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1.
天然气运移的气体组分的地球化学示踪 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
本文通过我国不同含油气盆地典型地区岩石酸解气、罐顶气和天然气中化学组分分析,结合天然气的形成和盆地的地质演化,研究了天然气运移时组分的变化。结果表明,天然气通过地层孔隙系统运移时,组分会发生明显分馏,表现在甲烷相对重烃、异构丁烷相对正构丁烷的优先迁移。酸解气、罐顶气和成藏天然气中C1/C2+、iC4/nC4及总烃/非烃等比值,是天然气运移示踪的有效指标。 相似文献
2.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2018,(6)
碳同位素在天然气运移路径示踪中的应用十分广泛,以游离相运移的天然气,运移过程中碳同位素的分馏主要受"质量分馏效应"控制;以水溶相运移的天然气,运移过程中碳同位素的分馏主要受"溶解分馏效应"控制。天然气运移中碳同位素的分馏程度不仅与气体分子质量、气体分子水溶解度等物理化学性质有关,同时也受天然气运移距离、输导层物性等外部环境条件的影响。常用的天然气运移路径示踪参数有δ~(13)C_1、δ~(13)C_2-δ~(13)C_1、δ~(13)CO_2及储集层中自生方解石的碳同位素。对研究现状分析后提出运移相态识别、碳同位素失真分析是应用碳同位素示踪天然气运移路径的基础,非烃碳同位素、多参数对比是碳同位素示踪天然气运移路径研究的未来趋势。 相似文献
3.
4.
恩洪向斜煤层重烃气浓度极端异常,但重烃气来源至今不甚清楚。为此,本文通过对恩洪向斜煤样自然解吸阶段的
密集取样和分析测试,对重烃气成因进行了探讨。结果显示,恩洪煤样自然解吸气组分分馏规律明显,重烃气浓度随解吸
时间延长而显著增高;在自然解吸过程中,甲烷碳同位素组成略有变重,重烃气碳同位素组成没有明显变化,烷烃气碳同
位素始终呈现为正碳同位素系列;自然解吸气组分浓度与碳同位素组成之间具有良好的相关关系,但甲烷与重烃气的相关
趋势截然相反。因此,恩洪向斜煤层气主要起源于煤中有机质的热成因,但不排除部分甲烷具有次生生物成因的可能性。 相似文献
5.
煤储层物性对甲烷碳同位素分馏的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
煤层气作为一种吸附气,在储层中解吸扩散运移时甲烷碳同位素发生分馏。笔者通过采集山西晋城和新疆昌吉不同演化程度的煤样进行解吸试验,系统记录整个解吸过程中甲烷碳同位素组成的变化情况,研究了储层物性对甲烷碳同位素分馏的影响。结果表明：对于基质致密的煤样,解吸气体的δ13C1随时间增加逐渐变重,其变化的速率具有先快后慢的阶段性特点。对于基质疏松的煤样,解吸气体的δ13C1随时间增加先轻后重,这是由于取芯操作及煤样解吸过程中的基质收缩变形破坏了煤体原生结构,从而对正常的同位素分馏效应产生了影响。随着成熟度的增高,煤中微孔丰度增加,气体解吸扩散过程中受的限制增强,同位素分馏效果更显著。压裂裂缝的存在影响了煤层甲烷碳同位素的分馏效果,使得试采过程中井口气样δ13C1的变化规律不明显。 相似文献
6.
南海北部天然气水合物钻探区烃类气体成因类型研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
南海北部天然气水合物钻探区水合物气、顶空气样品和沉积物样品烃类气体组分和甲烷同位素特征测试结果表明,气体样品中烃类气体以甲烷为主,含微量乙烷和丙烷,C1/(C2+C3)值均大于或接近1 000。甲烷的碳同位素值为-54.1‰~-62.2‰,氢同位素值为-180‰~-255‰,属于微生物气或是以微生物气为主的混合气,甲烷由CO2还原生成,由原地提供或侧向运移而来。沉积物样品酸解烃分析显示多数样品甲烷丰度大于90%,含一定量的乙烷、丙烷及少量的丁烷,C1/(C2+C3)值均小于50。甲烷的碳同位素值为-29.8‰~-48.2‰,呈现典型的热解气特征,显示由深部运移而来。 相似文献
7.
松辽盆地庆深气田天然气成因类型鉴别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对松辽盆地徐家围子烃源岩和原油热模拟实验、烷烃气碳同位素组成分析, 认为在高演化阶段单一热力作用可以引起重烃气(δ13C2 > δ13C3 > δ13C4) 碳同位素组成倒转, 但CH4与C2H6(δ13C1 > δ13C2) 却很难发生倒转.庆深气田天然气重甲烷碳同位素组成、烷烃气碳同位素完全倒转、高稀有气体同位素组成(R/Ra > 1.0), 说明该气田天然气来源具有多样性.利用R/Ra与CO2/3He和R/Ra与CH4/3He关系对庆深气田天然气成因类型进行识别, 认为该气田烷烃气中甲烷有部分为无机成因, 重烃气则为有机成因.该地区高地温梯度导致有机成因重烃气碳同位素组成发生倒转, 而CH4与C2H6碳同位素组成倒转主要与重碳同位素的无机甲烷混入有关. 相似文献
8.
含油气盆地油气同位素地球化学研究概述 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：18
以气体地球化学国家重点实验室工作为主，简要概述了对我国含油气的同位素地球化学研究。1．烃气的同位素地球化学：讨论了天然气成因新模式与气藏烃气同位素组成的关系，低演化阶段天然气同位素分馏的二阶段模式，云南中小盆地天然气低演化系列同位素特征及用储层解析气作油气源对比。2．稀有气体同位素地球化学：阐述了^3He/^4He值与中国构造分区，幔源氮的复合成藏和幔源甲烷问题以及气源对比等。3．液态烃同位素地球化学：简述了轻烃碳氢同位素特征及氢同位素作为判别古沉积介质盐度的指标，概述了未熟一低熟油同位素特征及在自然剖面上油和源油抽提物碳同位素分馏特征及其机理。 相似文献
9.
采用真实的砂岩微观模型,通过与实际地质状况较为相似条件下的气驱水运移实验模拟天然气在砂岩孔隙内的二次运移,直接观察了天然气在砂岩孔隙、喉道内运移的过程和特征,在此基础上,分析和探讨了真实砂岩孔隙介质中天然气的微观运移机理。研究发现,天然气运移路径的形态通常迂回曲折,表现复杂的分支状特征,而且气体只沿毛细管阻力最小的运移路径向前运移;受真实砂岩孔隙结构的非均质性和运移动力变化的影响,天然气运移的速率不均一,呈现出跳跃式的运移方式;在孔喉比相差较大的亲水介质中,气体的卡断现象较为普遍,卡断增加了气体运移的阻力,对天然气运移十分不利;外界突发性的振动能够增加天然气运移的有效性。 相似文献
10.
《地球化学》2016,(6)
苏里格南部和高桥高热演化地区古生界天然气具有乙烷等重烃组分含量低,大多数样品的湿气系数小于2%,天然气甲烷碳同位素组成显著偏重,乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素组成变化大等特征。热演化程度更高、甲烷碳同位素更重、湿气系数更低的东南部地区,古生界天然气均显示乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素异常偏轻、碳同位素倒转的特征。通常,当乙烷等重烃组分含量极低的高演化天然气混入少量乙烷等重烃组分含量高、碳同位素组成显著偏轻的天然气就可形成天然气的乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素异常偏轻、碳同位素倒转。早白垩世末盆地抬升阶段初期古地温降至相当于高-过成熟阶段的温度区间时,气源岩和储层中残余的少量液态烃的热裂解生成的天然气混入导致了乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素异常偏轻与碳同位素的倒转。因此,应以甲烷碳同位素组成作为主要指标、乙烷等重烃组分碳同位素组成作为参考指标,结合成藏地质条件进行高演化天然气的成因判识。提出了研究区古生界天然气以煤成气为主,并有一定数量油型气混入的认识。 相似文献
11.
It is well known that oil generated from source rocks of saline-lake facies is characteristic of low Pr/Ph ratio and high
contents of gammacerane. The authors found that gas generated from the same source rocks was high in benzene and cyclohexane
contents and had light carbon isotope compositions. In this study, a series of thermal simulations of gas generations on source
rock with/without evaporites (such as carbonate, gypsum, and sodium chlorite, respectively), were conducted. It was found
that the gypsum played an important role on the catalyzsis of gas generation in the thermal simulations. Compositions of the
gaseous hydrocarbons generated from source rocks with evaporites are very similar to those of natural gases discovered from
northern Dongying Depression. Meanwhile, in the thermal simulations, it was found that the carbon isotopic compositions of
gaseous hydrocarbons generated from source rocks with evaporites are lighter than those of the gases from source rocks without
evaporites. Therefore, it is concluded that natural gases discovered from northern Dongying Depression are the product of
interaction between source rocks and evaporites (especially gypsum) of the saline facies. 相似文献
12.
塔里木盆地西部阿克莫木气田天然气为非烃组份含量较高的干气,干燥系数高达99.7%;天然气δ13C1和δ13C2值明显偏重,δ13C1为- 25.2‰～-21.9,δ13C2为-21.2～-20.2‰,如果按传统的观点该天然气应为过成熟煤成气。但是综合气源对比研究表明阿克莫木气田天然气主要源自石炭系Ⅱ型烃源岩,成藏过程研究表明该气田主要聚集了石炭系烃源岩在Ro为1.5%～1.8%之后生成的天然气,具有晚期阶段聚气的特征,这是造成阿克1井天然气组份很“干”、碳同位素很重的主要原因。 相似文献
13.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2001,65(16):2723-2742
Molecular transport (diffusion) of methane in water-saturated sedimentary rocks results in carbon isotope fractionation. In order to quantify the diffusive isotope fractionation effect and its dependence on total organic carbon (TOC) content, experimental measurements have been performed on three natural shale samples with TOC values ranging from 0.3 to 5.74%. The experiments were conducted at 90°C and fluid pressures of 9 MPa (90 bar). Based on the instantaneous and cumulative composition of the diffused methane, effective diffusion coefficients of the 12CH4 and 13CH4 species, respectively, have been calculated.Compared with the carbon isotopic composition of the source methane (δ13C1 = −39.1‰), a significant depletion of the heavier carbon isotope (13C) in the diffused methane was observed for all three shales. The degree of depletion is highest during the initial non-steady state of the diffusion process. It then gradually decreases and reaches a constant difference (Δ δ = δ13Cdiff −δ13Csource) when approaching the steady-state. The degree of the isotopic fractionation of methane due to molecular diffusion increases with the TOC content of the shales. The carbon isotope fractionation of methane during molecular migration results practically exclusively from differences in molecular mobility (effective diffusion coefficients) of the 12CH4 and 13CH4 entities. No measurable solubility fractionation was observed.The experimental isotope-specific diffusion data were used in two hypothetical scenarios to illustrate the extent of isotopic fractionation to be expected as a result of molecular transport in geological systems with shales of different TOC contents. The first scenario considers the progression of a diffusion front from a constant source (gas reservoir) into a homogeneous “semi-infinite” shale caprock over a period of 10 Ma.In the second example, gas diffusion across a 100 m caprock sequence is analyzed in terms of absolute quantities and isotope fractionation effects. The examples demonstrate that methane losses by molecular diffusion are small in comparison with the contents of commercial size gas accumulations. The degree of isotopic fractionation is related inversely to the quantity of diffused gas so that strong fractionation effects are only observed for relatively small portions of gas.The experimental data can be readily used in numerical basin analysis to examine the effects of diffusion-related isotopic fractionation on the composition of natural gas reservoirs. 相似文献
14.
以甲烷的量子化模型及正构二十四烷(n C24)金管限定体系裂解成气实验为基础,从理论上进一步论述了量子化模型应用于重烃气体（乙烷和丙烷）碳同位素动力学模拟的适应性,计算了甲烷、乙烷及丙烷生烃动力学与碳同位素动力学参数, 重点探讨了δ13C2与δ13C3变化的主控因素。研究结果表明, n C24裂解生成的气态烃碳同位素与早期报道的n C18、n C25及原油裂解生成的气态烃碳同位素具有可比性,可应用于地质条件下解释原油裂解气的某些地球化学特征。n C24生烃地质模型表明,其在150～160℃是稳定的,主要裂解温度介于180～200℃之间,与目前所报道的原油裂解地质模型吻合。随热解程度的增加,δ13C2与δ13C3体现了比δ13C1更明显的变化。气藏充注历史控制的同位素累积效应对天然气碳同位素有很大的影响,与累积聚集气相比,阶段聚集气的δ13C变重,并在更大程度上影响了演化曲线的分异。在此基础上,应用n C24裂解成气碳同位素分馏地质模型探讨了塔里木盆地某些油气藏天然气碳同位素值变化的原因。 相似文献
15.
This work discussed the origins, alteration and accumulation processes of the oil and gas in the Kekeya gas condensate field based on molecular compositions, stable carbon isotopes, light hydrocarbons, diamondoid hydrocarbons and biomarker fingerprints. A comparison study is also made between the geochemical characteristics of the Kekeya hydrocarbons and typical marine and terrigenous hydrocarbons of the Tarim Basin. Natural gas from the Kekeya gas condensate field is derived from Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures while the condensates are derived from Carboniferous–Permian marine source rocks with a higher maturity. In the study area, both natural gas and condensates have experienced severe water washing. A large amount of methane was dissolved into the water, resulting in a decrease in the dryness coefficient. Water washing also makes the carbon isotopic compositions of the natural gas more negative and partially reverse. Considering that the gas maturities are higher than once expected, gas generation intensity in the study area should be much stronger and the gas related to the Jurassic coal measures could promise a greater prospecting potential. As a result of evaporative fractionation, the Kekeya condensates are enriched in saturates and lack aromatics. Evaporative fractionation disguises the original terrigenous characteristics of the light hydrocarbons associated with the natural gas, making it appear marinesourced. Thus, alteration processes should be fully taken into consideration when gas–source correlations are carried out based on light hydrocarbons. With the condensates discovered in the study area all being "migration phase", the pre-salt Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs may promise great exploration potential for the "residual phase" hydrocarbons. This research not only is of significance for oil and gas exploration in the southwest Tarim Basin, but also sheds light on the oil/gas-source correlations in general. 相似文献
16.
辽河盆地是一新生代断陷盆地,盆地内天然气资源丰富,天然气成因复杂.本文通过对该盆地80个天然气样中烃类气体组分组成及同位素组成的分析研究,探讨了该盆地烃类气体的成因,为盆地天然气勘探提供了地球化学方面的信息. 相似文献
17.
以气体地球化学国家重点实验室工作为主,简要概述了对我国含油气的同位素地球化学研究。1. 烃气的同位素地球化学:讨论了天然气成因新模式与气藏烃气同位素组成的关系,低演化阶段天然气同位素分馏的二阶段模式,云南中小盆地天然气低演化系列同位素特征及用储层解析气作油气源对比。2. 稀有气体同位素地球化学:阐述了3He/4He值与中国构造分区, 幔源氦的复合成藏和幔源甲烷问题以及气源对比等。3. 液态烃同位素地球化学:简述了轻烃碳氢同位素特征及氢同位素作为判别古沉积介质盐度的指标,概述了未熟-低熟油同位素特征及在自然剖面上油和源岩抽提物碳同位素分馏特征及其机理。 相似文献
18.
川西坳陷南段是四川盆地主要的天然气产区之一。前人对该区天然气的来源有多种见解。为了更清楚地认识此地区天然气的来源与运移，本文分析了平落坝、大兴西和白马庙气田16件天然气样品的C1-C4烃及CO2组份的碳同位素组成。所获得的同位素数据结合化学成份和地质资料表明，3个气田的烃类完全是热解成因的，都来源于气田下面的上三叠统烃源岩。这些气田的甲、乙烷碳同位素组成随深度呈不同规律的变化，这些变化归因于烃源岩生烃的热解过程和烃类运移的动力学过程。平落坝气田中侏罗统气藏的烃类大部份形成于烃源岩低成熟和成熟的早期阶段并受到晚期成熟气体的不断补给。平落坝和大兴西气田多数气藏的烃类被认为是从源区垂直向上运移通过上伏地层而进入气藏的，白马庙气田的烃类被认为是沿断裂通道向上侏罗统气藏聚集的。平落坝和大兴西气田的δ^13Cco2值有很宽的分布范围(-10.7‰～-0.7‰)，这表明气田的CO2由来自基底的海洋碳酸盐岩无机碳成份和沉积地层的有机碳成份混合而成。这些气田的[He／CH4]-[N2／CH4]值之间和δ^13Cco2-δ^13Cc1值之间的相关性表明，非烃气体在进入气藏前已同烃类很好地混合，并被CH4为主流相的气流携带着向气藏运移。 相似文献