件下测得电导率指前因子的对数lnσ0和活化能E之间有良好的线性关系，并利用橄榄石在不同时期、用不同样品得到的电导率数据进行了验证。文中还注意到同一矿物中不同导电机制或不同导电载流子产生的电导率也满足补偿效应，据此特点提出了应用矿物电导率补偿效应计算元素扩散系数中指前因子的新方法。 相似文献
7.
40Ar/39Ar年代学中几个重要问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
40Ar/39Ar年代学是同位素地质年代学中重要的两个"金钉子"手段之一(另一个为U-Pb法),广泛应用于重大地质事件、地质界线的精确定年,是确定地质年表的主要手段。40Ar/39Ar年代学测定的母体元素钾为常量元素,且实现分析时由于只需测定Ar同位素的比值,因而具有很高的分析精度,因此可以测定非常年轻(数千年)地质体的年龄。此外,由于在自然界中不易发生(物理、化学)反应的特性,Ar在矿物中的扩散可被准确地定量描述,因此40Ar/39Ar年代学也是热年代学的重要支柱,被广泛应用于地球深部物质上涌、折返、剥露、变质的冷却历史,率先提供了解析造山带、地壳作用过程等热历史的定量模型。这些特点使得40Ar/39Ar年代学成为地质年代学的三大支柱之一。那么,近年来该方法发展到了什么程度,其精确度和准确度达到了怎样的高度?为何年轻火山样品中极少发现过剩Ar?高压环境中的样品过剩Ar为何难以辨认?压力影响矿物的封闭温度吗?缓慢冷却K-长石的年龄谱是否可以真实地反映岩体所经历的热历史?多重扩散域模型(MDD)遇到了哪些挑战、该如何应用?40Ar/39Ar法和U-Pb法在构造热过程研究中有何不同的应用?本文对这些问题进行了思考和讨论,以期推动大家对40Ar/39Ar年代学的深入探索,推动其在我国地质研究中的应用。 相似文献
8.
含水矿物在真空下的释Ar机制:Ar-Ar热年代学面临的新问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地质体的实际情况、激光显微探针束研究、XRD和SEM观测以及真空加热下Ar的释放特征都表明体积扩散不是含水矿物在真空加热中释放Ar的唯一机制。在低温下 ,Ar的释放主要受由缺陷引起的短程扩散和体积扩散共同作用的多途径扩散机制制约 ;而在高温下 ,由于含水矿物在真空中不够稳定 ,Ar的释放受到脱羟基、脱氢、氧化反应、分层作用等造成的晶体结构改变的强烈影响。含水矿物在高温下的氧化分解会导致矿物中原始Ar浓度梯度的均一化 ,因而无法得到真实的Ar分布剖面 ,也无法据此计算矿物的封闭温度 ,并进而可能影响到ArAr年龄坪的地质意义。 相似文献
9.
铜陵地区朝山矽卡岩型金矿床及含矿岩体的成因:40 Ar/39 Ar年龄、元素地球化学及多元同位素证据 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
位于铜陵地区狮子山矿田的朝山金矿是长江中下游成矿带少有的矽卡岩型独立金矿床,成矿与白芒山辉石闪长岩有关,绝大多数金矿体产于白芒山辉石闪长岩与中三叠统南陵湖组灰岩的接触带上.辉石闪长岩中三个角闪石单矿物样品的40Ar/39Ar激光阶段加热分析给出了很好的坪年龄,年龄值介于139.7±0.3～138.3±0.6Ma(2σ),代表白芒山岩体冷却到500～550℃(氩同位素在角闪石中的封闭温度)的年龄.根据角闪石40Ar/39Ar年龄和前人获得的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(142.9Ma)以及Ar同位素和U-Pb体系在角闪石和锆石中的封闭温度,计算出白芒山岩体冷却速率大约为100℃/Ma.由于氢同位素在角闪石中的封闭温度与朝山金矿的成矿温度非常接近,因此,上述40Ar/39Ar年龄可以代表朝山金矿的成矿年龄.白芒山辉石闪长岩具有富碱、高钠、准铝质、富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素、亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素的地球化学特点,其Sr-Nd同位素组成((87Sr/86Sr)I=0.706598～0.707460,εNd(t)=-7.78～-8.12)与铜陵及邻区同时代或稍晚时候的辉长岩和玄武岩非常相似.以上地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征暗示白芒山辉石闪长岩起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并经历了一定程度的分离结晶和地壳混染作用.矿石矿物的硫同位素组成(δ34S= 6.2‰～ 9.3‰)呈偏离零值的塔式分布,富集34S,可能是岩浆硫与中石炭统和/或中三叠统膏盐层混合的产物.矿石中脉石矿物方解石的C-O同位素与矿区三叠系海相碳酸盐明显不同,而与地幔原始碳酸岩相似,反映成矿流体中碳(主要是CO2的形式)的来源以深源为主,与含矿岩体成因研究得出的认识一致.对区域成岩成矿年代学及岩浆活动与成矿作用特点的分析认为,朝山金矿形成于岩石圈伸展的构造背景;强烈的岩石圈伸展及玄武质岩浆底侵为铜陵矿地区大规模岩浆活动及成矿作用提供了必要的动力学环境,也为成矿作用带来了丰富的热能、流体及金属成矿元素. 相似文献
10.
对大别造山带双河超高压榴辉岩和片麻岩Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr等时线矿物进行了O同位素地质测温。尽管Sm-Nd等时线给出一致的三叠纪年龄(213~238 Ma)，同一样品Rb-Sr等时线却给出侏罗纪年龄(171~174 Ma)。片麻岩、榴辉岩和榴闪岩矿物对O同位素测温得到600~720℃和420~550℃两组温度，分别对应于约225±5 Ma榴辉岩相变质和约175±5 Ma角闪岩相退变质条件下停止同位素扩散交换的温度。同一样品三叠纪Sm-Nd等时线年龄的保存、侏罗纪Rb-Sr等时线年龄的出现以及有规律的O同位素温度，表明在角闪岩相退变质过程中，Sr和O在含水矿物（如黑云母和角闪石）中的扩散速率在手标本尺度上比石榴石Nd和多硅白云母Sr的扩散速率快。 相似文献
11.
M. A. Forster R. Armstrong B. Kohn G. S. Lister M. A. Cottam S. Suggate 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):883-902
K-feldspar from the late Miocene Capoas Granite on Palawan in The Philippines appears to contain highly retentive diffusion domains that are closed to argon diffusion at near-solidus temperatures during cooling of this ～7 km-diameter pluton. This is an important result, for K-feldspar is commonly considered not retentive in terms of its ability to retain argon. Closure temperatures for argon diffusion in K-feldspars are routinely claimed to be in the range ～150–400°C but the release of 39Ar from irradiated K-feldspar during furnace step-heating experiments in vacuo yields Arrhenius data that imply the existence of highly retentive core domains, with inferred closure temperatures that can exceed ～500–700°C. These high closure temperatures from the Capoas Granite K-feldspar are consistent with the coincidence of 40Ar/39Ar ages with U–Pb zircon ages at ca 13.5 ± 0.2 Ma. The cooling rate then accelerated, but the rate of change had considerably slowed by ca 12 Ma. Low-temperature (U–Th)/He thermochronology shows that the cooling rate once again accelerated at ca 11 Ma, perhaps owing to renewed tectonic activity. 相似文献
12.
Reddy Steven M. Kelley Simon P. Magennis Lochlann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,128(1):16-29
A sample of banded amphibolite from the western margin of the Nanga Parbat–Haramosh Massif as Sassi has been studied using
microstructural and 40Ar/39Ar laserprobe techniques to investigate the relationship between deformation and argon isotope variations in a natural system.
Amphibolite-grade deformation occurred during south-directed overthrusting of the Kohistan arc over India along the Main Mantle
Thrust and was overprinted by extensional reactivation of the earlier fabric and the formation of biotite-rich shear zones.
Subsequent deformation along discrete fine-grained fault zones was characterised by the formation of scapolite, chlorite and
K-feldspar, early plastic deformation and later cataclasis. Different minerals developed during this history show a wide range
in apparent 40Ar/39Ar ages. Biotite, chlorite and scapolite exhibit much lower concentrations of excess argon, indicating their equilibration
in a fluid relatively poor in excess argon. A `true' age of ca. 8 Ma from biotite represents a minimum age for deformation
associated with formation of the Nanga Parbat Syntaxis and also precludes Pliocene metamorphism in this area of the syntaxis.
Both high- and low-closure temperature minerals (amphiboles and feldspars) record apparent ages which are associated with
the incorporation of excess argon within the mineral lattice. Although differential thermal resetting of minerals at different
closure temperatures is important, variations in the inherited 40Ar/36Ar ratio throughout the sample is dominated by deformation and fluid infiltration. Consequently it appears that within deforming
metamorphic rocks, areas with significantly different argon isotope compositions may be present and need not be homogenised
by diffusion.
Received: 6 July 1994 / Accepted: 24 December 1996 相似文献
13.
The Santa Rosa mylonite zone developed predominantly from a granodiorite protolith in the eastern margin of the Peninsular
Ranges batholith. A wide variation in K−Ar biotite dates within the zone is shown to reflect the times of cooling through
closure temperatures whose variability is chiefly a result of deformation-induced reduction in grain size. We suggest that
such variation generally may be exploited to place constraints on the timing of deformation episodes. Previous workers have
shown that deformation in the Santa Rosa mylonite zone involved the formation of mylonites and an imbricate series of low-angle
faults which divide the area into structural units. Field work, petrographic studies, and TEM analysis of deformation mechanisms
in biotite show that the granodiorite mylonite, the lowermost structural unit, formed below the granodiorite solidus. The
granodiorite mylonite varies from protomylonite to ultramylonite, with regions of high strain distributed heterogeneously
within the zone. Previously reported biotite and hornblende K−Ar dates from the granodiorite protolith below (82–89 Ma) and
the Asbestos Mountain granodiorite above (61–68 Ma) the mylonite zone indicate dramatically dissimilar thermal histories for
the lowermost and uppermost structural units. Other workers' fission track dates on sphene, zircon, and apatite from the granodiorite
mylonite and the Asbestos Mountain granodiorite suggest thermal homogenization and rapid cooling to ∼100° C by ca 60 Ma. Within
and adjacent to the mylonite zone, K−Ar dates on 5 samples of biotite from variably deformed granodiorite range from 62–76
Ma; dates are not correlated with structural depth but clearly decrease with degree of deformation and concomitant grain size
reduction. 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating analyses of biotite from the granodiorite protolith reveals no evidence of excess argon and produces
a relatively flat age spectrum. 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating analysis of biotite from the granodiorite mylonite discloses discordance consistent with 39Ar recoil loss. K analysis of samples, allowing K−Ar dates to be calculated, is therefore recommended as an adjunct to 40Ar/39Ar step heating analysis in rocks that have experienced similar deformation. During mylonitization, biotite grain size reduction
through intracrystalline cataclasis results in estimated grain dimensions as small as 0.05 μm locally within porphyroclasts
as large as 1 mm. Because biotite compositions are relatively Uniform (Fe/[Fe+Mg+Mn+Ti+AlVI]=0.47–0.52) and show no systematic variation with grain size, compositional dependence of activation energy and diffusivity
can be eliminated as sources of variation in Ar retention. Ar closure temperatures, calculated with appropriate diffusion
parameters for the observed grain sizes, are in the range ∼220–280° C and define a cooling curve consistent with a thermal
history intermediate between those of the granodiorite protolith below and the Asbestos Mountain granodiorite above the mylonite
zone. Changes in the slope of the cooling curve indicate that the main deformation episode initiated at or above ca 330° C
(∼80 Ma), above the closure temperature for thermally activated diffusion of argon in biotite, and continued to a minimum
of ca 220–260° C (∼62 Ma). 相似文献
14.
地球大气圈中40Ar/36Ar的现代比值被公认为295.5,在利用K-Ar法测定地球物质年龄时,它是校正大气氩混染量的重要参数。陨石中原始捕获(trapped)的(40Ar/36Ar)t比值是否和地球大气圈中氩同位素丰度相一致,这个问题不但在地质年龄测定中具有现实意义,而且对探索太阳系的形成和演化也有重要理论价值。近十几年,随着质谱分析技术的提高以及登月计划的实施,国外出现了一批有关月岩中氩同位素原始组分的资料,但至今对陨石中原始氩同位素丰度的报道很少。笔者采用40Ar/39Ar快中子活化技术和约克方程[3,4],对吉林陨石雨2号标本进行了原始捕获的(40Ar/36Ar)t比值进行了测定,并探讨了它的地质意义。 相似文献
15.
报道了大别造山带西南部湖北红安榴辉岩和罗田麻粒岩的氧同位素组成，并讨论了氧扩散作用对矿物氧同位素平衡的影响，结果得到，红安榴辉岩的全岩δ^18O值为6．4－7．3‰，罗田黄土岭麻粒岩的全岩δ^18O值为6．6－7．8‰，罗田惠兰山麻粒岩的全岩δ^18O值为3．9‰，这些榴辉岩和麻粒岩全岩的氧同位素组成保持了峰期变质条件下的平衡分馏特征，得到的氧同位素温度对于红安榴辉岩425－620度，对于罗田麻粒岩为740－945度。根据快速颗粒边界扩散模型计算的矿物对氧同位素温度不仅与大多数实测氧同位素温度一致，而且与岩石学测温结果相吻合，因此，这些岩石与东大别榴辉岩一样在形成后经历了快速冷却过程，退变质反应过程中没有外来流体加入。 相似文献
16.
The kinetics of hydrogen diffusion in enstatite was studied by hydrogen–deuterium exchange experiments in the range of 1–5,000 bar and 700–850°C using synthetic single crystals of pure and Cr-doped enstatites. The OH- and OD-content in the samples was quantified after each thermal treatment with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. H–D-exchange rates were measured parallel to the three crystallographic axes. In addition, in order to visualize diffusion profiles, OH and OD were mapped for some samples, utilizing synchrotron IR micro-spectroscopy. Hydrogen self-diffusivities derived from D/H exchange experiments at one atmosphere are very similar to the chemical diffusivity of hydrogen in natural Fe-bearing orthopyroxene, which was reported previously (Stalder and Skogby 2003) to exhibit a small, but significant anisotropy (D[001] > D[100] > D[010]). Activation energies are estimated to be 211 (±31) kJ/mol for diffusion parallel [100] and 185 (±28) kJ/mol for diffusion parallel [010]. Lattice diffusion of hydrogen is decelerated by more than one order of magnitude when Cr is dissolved in enstatite. In comparison to the chemical composition, pressure seems to have only a minor influence on hydrogen diffusion. Compared to other minerals in the Earth’s upper mantle, enstatite exhibits the highest activation energy for hydrogen diffusion, suggesting faster diffusion than in other mafic minerals at mantle temperatures, but slower diffusion at crustal conditions. Thus under upper mantle conditions, physical properties that are expected to be influenced by hydrogen mobility, such as electrical conductivity, may in enstatite be more intensely affected by the presence of hydrogen than in other upper mantle minerals. 相似文献
17.
根据全岩Rb-Sr、锆石U-Pb和角闪石、黑云母、钾长石K-Ar同位素年龄综合测定结果,再造了安庐石英正长岩带中大龙山岩体的冷却史。矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果证实,扩散作用是控制同位素体系封闭的主导因素。假定岩体冷却与地温梯度(100℃/Ma)同步降低,以二维热模式为参照,可以推算出大龙山岩体的原始侵位深度约为8km,成岩温度为800±50℃。早阶段石英正长岩体在136Ma侵位结晶后开始快速的冷却上升,冷却速率为27.4℃/Ma,上升速率为0.27mm/a;经过约18Ma后,岩体上升至地下约3km深处,温度为300±50℃,转为缓慢冷却上升,冷却速率为6.3℃/Ma,上升速率为0.06mm/a.晚阶段碱长花岗岩体于117Ma侵位结晶,嗣后开始快速的冷却上升,冷却速率为58.6℃/Ma,上升速率为0.59mm/a;经过约8Ma后,岩体转为缓慢冷却上升,冷却速率为7.2℃/Ma,上升速率为0.07mm/a.结合对国内外其它深成岩体冷却历史的研究,可见这类岩体的侵位上升一般经历了两个阶段:(1)早期高温岩体快速上升至定位,冷却速率显着大于区域地温梯度降低幅度;(2)晚期低温岩体与区域地质体一起缓慢隆起上升,冷却速率与区域地温梯度降低幅度一致。对形成于大龙山岩体接触带的热液铀矿床进行了沥青铀矿U-Pb同位素年龄测定,得到的矿化时间与黑云母K-Ar体系的封闭时间相近。气液包裹体测温结果指示,矿化温度与黑云母的Ar封闭温度相一致;脉石矿物氧同位素组成研究得到,成矿流体为岩浆期后热液。因此,该热液铀矿床的形成与岩浆结晶分异及嗣后的岩体缓慢冷却密切相关。 相似文献
18.
LOW TEMPERATURE DATING OF HIGH MOUNTAIN ROCKS:(U-Th)/He AGES FROM HIGHER HIMALAYAN SAMPLES, EASTERN NEPAL1 HouseMA ,WernickeBP ,FarleyKA .DatingtopographyoftheSierraNevada ,California ,usingapatite (U Th) /Heages[J].Nature,1998,396 (5 ) :6 6～ 6 9.
2 HubbardMS ,Harrison .4 0 Ar/ 3 9ArageconstraintsondeformationandmetamorphismintheMainCentralThrustzoneandTibetanSlab ,EasternNepalHimalaya[J].Tectonics,1989,8(4) :86 5～ 880 .
3 HubbardMS … 相似文献