共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
通过静态实验研究了配位体对地下环境中Fe（Ⅱ）衰减硝基苯的影响。实验结果表明,配位体的种类、浓度均对Fe（Ⅱ）衰减硝基苯有重要影响。在Fe（Ⅱ）浓度为5 mmol/L的条件下,以半胱氨酸为配位体形成的络合物对硝基苯衰减效果最好,对硝基苯的去除率为86.16%;在配位体浓度变化的条件下,配位体浓度为50 mmol/L时,对硝基苯的衰减效果相对较好,去除率均在65%以上;另外,在Fe（Ⅱ）和配位体浓度一定的条件下,硝基苯的浓度对其衰减也有影响,100 mg/L的硝基苯衰减效果最好,之后随着硝基苯浓度增加,衰减效果呈现逐渐变差的趋势;在Fe（Ⅱ）的络合物衰减硝基苯的过程中,Fe（Ⅱ）被氧化成Fe（Ⅲ）。 相似文献
2.
准晶体的构筑原理及微粒分数维结构模型 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
准晶体的原子构造中两个原理在起作用,即二十面体原理和黄金中值原理。二十面体原理是指大小相近的原子形成孤立的十二次配位体时,二十面体配位形式在能量上最有利。黄金中值原理是指在准晶体中原子的排列符合黄金中值律。这两个原理适用于由少量原子构成的体系,也适用于某些生物的结构。运用这两个原理于准晶体微粒,我们获得了最简单的准晶体结构模型。此模型可以解释Al-Mn准晶体的高分辨图的所有细节。此模型与Hiraga模型以及Bursill和彭菊琳模型都不相同。在此模型中Al_(12)Mn二十面体不是共棱的。这一模型具有分数维结构的待征,因此称之为准晶体的微粒分数维结构模型。 相似文献
3.
4.
国外有机包裹体研究的某些进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着流体包裹体研究与分析方法的长足进展，一个新的研究领域——有机包裹体及其在油气勘探与金属有机成矿中的应用，从传统的矿物流体包裹体研究中崛起。有机包裹体的研究具有两个鲜明的特点；一是分析方法和理论研究方面与传统的包裹体研究具有干丝万缕的联系；二是在应用方面却具有自己的待色，本文侧重介绍了近十年来在这一研究领域中的某些重要进展。1分析方法有机包裹体的成分研究具有两个基本特点：①利用有机物质的荧光性质，注重单个包裹体不打开方法的探索；②利用质谱计，探索微量定性定量方法，以期获得更多的地球化学信息。1．… 相似文献
5.
Ａｌ２ＳｉＯ５多型矿物中铝的Ｋ边Ｘ射线吸收近边结构研究李迪恩彭明生（中山大学宝石矿物材料研究所，广州５１０２７５）关键词铝硅酸盐配位Ｘ射线吸收近边结构在铝硅酸盐矿物中，Ａｌ通常为四面体和／或八面体配位，但在红柱石中Ａｌ也可为五次配位，因此，在铝硅酸盐... 相似文献
6.
在钛的多元显色体系中,氨三乙酸(NTA),邻菲啰啉(Phen),氟离子作为钛的辅助配位体均已用于钛的光度测定,但氟离子与NTA(或Phen)共存下的四元体系,特别是三者共存下的五元体系尚未有过研究。实验证明:上述三个辅助配位体相互搭配,钛(Ⅳ)与铵试剂Ⅲ可形成Ti(Ⅳ)-NTA-Phen-铍试剂Ⅲ,钛(Ⅳ)-Phen-F-铍试剂Ⅲ, 相似文献
7.
李迪恩 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1997,(2)
硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中硅和铝的配位与局部结构：Ｋ边Ｘ射线吸收光谱研究＊李迪恩（中山大学地质系，广州５１０２７５）关键词硅酸盐玻璃和熔体硅和铝的配位Ｘ射线吸光谱高压下硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中的硅可以形成八面体配位［１］，但在通常的低压硅酸盐玻璃中，硅和铝为四面体... 相似文献
8.
五次对称和准晶态的发现(Shechtmen,1984)不仅是结晶学的新阶段,对包括地质学在内的整个自然科学将产生深远影响(彭志忠,1985)。在准晶体结构中,配位二十面体作长程定向有序,但无平移有序。作者(1985)探讨了准晶体的构筑原理,认为,在准晶体的结构中两个原理在起作用,即二十面体原理和黄金中值原理。 相似文献
9.
报道用微分电位溶出分析法测定配合物在玻炭电极上氧化溶出电位与配位体浓度之间的关系，研究配合物的逐级稳定常数和参与形成配合物的配位体数目。研究了Ｃｕ（Ｈ２Ｓａｌ）２＋２和Ｃｄ（ＳＣＮ）２－４配合物体系，测定结果与文献［３，４］报道结果基本吻合 相似文献
10.
报道用微分电位溶出分析法测定配合物在玻炭电极上氧化溶出电位与配位体浓度之间的关系，研究配合物有逐级稳定常数和参与形成配合物的配位体数目，研究了Ｃｕ（Ｈ２Ｓａｌ）＾２＋２和Ｃｄ（ＳＣＮ）＾２－４配合物体系，测定结果与文献（３，４）报道结果基本吻合。 相似文献
11.
Scott A. Wood 《Engineering Geology》1993,34(3-4):229-259
The mobility of the rare-earth elements (REE) is relevant to nuclear waste management in that REE are produced during radioactive decay in high-level waste and they are good chemical analogues for some of the trivalent actinides (e.g., Am3+ and Cm3+). Car☐ylic acids are present naturally in many geologic fluids and also have been disposed of along with radionuclides; such complexing agents may increase the mobility of the REE (actinides) and need to be considered in geochemical models of the transport of these metals into the far-field environment. In this study, available stability constants for the formation of REE complexes with the organic ligands acetate, adipate, benzoate, citrate, ETDA, formate, fumarate, glutarate, glycolate, -hydroxyisobutyrate, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, -mercaptoacetate, oxalate, m-phthalate, o-phthalate, propionate, salicylate and succinate have been critically evaluated. Those stability constants considered most reliable were, where necessary, corrected to 25°C using published enthalpy data and, where possible, corrected to infinite dilution using a model based on the Pitzer equations. These data provide the basis for future geochemical modelling of the behavior of the REE in nuclear waste disposal sites. Some simple geochemical calculations presented in this paper suggest that monodentate ligands such as acetate are unlikely to contribute significantly to REE (actinide) mobility in most nuclear waste disposal environments. However, ligands capable of chelating in a multi-dentate manner, e.g., oxalate, malonate, succinate, EDTA, etc., may increase the mobility of trivalent lanthanides and actinides significantly, even though their concentrations are lower than monodentate ligands in most natural environments. However, the effectiveness of any of these organic ligands depends on the concentrations of competing ions, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, etc., being low relative to the total ligand concentration. 相似文献
12.
Yongliang Xiong 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(7):1130-1137
Naturally occurring organic ligands, such as acetate, citrate, malonate, oxalate, and succinate, play important roles in mobility and accumulation of La and other rare earth elements in low temperature systems under Earth surface conditions. However, a comprehensive and consistent thermodynamic database covering the complexes of rare earth elements with those naturally occurring organic ligands is lacking. In this study, thermodynamic data of organic species of rare earth elements (REE) represented by La, with an emphasis on their aqueous complexes with organic ligands, are critically reviewed. The organic ligands covered by this study include acetate, citrate, malonate, oxalate and succinate. In this critical review, the Specific Interaction Theory (SIT) model is adopted for extrapolation to infinite dilution. This model is a reliable activity coefficient model valid for a wide range of ionic strengths. These critically reviewed data, including complex formation constants, SIT interaction coefficients and solubility product constants, would enable accurate modeling of the speciation and solubility of REE in various environments including high ionic strength environments, providing insight into mobility and enrichment of REE in various environments. 相似文献
13.
L.R. Pittwell 《Chemical Geology》1973,12(1):39-49
The most common coordinating ligands present in groundwaters are water itself, carbonate, chloride, fluoride and some organic acids. It is possible to account for the formation of bauxite, malachite, azurite, many other copper ores, and other deposits using just these complexes as starting materials and active compounds. 相似文献
14.
E. A. Elkhatib Ph.D. A. M. Mahdy Ph.D. M. E. Saleh Ph.D. N. H. Barakat M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(3):331-338
Desorption of Cu and low molecular weight dissolved organics are the primary factors that impact fate and transport of Cu in soils. To improve predictions of the toxicity and threat from Cu contaminated soil, it is critical that time-dependent desorption behavior be understood. In this paper, the effect of organic ligands citrate, malate, and succinate on the kinetics of Cu desorption from contaminated soils varying widely in soil characteristics was investigated at 25° C and the soils used were referred to as clay, calcareous and sandy soils. The amount of Cu released by the used organic ligands varied greatly with physicochemical properties of the soils. The rate of Cu release by different extractants was in the order citric > malic > succinic, which was consistent with the stability constants of Cu complexes with these ligands. The modified Freundlich and the Elovich and Parabolic diffusion models were used to describe dsorption of Cu2+ from the three studied soils as affected by the organic ligands. All of the models fit the data well with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.83 to 1.00 (P < 0.01). Each Model has a set of assumptions for the different physical and chemical properties of the systems to which they are being applied. The uses of these equations yield different magnitudes for the calculated variable, but the relationships between the soil + organic ligands and their effect (i.e., increase or decrease) on these variables are the same. Such information is critical, since Cu is used in a variety of industrial and manufacturing processes and is one of the most common contaminants found at hazardous waste sites. 相似文献
15.
Jacques Boulegue Charles J. Lord Thomas M. Church 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(3):453-464
The pore waters of sediments from a salt marsh along the Delaware estuary have been analyzed for sulfur species and associated trace metals. Since the sediment interface is usually in contact with the atmosphere, the sulfur species are dependent on the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate reduction and subsequent oxidation by diffusing oxygen. The most important species observed are hydrogen sulfide, polysulfide ions and thiosulfate. Secondary reactions of hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides with decomposing organic matter yield significant concentrations of both thiols and organic polysulfides. Upon isolation of the sediment from the atmosphere due to tidal inundation, bacterial sulfate reduction becomes the dominant process. This results in the reduction of the polysulfides in agreement with thermodynamic predictions, and suggests that the redox couple sulfide/polysulfide is a good redox indicator under such reducing environments.The concentrations of trace elements Cu and Fe in the pore waters are mainly controlled by sulfide formation. Calculations show that copper is strongly complexed probably with organo-sulfur ligands. Iron might be complexed as such sulfur species to a much lesser extent than copper. 相似文献
16.
Fernando F. Sodré Danielle C. Schnitzler Elizabeth W. O. Scheffer Marco T. Grassi 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2012,18(5):389-405
The goal of this work was to investigate the changes in copper behavior in Igua?u River, a body of water strongly affected by urban inputs. This work was carried out in a subtropical Brazilian watershed suffering with high loads of raw sewage discharges from the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. A comparison between sampling sites located upstream and downstream from the urban region revealed that human inputs are able to modify the water chemistry of the river in a short distance basis, that is, approximately nine miles. Probably, the most important alterations were the creation of an anaerobic environment as well as the enhancement of humic-coated suspended solids. These two aspects were determinant to explain the high concentrations observed for particulate copper (57% of total recoverable copper) and dissolved copper sulfide species (13%) in the water column. Copper in the sediment was also higher in the downstream site, probably due to the sedimentation of the Cu-enriched particles. However, copper sulfides at the bottom sediment may also be a potential source for the metal in the water column due to the creation of anaerobic conditions in both compartments. Labile copper concentration was not affected by the changes in water chemistry. Despite the fact that sewage discharges motivate the enhancement of organic matter, but not the increase in potential complexing agents, additional ligands such as chloride, carbonates, and anthropogenic dissolved organic ligands can be now computed as a part of the labile fraction. 相似文献
17.
在痕量元素的海洋生物地球化学循环过程中,有机配体直接控制痕量元素在不同形态及粒径范围内的分配,进而影响痕量元素的迁移转化过程和生物可利用性。深入研究海水中痕量元素-有机配体的配分特征及影响因素,明确有机配体分子量组分及其对痕量元素的配合作用差异,对于了解痕量元素的生物地球化学行为,评估痕量元素的生物可利用性和毒性效应均具有十分重要的意义。对海水中痕量元素-有机配体的分布规律、配分特征及盐度、pH、氧化还原条件和生物活动对配体的影响进行了系统总结。海水中的有机配体一般以低分子量部分为主体,配合能力因元素性质差异存在随分子量增加而提高或降低的不同趋势。除此之外,有机配体的结构、配合能力及分子量分布随水体各物理化学参数的变化而改变。盐度的增加会降低有机配体相邻官能团的静电排斥力从而降低配体的配合能力,还会导致高分子量金属有机配合物发生絮凝和降解而去除。pH的增加不仅可以促使有机配体离子化,还能促进部分痕量元素水解为与有机配体亲和力更高的形式,提高有机配体配合率。氧化还原环境同时影响了痕量元素的价态和有机配体的浓度,间接影响痕量元素-有机配体的配合率。浮游植物利用及微生物分解可以增加低分子量有机配体的比例,从而提高其配合能力,但当生物遭受过量金属离子的毒性胁迫时,其细胞内会释放胞内配体,将致毒元素转化为配合物并排出体外,从而增加水体中痕量元素高分子量有机配体的浓度。未来应结合有机物结构分析技术及痕量元素分离检测技术,系统研究海洋环境中不同分子量有机配体的结构及与痕量元素配合强度的相互关系,进一步揭示痕量元素的迁移转化过程与生态学意义。 相似文献
18.
Organic metal-binding ligands represent an essential role in the bioavailability of trace elements since they govern the species and sizes of those elements in seawater. The distribution and properties of organic ligands in seawater as well as the factors influencing their complexation abilities were summarized in this paper. Most organic ligands exist in the low molecular weight fraction, and their concentration nearshore is often higher than that of open ocean while the vertical distribution varies in different areas. The complexation of trace elements and organic ligands is influenced by several factors such as molecular weight of organic ligands, salinity, pH, biological activities and redox conditions. Ligand with a lower molecular weight usually represents stronger complexation ability, whereas the opposite seems to be true sometimes due to the specific affinity between some elements and ligands. Increasing salinity lowers the electrostatic repulsion among adjacent functional groups of ligands and thus decreases their complexing rate, yet increasing pH promotes the ionization of organic ligands and results in the formation of more complexes. The utilization of phytoplankton and degradation of microorganism release more low molecular weight organic ligands while more high molecular weight ligands are released from marine organisms under heavy metal stress. Therefore, sufficient significance should be attached to characterizing the structure and molecular weight of organic ligands and exploring the interaction between trace elements and organic ligands and the influence of related marine factors on their behaviors, which will certainly help us to understand the global biogeochemical cycles and ecological significance of trace elements. 相似文献
19.
硅酸盐熔体体系中,锌主要赋存于熔体相,部分以类质同象的形式进入铁、镁硅酸盐及铁的氧化物中;流体/熔体相分
离时,锌优先进入流体相;卤水/气相分离时,锌优先进入卤水相;成矿过程中,锌主要进入液相流体中迁移。在热液环境
下, ZnCl2 - nn （0≤n≤4） 络合物是迁移锌的最重要形式,其次游离Zn2+,Zn2+-SO2 -4 络合物,Zn2+OH-络合物,在一定条件下对锌的运移也非常重要,但能与锌络合的其它潜在无机配体,如HS-,CO32-,NH3,F-,Br-, S2 -x 及S2O2 -
3 等,则意义不大。富有机质低温（<200℃） 条件下,部分有机质对锌的迁移也具有重要作用,如,羧酸、氨基酸及腐殖酸,其中羧酸意义最大。在Zn成矿过程中,岩浆-热液Zn矿床矿化可划分为三个阶段,早期岩浆房去气阶段,期后热液阶段,以及晚期岩浆房去气阶段。层控Zn矿床流体主要为盆地卤水,矿化机制主要为伸展背景下的海底热液对流,或者挤压环境下,构造挤压与重力的联合驱动,促使流体向盆地边缘迁移成矿。锌矿物的沉淀主要受热液组成、温度、压力、pH以及Eh等因素控制,地质过程中,围岩蚀变、沸腾作用以及流体混合作用等宏观过程促使上述物理化学因素发生变化,从而制约着锌的沉淀。 相似文献
20.
Adsorption of Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium on Goethite in the Presence of Organic Ligands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Adsorption of copper, cadmium and nickel at low concentrations on goethite was studied in the presence of the simple organic
ligands oxalate, salicylate, and pyromellitate. The experimental metal adsorption behavior was compared to calculations with
a surface complexation model to evaluate the most important interactions. Oxalate mostly decreased Cu and Ni adsorption at
high pH-values by competition between solution and surface complexation but had no effect on Cd adsorption. Cu adsorption
in the presence of oxalate below pH 6 could best be described by defining a ternary complex of type A (surface-metal-ligand).
Salicylate had only minor effects on metal adsorption. The adsorption of Cu in the presence of salicylate above pH 5 could
be explained by a ternary complex of type A. Pyromellitate increased the adsorption of Cu and Cd in the acidic pH-range, likely
by formation of ternary surface complexes of type B (surface-ligand-metal). 相似文献