共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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借鉴Parry(1986)方法的思路, 提出求解含CO2盐水流体包裹体摩尔体积和组分(Vm-X)的新方法. 新方法以实测包裹体气-液相CO2部分均一温度及均一方式(Th,CO2), 包裹体盐度(S)和包裹体完全均一温度(Th)为原始数据, 构建了含XCO2、XNaCl、Vm及F(包裹体气-液相CO2部分均一时CO2相的充填度)四个未知量的四个关联方程. 通过解四个方程构成的方程组, 求取包裹体的Vm-X值. 前三个方程为XCO2、XNaCl和Vm的数学表达式, 它们只与Th,CO2、S和F相关, 其简化的形式可表示为: ; ; . 第四个方程为包裹体完全均一时XCO2、XNaCl、Vm和Th间的热力学关系式, 简化形式为: . 解方程组要使用迭代求解法, 过程如下: 先给定F值代入前三个方程, 可分别求得XCO2、XNaCl和一个摩尔体积值Vm1, 然后把求得的XCO2、XNaCl代入方程f4 求出另一个摩尔体积值Vm2, 当Vm1＝Vm2, Vm1(Vm2)、F、XCO2和XNaCl即为整个方程组的解, 如符合地质意义, 即求得了包裹体的Vm-X值. 与Parry(1986)方法相比, 该方法更易于使用, 对XCO2的求解也更精确. 新方法适用于求解CO2气-液相部分均一时, 温度高于笼合物熔化温度, 且不含固相石盐的含CO2盐水体系流体包裹体. 相似文献
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用分段加热法测定的雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的He和Ne同位素组成: 来自深部地幔的信息 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
使用分段加热法测定了雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩各组合岩石的He, Ne含量和同位素组成. 雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩中, 玄武岩样品各温度段的R值均高于大气值; 白郎蛇纹岩在700℃释放出的气体具有32.66Ra的He同位素组成, 表明该蛇纹岩含有深部地幔流体; 辉绿岩样品在低温步均表现出具有热点特征的、远高于MORBs的R值(地球上的热点起源于深部地幔, 具有超过30 Ra的R值). 在Ne同位素体系图中, Ne同位素数据主要沿Loihi Line分布, 这也说明雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的各组合岩石的流体组分主要源于深部地幔. 这些特征揭示了该特提斯洋形成环境有地幔柱的参与. 没有在玄武岩样品中观测到地幔柱型He的原因可能是壳源流体改造导致的. 相似文献
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镁粒磷锰矿Mg-Fillowite的矿物学及其晶体结构测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对产于我国新疆阿尔泰地区白云母伟晶岩中的复杂磷酸盐矿物——镁粒磷锰矿(Na2Ca-(Mn4Mg2Fe)7[PO4]6)进行了矿物学研究及晶体结构的精确测定. 确定其为三方晶系, 空间群为R-3; 晶胞参数: a = 1.5143(3) nm, c = 4.3193(2) nm; 晶胞体积V = 8.5736 nm3. 单位晶胞内的分子数Z = 18. 结构的测定精度偏离因子R (I > 2σ (I)) = 0.0776. 晶体结构中阳离子配位多面体构成“复合柱”和“螺旋柱”两种结构单元. 两种结构单元在三维空间以多面体共棱或共角顶形式相连接, 构成结构整体. 结构测定表明, 从该矿物晶体结构的不对称单位内原子数(45个)、晶胞体积及其含有的原子数(单位晶胞内含720个)、配位多面体种类及连接方式等方面看, 其复杂程度在所有种属的矿物晶体结构中实属罕见. 该结构的阐明对于磷酸盐矿物分类及复杂结构中配位多面体构筑规律的探索均具有重要意义. 相似文献
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台风轴对称环流和非轴对称扰动非线性相互作用的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用一个高分辨的准地转正压模式, 数值地研究了台风轴对称环流和非轴对称扰动之间的非线性相互作用, 并指出这种相互作用可以区分为两种类型. 一类为非轴对称扰动衰减, 相对涡度极大值ξmax的坐标轨迹貌似无序, 台风中心气压上升. 另一类为非轴对称扰动发展, ξmax的坐标轨迹呈有序的极限环形态, 台风中心气压显著下降. 提出了一个简洁的条件, 用以判断这种相互作用属于哪种类型: 即R β < 1属于衰减型, Rβ > 1属于发展型(这里Rβ为初始时刻的涡旋β Rossby数). 最后讨论了旋转适应理论及本研究的数值结果在我国台风强度预测方面的实用意义. 相似文献
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关中平原第5层古土壤发育时的气候与土壤水环境研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据关中平原4个剖面第5层古土壤风化特征的研究得出, 该层古土壤风化剖面厚度大, 明显超出了土壤发育的厚度, 形成了厚2 m多的风化淋滤黄土层; 第5层古土壤之下的黏土胶膜、风化淋滤黄土层、Fe2O3, CaCO3和元素Sr分布深度指示关中平原该层土壤发育时年平均降水量达到了900余毫米, 含水量高的土壤重力水带分布深度至少达到了4.2 m, 在每年4.2 m深度范围土层含水量一般都在20%以上, 4.2~5 m深度范围内土层含水量也较高, 当时土壤水分充足, 没有土壤干层形成, 适于森林植被发育. 该层土壤发育时的年平均降水量显著大于年土壤总蒸发量, 水量平衡为明显的正值, 大气降水能够正常补给地下水. 该层土壤发育的中、晚期土壤水具弱酸性特征. 关中平原第5层古土壤发育时为亚热带气候, 而且比亚热带北缘的气候更暖湿一些. 那时秦岭以南和以北均为亚热带气候, 当时秦岭失去了亚热带与温带气候分界线的作用, 夏季风活动强度大, 能频繁越过秦岭山脉, 并给该区带来了丰富的降水, 决定了当时土层含水量较高. 相似文献
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中国大陆及邻近地区Lg尾波的Q值分布 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
10个中国数字地震台网(CDSN)台站和5个全球地震台网(GSN)台站所记录的785个浅源地震的宽带垂直分量, 被用来研究中国大陆及邻近地区Lg尾波的衰减特性. 首先运用叠加谱比法对各记录进行处理, 得到与各路径相对应的椭圆内Lg尾波的Q0 (1 Hz处的Q值)和频率相关因子η的平均值. 进一步应用反投影技术, 得到Lg尾波的Q0值和η值的成像图及其误差分布. 结果表明, 在所研究的范围内, Q0在200~500的范围内变化. 最低的Q0发生在滇藏地区; 最高的Q0发生在西伯利亚地台的南端. η值的变化范围在0.3~0.8之间. 对于所研究的大部分地区, η值呈现出与Q0值的反向变化关系. 相似文献
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借助相似性定理推导出波浪破碎形成的气泡总数与气体体积卷入率、湍流能谱密度以及表面张力之间的关系, 得出泡径谱的指数为-2.5+nd, 其中nd取决于湍流能谱在黏性耗散区的分布. 利用引入的两个破碎统计量, 进一步导出了破碎过程中的气体体积卷入率Q的表达式, 建立了泡径谱与波浪要素的联系. 在此基础上, 利用观测结果提出两点假设, 并据此将泡径谱N(a)推广为随泡径和深度的分布函数N(a, z). 相似文献
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针对黄土丘陵地区高填方下大厚度黄土地基强夯加固参数及效果开展了系列试验研究,分析了强夯前、后各试验区平均夯沉量和土体主要物理力学指标的变化规律,并给出6 000、8 000、10 000、12 000 kN·m能级条件下强夯加固的夯点中心距、击数、有效加固深度等主要参数,在此基础上确定了强夯有效加固深度的估算方法。试验结果表明,加固后黄土的孔隙比、干密度和湿陷系数可作为强夯加固效果的评价指标;强夯处理后地基土的物理力学指标在满足设计要求时其下限深度即为有效处理深度;在湿陷性大厚度黄土地区,以夯点土和夯间土湿陷性均消除的地基土下限深度可作为有效处理深度。 相似文献
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High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh wave phase velocities can be inverted to shear (S)-wave velocities for a layered earth model up to 30 m below the ground surface in many settings. Given S-wave velocity (VS), compressional (P)-wave velocity (VP), and Rayleigh wave phase velocities, it is feasible to solve for P-wave quality factor QP and S-wave quality factor QS in a layered earth model by inverting Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Model results demonstrate the plausibility of inverting QS from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Contributions to the Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients from QP cannot be ignored when Vs/VP reaches 0.45, which is not uncommon in near-surface settings. It is possible to invert QP from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients in some geological setting, a concept that differs from the common perception that Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients are always far less sensitive to QP than to QS. Sixty-channel surface wave data were acquired in an Arizona desert. For a 10-layer model with a thickness of over 20 m, the data were first inverted to obtain S-wave velocities by the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method and then quality factors were determined by inverting attenuation coefficients. 相似文献
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Numerical simulations of full-wave fields and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Currently, numerical simulations of seismic channel waves for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways focus mainly on modeling twodimensional wave fields and therefore cannot accurately simulate three-dimensional (3-D) full-wave fields or seismic records in a full-space observation system. In this study, we use the first-order velocity–stress staggered-grid finite difference algorithm to simulate 3-D full-wave fields with P-wave sources in front of coal mine roadways. We determine the three components of velocity Vx, Vy, and Vz for the same node in 3-D staggered-grid finite difference models by calculating the average value of Vy, and Vz of the nodes around the same node. We ascertain the wave patterns and their propagation characteristics in both symmetrical and asymmetric coal mine roadway models. Our simulation results indicate that the Rayleigh channel wave is stronger than the Love channel wave in front of the roadway face. The reflected Rayleigh waves from the roadway face are concentrated in the coal seam, release less energy to the roof and floor, and propagate for a longer distance. There are surface waves and refraction head waves around the roadway. In the seismic records, the Rayleigh wave energy is stronger than that of the Love channel wave along coal walls of the roadway, and the interference of the head waves and surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave is weaker than with the Love channel wave. It is thus difficult to identify the Love channel wave in the seismic records. Increasing the depth of the receivers in the coal walls can effectively weaken the interference of surface waves with the Rayleigh channel wave, but cannot weaken the interference of surface waves with the Love channel wave. Our research results also suggest that the Love channel wave, which is often used to detect geological structures in coal mine stopes, is not suitable for detecting geological structures in front of coal mine roadways. Instead, the Rayleigh channel wave can be used for the advance detection of geological structures in coal mine roadways. 相似文献
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剪切波速与地基土的抗剪强度、剪切模量和卓越周期等参数密切相关,是地震安全性评价中判定场地类别的一个主要指标和参数。鉴于海域工程中剪切波速往往难以直接由原位测得,而室内实验结果又常常与野外现场物探测试值存在较大差异,因此,如何通过其他途径有效获取满足工程需要的剪切波速参数在海域工程的地震安全性评价等方面具有迫切的实用需求。为此本文通过对渤海海域数十个石油平台项目中一系列饱和黏性土样品的剪切波速与抗剪强度实验数据的统计分析,尝试采用多种可能的函数来拟合确定二者之间的经验关系。结果表明:对于渤海海域黏性土剪切波速V_s与抗剪强度S_u之间的最佳统计经验关系为幂函数V_s=53.751S_u~(0.376)。此关系可为渤海海域工程中通过不排水抗剪强度估算剪切波速提供一种简便可行的实用性方法。 相似文献
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利用地震噪声准实时监测短周期面波波速变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
依据由噪声信号提取面波格林函数的原理,利用福建省地震台网25个宽频带台站2007年7月2日—8月29日的脉动观测资料,得到了瑞雷波群速度在福建地区的分布,并将该结果作为下一步相对变化动态成像的背景速度分布．分布结果表明,福建地区周期为3—5s的瑞雷波群速度大致在2.9—3.1km/s之间,平均速度为3.0km/s,瑞雷波群速度分布呈北高南低的现象,这与福建地区北部多山、南部多平原盆地的地理环境有很好的吻合．而且,该群速度分布图在漳州盆地地区表现出一个非常明显的低速,这主要是因为受到盆地沉积层的影响．通过滑动窗（窗长为20d,步长1d）技术得到了观测区内周期约为3-5s的瑞雷波波速分布变化的连续图像;再利用扣除背景影响的技术,得到了2007年8月14日—2008年7月1日福建地区瑞雷波波速的相对变化时空动态图像．通过分析相对变化时空动态图像与该时间范围内发生的地震的对应关系,表明福建地区瑞雷波波速在多次网内中等强度的地震或震群（ML＞3.0）中均表现出震前波速升高,震后下降恢复的变化趋势．初步分析认为,这可能与震前整个地区受到的应力增大震后应力得到释放所导致的介质变化有关． 相似文献
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Understanding the soil–structure interaction (SSI) mechanism is crucial in the seismic design of nuclear power plant (NPP) containment systems. Although the numerical analysis method is generally used in seismic design, there is a need for experimental verification for the reliable estimation of SSI behavior. In this study a dynamic centrifuge test was performed to simulate the SSI behavior of a Hualien large-scale seismic test (LSST) during the Chi-Chi earthquake. To simulate the soil profile and dynamic soil properties of the Hualien site, a series of resonant column (RC) tests was performed to determine the model soil preparation conditions, such as the compaction density and the ratio of soil–gravel contents. The variations in the shear wave velocity (VS) profiles of the sand, gravel, and backfill layers in the model were estimated using the RC test results. During the centrifuge test, the VS profiles of the model were evaluated using in-flight bender element tests and compared with the in-situ VS profile at Hualien. The containment building model was modeled using aluminum and the proper scaling laws. A series of dynamic centrifuge tests was performed with a 1/50 scale model using the base motion recorded during the Chi-Chi-earthquake. In the soil layer and foundation level, the centrifuge test results were similar to the LSST data in both the time and frequency domains, but there were differences in the structure owing to the complex structural response as well as the material damping difference between the concrete in the prototype and aluminum in the model. In addition, as the input base motion amplitude was increased to a maximum value of 0.4g (prototype scale), the responses of the soil and containment model were measured. This study shows the potential of utilizing dynamic centrifuge tests as an experimental modeling tool for site specific SSI analyses of soil–foundation–NPP containment system. 相似文献
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利用云南和中国地震台网30个台站记录的远震资料,采用接收函数扫描法和线性反演方法对云南及其邻区的壳幔速度结构进行了研究,获得了研究区内地壳厚度、Vp/Vs以及壳幔速度的分布特征.利用接收函数扫描（H-k）法和线性反演方法获取的台站下方地壳厚度结果表明,研究区地壳厚度变化剧烈.速度结构研究结果表明,红河断裂以西的腾冲-保山地块和思茅地块,以及南华板块北部地区的台站（如攀枝花、丽江、东川、永胜等）下方地壳均存在下地壳低速层,且具有高的地壳平均Vp/Vs值.这些不仅暗示研究区的下地壳低速异常可能为高温甚至高温导致的部分熔融所致,同时,也意味着该区下地壳的物质易于发生塑性流动,为地壳的变形和增厚创造了条件.红河断裂带作为云南地区的一个主要边界断裂,其西侧地区地壳厚度变化较东侧剧烈,另一方面,红河断裂西侧的平均地壳Vp/Vs值较其东侧要高.综合前人关于研究区岩石圈速度结构、地热流值、重力场和上地幔各向异性等地球物理场的研究结果.我们推断,现今的思茅块体和保山-腾冲块体在大地构造上应归属于冈瓦纳板块. 相似文献
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Forward modeling is of critical importance for inversion analysis of surface wave methods to obtain shear-wave velocity (VS) profiles of soil sites. The dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM) method can provide forward modeling of Rayleigh surface waves to simulate complex wave propagation in layered soil sites. However, contamination from body waves and interference of multiple Rayleigh wave modes can reduce the accuracy of theoretical dispersion curves, especially at irregular soil sites with embedded low-velocity or high-velocity layers. An analytical method is developed herein to combine the techniques of the multichannel analysis of surface waves method with the DSM method to improve the accuracy of the theoretical dispersion analysis for soil sites. The proposed method implements multichannel analysis of the analytical displacement responses to capture dominant dispersion trends. Comparison of the results obtained with the new method against those from the transfer matrix method and the literature indicates that the new method can (1) effectively minimize the effects of contamination caused by body waves and interference from several Rayleigh wave modes, and (2) generate accurate dominant dispersion trends for soil sites with various stiffness profiles, especially for the high-frequency dispersion characteristics of the profiles with embedded low-velocity layers. 相似文献
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A. V. Gorbatikov M. Yu. Stepanova G. E. Korablev 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2008,44(7):577-592
Experiments and numerical model studies have shown that heterogeneities of the Earth’s crust distort the spectrum of the low
frequency microseismic field, decreasing spectral amplitudes of a specific frequency f at the Earth’s surface over high velocity heterogeneities and increasing them above low velocity heterogeneities. The frequency
f is connected with the depth of a heterogeneity H and the velocity of the fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves V
R
(f) through the relation H = 0.5 V
R
(f)/f. The low frequency microseismic field is considered as the superposition of trains of Rayleigh fundamental modes with different
frequency spectra. The paper proposes an experimentally tested technology enabling the determination of the deep structure
of complex geological objects using data on the microseismic background field. 相似文献