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1.
联合卫星重力、卫星测高和海洋资料研究中国南海海平面变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用卫星测高、GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)卫星重力和海洋实测与模式资料,在季节和年际尺度上,探讨了海水比容变化和海水质量变化对中国南海海平面变化的影响.在季节尺度上,利用测高和ECCO(Estimation of the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean)模式得到的南海海水质量引起的海平面变化的周年振幅和GRACE卫星独立观测的结果在地理分布上有很好的一致性.GRACE卫星观测到海水质量引起的南海平均海平面变化具有明显的季节性变化,其周年振幅为(2.7±0.4)cm;利用另一种独立的方法(测高减比容)得到的平均海平面周年振幅为(2.7±0.3)cm,两者符合得很好.在年际尺度上,南海平均海平面变化表现出明显的年际变化特征,且主要为比容海平面变化的贡献.卫星测高结果表明,1993～2009年的南海平均海平面变化为(5.5±0.7)mm/a,明显高于同期全球平均海平面变化趋势(3.3±0.4)mm/a.GRACE卫星观测到的海水质量变化没有表现出明显的趋势信号,这说明南海整体上与周边海域或陆地水的水循环是平衡的. 相似文献
2.
用经验正交函数分析方法,对中国近海14年多的测高海平面同化格网资料进行分析,给出了黄海、东海和南海各海平面变化主要主成分的空间变化和时间变化特征.用标准Morlet小波变换方法分析了各海区主成分时间变化序列的时频特征.分析结果表明,各主成分的空间分布特征与当地的海洋环流或洋流特征相对应.时频分析结果显示,中国近海海平面变化的显著周期主要为年周期信号.其次,黄海和东海还显示准2个月的非稳态信号,东海和南海具有较显著的半年周期信号,东海半年周期信号的能量不稳定.此外,在南海及台湾东部海域,首次发现存在较为显著的准540天周期信号,其动力学机制目前尚不明确.坎门和西沙验潮站资料的时频特征分析也验证了该信号的存在.最后本文给出了中国近海海平面在1993~2007年间的平均上升速率和其区域分布特征. 相似文献
3.
本文在考虑洋底压力变化的情况下,利用2003~2008年融合多颗卫星的测高资料估计了全球和中国近海的海水热含量变化.顾及洋底压力(OBP)变化以及热膨胀系数随海水深度变化的影响,提出的改进方法提高了对中高纬度地区热含量变化的估算精度.在OBP变化较为明显的北太平洋区域I(30°N~50°N,170°E~190°E)、南印度洋区域II(40°S~60°S,100°E~120°E)和南太平洋区域III(40°S~60°S,100°W~120°W),改进方法的均方差较传统方法分别降低了16.3%、60.5%和48.4%.同时研究表明,卫星测高的精度以及盐度变化是影响中高纬度地区热含量估计精度的重要因素.在中国近海地区,东海和黄海的热含量主要表现为周年变化;南海区域的热含量除周年变化外,还存在半周年项和年际变化项,且南海的海水热含量近年有增加的趋势. 相似文献
4.
海平面对大气压变化的响应在理想情况下接近均衡态海洋响应.在这个假设下,任何海域的大气压变化都会瞬时传播到整个海洋上.通过比较大气压和海平面变化的标准差,可以发现,在空间尺度上,大气压变化主要是长波信号,而海平面变化除了长波信号外,还存在明显的短波长信号.由大气压变化驱动的海平面变化应与大气压变化在空间尺度上具有一致性.因此,可以对海平面数据进行空间高斯低通滤波,来得到与大气压变化更相近的空间标准差分布.通过阶振幅谱分析,表明海平面对大气压变化响应的空间尺度为800 km. 相似文献
5.
利用中国740站45年降水资料按5种分辨率分气候区计算了降水年际和年代际变率. 降水年际和年代际变率对空间尺度的敏感性分析表明，中国各气候区降水年际变率对空间尺度的敏感性都随空间尺度的增加而逐渐减小，且存在明显的季节变化，而年代际变率对空间尺度的敏感性却随空间尺度的增加而增大，但不存在季节变化；由于中国各气候区降水的特殊性，各气候区降水年际和年代际变率对空间尺度的敏感程度存在不可忽视的差异.在年际和年代际尺度上，西南地区降水变率对空间尺度都是最敏感的，因而该区域降水年际和年代际变率信号的检测最困难.而华南地区在年际尺度上比较敏感，年代际尺度却不敏感，但华南地区在年际和年代际尺度上区域内降水分布的非均匀程度对空间尺度的敏感性都最大. 相似文献
6.
利用10年高精度卫星测高海面高异常网格资料,联合EGM96稳态海面地形模型,构成南海海域合成海面地形的时间序列,并计算了各个时期的南海表层地转流场. 利用卫星跟踪漂流浮标观测结果与相应时期南海地转流场进行对比验证,结果显示本文结果可以很好地反映南海海域一些中小尺度的环流特征. 根据南海各季节多年平均表层环流场结构,对南海环流周年变化规律和季节特征进行了初步的探讨. 研究结果表明,南海表层环流始终处在不断演变过程之中,在时间和空间上都表现出明显的多尺度特征. 相似文献
7.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(11)
黄海和东海作为中国最为重要的陆架边缘海,其碳源汇的性质与变化对近海生态系统及区域气候演变具有重要影响.文章从海气界面CO_2交换、水体溶解/颗粒碳溶存及沉积物碳埋藏等3个方面归纳总结了黄东海碳源汇特征与控制过程,以期为进一步研究陆架边缘海碳源汇过程及效应提供帮助.(1)黄海和东海具有迥异的海气CO_2交换特性.黄海的海气CO_2交换在源汇性质及通量强度上存在较大不确定性,黄海的124°E以西的海域在冬、春季表现为大气CO_2的汇,在夏、秋季表现为源,而大量的研究结果显示在全年尺度上黄海是大气CO_2的源.表层海水温度与浮游生物活动控制着黄海CO_2源汇的变化,两者分别主导了黄海外部海域与近岸海域的海气CO_2交换通量.东海全年则表现为大气CO_2的碳汇,年均通量约为(-4.2±3.2)mmol m~(-2)d~(-1),共可吸收碳约13.7×10~6t,其中冬、春、夏季吸收大气CO_2,秋季释放CO_2.东海不同季节海气界面CO_2通量的年际变化的影响因素复杂多变.(2)黄海和东海水体中分别储有425×10~6t、1364×10~6t的DIC和28.2×10~6t、54.1×10~6t的DOC,从南黄海近年DOC浓度有减小趋势看,其水体溶存"实际碳汇"量在减小.黄东海POC的总量约10.6×10~6t,与海气界面CO_2交换通量基本处于同一量级.黄海浮游生物年固碳量约为60.42×10~6t,东海为153.41×10~6t,其中近海大型经济藻类的年固碳量约为0.36×10~6～0.45×10~6t,生物固碳是具有多重价值的"蓝碳增汇"举措.(3)黄海陆架沉积物中有机碳的埋藏通量每年约为4.75×10~6t,其中海源有机碳的埋藏量为3.03×10~6t,占黄海浮游生物固碳量的5.0%,而东海陆架沉积物中有机碳的埋藏通量为每年7.4×10~6t,其中海源有机碳的埋藏量为5.5×10~6t,占东海浮游生物固碳量的5.4%.黄东海具有高于全球海洋平均水平的沉积物埋藏通量,对黄东海最终的"蓝碳增汇"作用巨大. 相似文献
8.
海平面变化是社会经济发展和科学研究的重要内容.利用1993年1月至2012年12月共20年的TOPEX/Poseidon、Jason-1和Jason-2卫星测高数据,研究中国海海平面的时空变化.首先通过三颗卫星伴飞阶段数据得到三颗卫星之间的逐点海面高系统偏差,进行逐点海面高改正,建立了20年的中国海海面高异常时间序列.分析了中国海海面高异常空间分布,给出了1月到12月月均平均海平面异常的空间变化规律.分析了中国海海面高异常的时变规律,分别给出了年、季度和月的海面上升速率.利用小波分析研究了中国海海面高异常周期变化规律,分别给出了渤海、黄海、东海和南海的海面高变化周期.讨论了ENSO对海面高异常的影响. 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2018,(11)
中国海总面积约470万平方公里,纵跨热带、亚热带、温带、北温带等多个气候带.其中,南海北依"世界第三极"青藏高原、南邻"全球气候引擎"西太平洋暖池,东海拥有全球最宽的陆架之一,跨陆架物质运输显著,黄海是冷暖流交汇区域,渤海则是受人类活动高度影响的内湾浅海.中国海内有长江、黄河、珠江等大河输入,外邻全球两大西边界流之一的黑潮.这些鲜明的特色赋予了中国海碳储库和通量研究的典型代表意义.文章从不同海区(渤海、黄海、东海、南海)、不同界面(陆-海、海-气、水柱-沉积物、边缘海-大洋等),以及不同生态系统(红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床、海藻养殖、珊瑚礁、水柱生态系统等)多层面对海洋碳库与通量进行了较系统地综合分析,初步估算了各个碳库的储量与不同碳库间的通量.就海气通量而言,渤海向大气中释放CO_2约0.22Tg Ca~(-1),黄海吸收CO_2约1.15Tg Ca~(-1),东海吸收CO_2约6.92～23.30Tg Ca~(-1),南海释放CO_2约13.86～33.60Tg Ca~(-1).如果仅考虑海-气界面的CO_2交换,中国海总体上是大气CO_2的"源",净释放量约6.01～9.33Tg Ca~(-1).这主要是由于河流输入以及邻近大洋输入所致.河流输入渤黄海、东海、南海的溶解无机碳(DIC)分别为5.04、14.60和40.14Tg Ca~(-1),而邻近大洋输入DIC更是高达144.81Tg Ca~(-1),远超中国海向大气释放的碳量.渤海、黄海、东海、南海的沉积有机碳通量分别为2.00、3.60、7.40、7.49Tg Ca~(-1).东海和南海向邻近大洋输送有机碳通量分别为15.25～36.70和43.39Tg Ca~(-1).就生态系统而言,中国沿海红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床有机碳埋藏通量为0.36Tg Ca~(-1),海草床溶解有机碳(DOC)输出通量为0.59Tg Ca~(-1);中国近海海藻养殖移出碳通量0.68Tg Ca~(-1),沉积和DOC释放通量分别为0.14和0.82Tg Ca~(-1).总计,中国海有机碳年输出通量为81.72～103.17Tg Ca~(-1).中国海的有机碳输出以DOC形式为主,东海向邻近大洋输出的DOC通量约15.00～35.00Tg Ca~(-1),南海输出约31.39Tg Ca~(-1).综上,尽管从海-气通量看中国海是大气CO_2的"源",但考虑了河流、大洋输入、沉积输出以及微型生物碳泵(DOC转化输出)作用后,中国海是重要的储碳区.需要指出的是,文章数据是基于中国海各海区碳循环研究报道,鉴于不同研究方法上的差异,所得数据难免有一定的误差范围,亟待将来统一方法标准下的更多深入研究和分析. 相似文献
10.
本文从海面高度异常与海洋热含量变化的线性关系出发,利用1992～2004年多颗卫星融合海面高度资料,对南海海域的热含量异常进行了计算.这一计算结果与基于气候态温盐资料计算的热含量季节变化具有很好的一致性.本文得到的结果还显示南海热含量异常具有明显的长周期变化,表现为:1992～1998年基本保持比较稳定的年际变化特征,1998年之后,热含量出现明显的跃变,这一跃变一直维持到2001年,在2002年开始出现热含量的递减趋势.对此时间序列进行谐波分析可以看出,南海热含量异常除了具有显著的年变化周期外,还存在明显的0.5、1.5、2.4、4年和6年的变化周期.进一步分析还发现,南海12月份热含量异常可以作为南海夏季风爆发的一种预报指标. 相似文献
11.
Hui Wang Kexiu Liu Aimei Wang Jianlong Feng Wenjing Fan Qiulin Liu Yao Xu Zengjian Zhang 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(4-5):485-495
Based on coastal tide level, satellite altimetry, and sea surface temperature (SST) data of offshore areas of China’s coast and the equatorial Pacific Ocean, the regional characteristics of the effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the sea level in the China Sea were investigated. Singular value decomposition results show a significant teleconnection between the sea level in the China Sea and the SST of the tropical Pacific Ocean; the correlation coefficient decreases from south to north. Data from tide gauges along China’s coast show that the seasonal sea-level variations are significantly correlated with the ENSO. In addition, China’s coast was divided into three regions based on distinctive regional characteristics. Results obtained show that the annual amplitude of sea level was low during El Niño developing years, and especially so during the El Niño year. The ENSO intensity determined the response intensity of the annual amplitude of the sea level. The response region (amplitude) was relatively large for strong ENSO intensities. Significant oscillation periods at a timescale of 4–7 years existed in the sea level of the three regions. The largest amplitude of oscillation was 1.5 cm, which was the fluctuation with the 7-year period in the South China Sea. The largest amplitude of oscillation in the East China Sea was about 1.3 cm. The amplitude of oscillation with the 6-year period in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea was the smallest (less than 1 cm). 相似文献
12.
M. V. Isupova 《Water Resources》2008,35(6):615-634
Long-term water level variations in the Volga mouth area and the effect exerted on them by the river’s flow and the Caspian Sea’s level variations are considered. Quantitative relationships were identified between the mean annual water levels at different gages in the mouth and the sea level. A backwater component was isolated in the long-term variations in water level in the Volga mouth area. Relationships between the daily water levels in the mouth and the Caspian Sea’s level at fixed water flow in the delta apex are presented. The magnitude and the propagation distance of backwater from the sea into the delta are specified. The responses of the mouth areas of rivers emptying into the Caspian Sea to sea level variations in the past century are compared. 相似文献
13.
雷达卫星SAR与防卫气象卫星SSM/I对渤海海冰的观测研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
用雷达卫星(RADARSAT)合成孔径雷达(SAR)和防卫气象卫星(DMSP)特别微波成像辐射计(SSM/I)在1999年1月23日同一天对中国渤海区域海冰的观测数据，进行了主动SAR与被动SSM/I的组合研究.用一层海冰电磁散射辐射的建模与数值模拟，分析了中纬度渤海沿岸海冰的特征性变化，提出用SSM/I辐射亮度温度的散射指数、极化指数、极化比率来识别渤海海冰；用RADARSAT高分辨率SAR数据(水平极化后向散射系数)对渤海海冰物理特征进行识别与分类.这些特征指数在时间与空间尺度上的相关变化可有效地应用于渤海海冰的监察. 相似文献
14.
An annual amplitude of ∼18 cm mass-induced sea level variations (SLV) in the Red Sea is detected from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites and steric-corrected altimetry from 2003 to 2011. The annual mass variations in the region dominate the mean SLV, and generally reach maximum in late January/early February. The annual steric component of the mean SLV is relatively small (<3 cm) and out of phase of the mass-induced SLV. In situ bottom pressure records at the eastern coast of the Red Sea validate the high mass variability observed by steric-corrected altimetry and GRACE. In addition, the horizontal water mass flux of the Red Sea estimated from GRACE and steric-corrected altimetry is validated by hydrographic observations. 相似文献
15.
Characteristics of coastal trapped waves along the northern coast of the South China Sea during year?1990 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The structures and evolution of the coastal-trapped waves (CTW) along the northern coast of the South China Sea (SCS) in the year?1990 are studied using observed hourly sea level records collected from four sites around the northern SCS and a three-dimensional numerical model with realistic bathymetry and wind forcing. Analysis of the yearlong records of the observed sea level data indicates that the sea level variations are highly correlated between the stations and the sea level variability propagates southwestward along the coast. The sea level signals traveling from northeast to southwest along the coast with a propagation speed of 5.5–17.9?m?s?1 during both the typhoon season and the winter month show the characteristics of a CTW. The wave speed is faster between stations Shanwei and Zhapo than that between Xiamen and Shanwei. Sea level variations during both typhoon season and winter month are reasonably well represented by the numerical model. The model runs focused on the wave signals related to typhoons and winter storm show that the CTW propagating southwestward along the coast can be reinforced or decreased by the local wind forcing during its propagation and there are apparent differences in the propagation characteristics between the waves along the mainland and those traveling around Hainan Island. The abrupt change of the shelf width and coastline around Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island are responsible for strong scattering of CTWs from one mode into higher modes. The alongshore velocities across different transects associated with CTW are investigated to examine the vertical structures of the waves. The alongshore velocity structures at transects during different events are related to the combined effect of stratification and shelf profile, which can be estimated using the Burger number. The empirical orthogonal function analysis of alongshore velocity and nodal lines of the mode structure suggest mode two CTWs in transect S2 during typhoon season and mode 1 CTWs during winter. Sensitivity model experiments are also performed to demonstrate the effects of local wind and topography on the wave propagation. 相似文献
16.
GRACE卫星的成功发射为海底沉积物的监测提供了新的方法.利用2003-2014年间的GRACERL05数据,采用同期的测高数据对海面高变化进行改正,使用水文模式数据和基于均一假设的尺度因子估计方法处理泄漏误差,反演了东海地区的沉积物变化情况,并对GIA效应进行了改正.结果表明:东海入海口处沉积物的平均变化速率为5.44±0.88mm·a^-1,最大值出现在浙江沿海地区,变化速率为6~7mm·a^-1;在空间分布上,呈现河口处沉积速率大,远离河口的大洋地区沉积速率小的特征.在时空分布上均与实测数据很好的吻合.沉积物变化时间序列的周年项振为6.8cm,周年变化主要与东海泥沙扩散路径相关的海洋环流模式有关;半周年项和两周年项振幅分别为0.6cm和0.7cm,这两项变化主要与长江流域降水引起的土壤侵蚀变化有关.最后,分析讨论了本文沉积物监测方法推广到其他地区的适用性和局限性. 相似文献
17.
The available observational data on variations of oil hydrocarbon concentrations in White Sea tributaries and in individual parts of the sea are analyzed, and the contributions of different external sources to marine environment pollution are evaluated. The results of calculations are used to determine the possible total input of hydrocarbons from additional potential sources—internal natural (production by microorganisms) and external anthropogenic (navigation and sea shipping), which are most active in the summer and autumn. The hydroecological CNPSi-model is used to reproduce the processes of pollution of nine areas in the White Sea by oil hydrocarbons and their subsequent biodegradation in the marine environment. The annual dynamics of hydrocarbon concentrations was calculated using the long-term annual observations of monthly variations of the temperature, light intensity, and transparency of water, data on the morphometry of sea areas (the squares, mean depths, and water volumes) and water exchange between the chosen areas, calculated by a hydrodynamic model. For large bays (Dvina, Kandalaksha), the calculated concentrations of oil hydrocarbons are shown to be in agreement with the available estimates (the mean and maximal concentrations). The annual variations of oil hydrocarbon concentrations; the biomasses, oxidation activity and bioproduction characteristics of oil hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria are characterized. The calculated internal fluxes of oil hydrocarbons (the inputs from different sources, horizontal transport, and biotransformation) were used to calculate their annual balances for individual areas and the sea as a whole, showing the balanced character of their fluxes with the total balance discrepancies for individual areas varying within 0.3–4.1%. 相似文献
18.
The available observational data on the pollution of tributaries and areas of the Caspian Sea by petroleum hydrocarbons and
products are examined. The possible petroleum input from sources in the sea is assessed using up-to-date data of satellite
observations of sea surface pollution by oil films. The hydroecological CNPSi-model is applied to studying water pollution
processes by petroleum hydrocarbons in ten areas chosen in the Caspian Sea and the subsequent biodegradation of those pollutants.
The model calculations of the within-year dynamics of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations use mean annual observational data
on within-year variations in water mediium characteristics (water temperature, light intensity, and transparency), as well
as the morphometric parameters of sea areas (the area, mean depth, and water volumes). The characteristics of water exchange
between the areas were evaluated using a hydrodynamic model. The model calculations were used to characterize the within-year
variations in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations, the biomasses of petroleum-oxidizing bacteria, the characteristics of
their oxidation activity and bioproduction, and the internal fluxes of petroleum hydrocarbons (their input from various sources,
horizontal and vertical transport, and biotransformation) in different sea areas. Calculation results were used to compile
annual balances for the processes of input and consumption of petroleum hydrocarbons in the chosen and aggregated sea areas. 相似文献