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1.
Flood risk analysis in the Kosi river basin, north Bihar using multi-parametric approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R. Sinha G. V. Bapalu L. K. Singh B. Rath 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2008,36(4):335-349
The Kosi river in north Bihar plains, eastern India presents a challenge in terms of long and recurring flood hazard. Despite a long history of flood control management in the basin for more than 5 decades, the river continues to bring a lot of misery through extensive flooding. This paper revisits the flooding problem in the Kosi river basin and presents an in-depth analysis of flood hydrology. We integrate the hydrological analysis with a GIS-based flood risk mapping in parts of the basin. Typical hydrological characteristics of the Kosi river include very high discharge variability, and high sediment flux from an uplifting hinterland. Annual peak discharges often exceed the mean annual flood and the low-lying tracts of the alluvial plains are extensively inundated year after year. Our flood risk analysis follows a multi-parametric approach using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and integrates geomorphological, land cover, topographic and social (population density) parameters to propose a Flood Risk Index (FRI). The flood risk map is validated with long-term inundation maps and offers a cost-effective solution for planning mitigation measures in flood-prone areas. 相似文献
2.
洪涝灾害是当前世界的最主要的自然灾害之一,做好防洪非工程措施是减少洪灾损失的重要手段。安徽省沿江地区经济发展受到洪涝灾害的严重威胁。介绍了以Visual Studio 2008和ArcGIS Engine 9.3为开发工具。利用加权综合评分法(WCA)和层次分析法(AHP),建立洪涝灾害风险指数模型。结合ArcGIS Engine组件开发技术,初步设计出洪涝灾害风险评价信息系统。该系统的最主要功能是对安徽省沿江地区进行洪涝灾害风险评价,最终为该区防洪决策提供技术支持。 相似文献
3.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):343-355
The Chi River basin is the lifeline of northeast Thailand and suffers from recurrent flood and drought. The fundamental solution lies in storing the flood water and using it in the dry months for agriculture and domestic use. This paper describes a methodology that can help identify the optimum of flood retention reservoirs based on the use of an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The parameters considered in the study were salt crust, soil drainage, slope, land use, and geological formation. AHP was used to compute the weights of the main and sub-criteria. These weights were employed to determine a Water Harvesting Potential Index (WHPI). Based on the analysis, potential areas were categorized as excellent, good, moderate, and poor candidates. These data were converted into vector layers for creating water harvesting zone maps. The capacity of the potential reservoirs was computed in a GIS environment using an analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) and maps of potential water harvesting zones. The DEM had some missing data points, which were filled and calibrated. The map was validated with a field survey of the flood water retention site and the reservoir sites under the supervision of Regional Office of Irrigation 6, Thailand. The proposed methodology improved the ability to identify the location of flood water retention reservoirs in Thailand. 相似文献
4.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are well suited to support environmental modeling for dealing with space. However, some of the limitations of current GIS are the lack of tools for comprehensive documentation of the models, the inadequate representation of fields, and the deficient methodology for comprehensive management of uncertainty. Using Digital Terrain Modeling and Analysis as an example, this paper proposes an enhanced approach to overcome these drawbacks. It suggests implementing sophisticated functionality for modeling and analysis of fields in special-purpose modules outside monolithic GIS. These modules include three components: (1) an extensive framework for metainformation that allows a sound assessment of the fitness-for-use of digital field representations for environmental modeling applications, (2) an explicit digital representation of the field phenomenon equipped with the appropriate tools for the derivation of data, and (3) the methods to assess the quality of derived data. A standardized interface enables communication between the module and other software components. The presented modular approach combines the functionality of common GIS with highly specialized modeling and analysis tools encapsulating expert knowledge about the represented phenomena. 相似文献
5.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):93-104
This study investigates the trends and error bounds in HAZUS flood hazard modeling due to changes in two parameters: threshold drainage area and study region size. Using the city of Ozark, Missouri, U.S.A., as a case study area, we compared modeled floodplains, flood debris, and economic loss in 24 threshold drainage areas and 20 study region sizes. The results show that the total floodplain area and total economic loss decrease with increasing threshold drainage area while the total amount of flood debris has an increasing trend. A threshold drainage area of 2.00 square miles is regarded as the optimal parameter for future HAZUS flood modeling for Ozark, based on the comparison of modeled floodplains with the FEMA Q3 floodplains. The total floodplain area and total economic loss tend to be larger at a larger study region, while no clear trend has been observed in the amount of flood debris. A study region of one county is suggested for future flood modeling because this size produces stable flood estimates and is also a convenient choice. 相似文献
6.
Possibilities of soil spectroscopy for the classification of contaminated areas in river floodplains
Lammert Kooistra Ron Wehrens Lutgarde MC Buydens Rob S. E. W. Leuven Piet H Nienhuis 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2001,3(4):337
During the past decades, large amounts of diffuse contaminated soil material have been deposited in the floodplains of the river Rhine in the Netherlands. The dynamic character of this river causes a large spatial variability in the contamination level of its floodplain soils. Characterisation of the spatial variability exclusively based on soil sampling and analysis is often insufficient and expensive. Hyperspectral images can provide additional spatial information for a proper characterisation of the contamination situation of river floodplains. This paper describes the possible application of soil spectroscopy to estimate metal concentration levels in river floodplains. Soil reflectance spectra in the visible-near infrared region (VNIR) were measured in the laboratory for soil samples taken from two river floodplains along the river Waal, the main tributary of the river Rhine in the Netherlands. A multivariate calibration procedure using partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to establish a relationship between reflectance spectra in the visible-near infrared (VNIR) region and spectrally active soil characteristics (organic matter and clay content) that are intercorrelated with concentration levels of Cd and Zn. Results of the analysis of two river floodplains are summarised and the influence of scale-level and sub soil material on the prediction capability is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Iran is dominated by arid and semi-arid climate with sporadic rainfall which creates seasonal floods and causes considerable damages and occasionally loss of life. The current research with the aim of flood damage reduction presents an innovative applied methodology for spatial optimization of flood control measures based on sub-catchments location. The presented methodology determines the contribution of each sub-catchment to the main catchment outlet flood peak and prioritizes sub-catchments for implementation of flood control measures. For this purpose catchment flood hydrographs are simulated by calibration and evaluation of a hydrologic model. The isochrones of the catchment have been computed and drawn and sub-catchment spatial distribution is investigated in relation to isochronal areas. Considering both spatial distribution and flooding potential of sub-catchments and their combined effects on the flood peak, their contribution to flood peak was modified by implementing flood control measure. Testing of this methodology on an experimental catchment indicated that sub-catchments located near the centroid of the catchment with an area of 64.6 km2 have the greatest effects on flood peak for the overall catchment with an area of 284.6 km2. It was concluded that flood control measures should be concentrated in these sub-catchments as the first priority. 相似文献
8.
Vinod Kumar Sharma G. Srinivasa Rao E. Amminedu P. V. Nagamani Abhinav Shukla K. Ram Mohan Rao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(1):39-55
Flood management is a set of activities that have to be carried out in collaboration with multiple agencies. Advanced flood information with early warning generated using remote sensing satellite technologies can help the agencies to effectively manage the situation on ground. Various environmental parameters and forecasts provided by different agencies can be analyzed and compared with historical flood events for generating probable flood event alerts. The information (environmental parameters) provided by the agencies are heterogeneous and noncompliant to standards and distributed in nature. Synchronization of data from distributed resources and automation of data analysis process for flood management is a primary prerequisite for faster and efficient decision-making. Web 2.0-based web services enable data creation, sharing, communication, and collaboration on web. Spatial data sharing on web 2.0 for making quality of service using open-source software for efficient flood management is a challenge. Available software architectures proposed for risk and environmental crisis management are too generic in nature and needs lot of modification for flood management. An event-driven model coupled with data standardization procedures using service-oriented architecture provides an effective framework for flood management. In this paper, a framework capable of collecting heterogeneous distributed flood-related information for analyzing and alerting probable flood events is proposed. The framework has been implemented to generate automatic flood extent maps, by analyzing the distributed satellite data (as service). The automation of flood delineation process reduces the overall flood product generation time. Open-source web tools have been utilized in development of spatial information system to visualize and analyze the actual situation on ground facilitating overall decision-making process. 相似文献
9.
Mazlan Hashim Syarifuddin Misbari Amin Beiranvand Pour 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(2):233-248
Integration of satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques is an applicable approach for landslide mapping and assessment in highly vegetated regions with a tropical climate. In recent years, there have been many severe flooding and landslide events with significant damage to livestock, agricultural crop, homes, and businesses in the Kelantan river basin, Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, Landsat-8 and phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar-2 (PALSAR-2) datasets and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach were used to map landslide in Kelantan river basin, Peninsular Malaysia. Landslides were determined by tracking changes in vegetation pixel data using Landsat-8 images that acquired before and after flooding. The PALSAR-2 data were used for comprehensive analysis of major geological structures and detailed characterizations of lineaments in the state of Kelantan. AHP approach was used for landslide susceptibility mapping. Several factors such as slope, aspect, soil, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index, land cover, distance to drainage, precipitation, distance to fault, and distance to the road were extracted from remotely sensed data and fieldwork to apply AHP approach. The excessive rainfall during the flood episode is a paramount factor for numerous landslide occurrences at various magnitudes, therefore, rainfall analysis was carried out based on daily precipitation before and during flood episode in the Kelantan state. The main triggering factors for landslides are mainly due to the extreme precipitation rate during the flooding period, apart from the favorable environmental factors such as removal of vegetation within slope areas, and also landscape development near slopes. Two main outputs of this study were landslide inventory occurrences map during 2014 flooding episode and landslide susceptibility map for entire Kelantan state. Modeled/predicted landslides with a susceptible map generated prior and post-flood episode, confirmed that intense rainfall throughout Kelantan has contributed to produce numerous landslides with various sizes. It is concluded that precipitation is the most influential factor for landslide event. According to the landslide susceptibility map, 65% of the river basin of Kelantan is found to be under the category of low landslide susceptibility zone, while 35% class in a high-altitude segment of the south and south-western part of the Kelantan state located within high susceptibility zone. Further actions and caution need to be remarked by the local related authority of the Kelantan state in very high susceptibility zone to avoid further wealth and people loss in the future. Geo-hazard mitigation programs must be conducted in the landslide recurrence regions for reducing natural catastrophes leading to loss of financial investments and death in the Kelantan river basin. This investigation indicates that integration of Landsat-8 and PALSAR-2 remotely sensed data and GIS techniques is an applicable tool for Landslide mapping and assessment in tropical environments. 相似文献
10.
本文首先采用基于多准则决策的层次分析评价法,根据自然灾害风险理论,将洪涝风险影响因子分为危险性和脆弱性两类,子准则层包括平均降雨量、汇流累积量、坡度、海拔和土地覆盖度、道路级别、地表产流能力7个因子,构建了道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型。然后以福建省武夷山地区为研究区,利用地形数据、气象数据及遥感影像提取土地覆盖类型数据,通过道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型,绘制了道路风险分区图。结果表明,中、高风险积水道路占比较高,主要集中在东部、西部和中南部地区。本文对道路洪涝灾害风险所进行的评价,可服务于洪涝灾害风险预警和应急救援规划。 相似文献
11.
Towards an Automated Comparison of OpenStreetMap with Authoritative Road Datasets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Maria Antonia Brovelli Marco Minghini Monia Molinari Peter Mooney 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(2):191-206
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an extraordinarily large and diverse spatial database of the world. Road networks are amongst the most frequently occurring spatial content within the OSM database. These road network representations are usable in many applications. However the quality of these representations can vary between locations. Comparing OSM road networks with authoritative road datasets for a given area or region is an important task in assessing OSM's fitness for use for applications like routing and navigation. Such comparisons can be technically challenging and no software implementation exists which facilitates them easily and automatically. In this article we develop and propose a flexible methodology for comparing the geometry of OSM road network data with other road datasets. Quantitative measures for the completeness and spatial accuracy of OSM are computed, including the compatibility of OSM road data with other map databases. Our methodology provides users with significant flexibility in how they can adjust the parameterization to suit their needs. This software implementation is exclusively built on open source software and a significant degree of automation is provided for these comparisons. This software can subsequently be extended and adapted for comparison between OSM and other external road datasets. 相似文献
12.
Sagar S. Salunkhe S. S. Rao I. Prabu V. Raghu Venkataraman Y. V. N. Krishna Murthy Chintamani Sadolikar Supriya Deshpande 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(6):915-925
In many flood prone river basins, water inundates vast areas of land causing loss of life and heavy damage to the dwellings in flood plains. It also impacts agricultural productivity and cause severe economic losses. One of the reasons for flooding in plains of Brahmaputra valley in north east India is embankment breaching. In this study, an attempt was made for probabilistic flood hazard modelling of July 2008 embankment breaching scenario of Brahmaputra river at Matmara village, Lakhimpur district in Assam, based on various numerical simulations with the help of Center for Computational Hydro science and Engineering hydro-dynamic model. The methodology was applied over 2146 km2 flood prone area. Data inputs in the study include: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Digital Elevation Model, Pre-flood and Post flood satellite images of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and other ancillary data. The simulation was carried out for various discharge levels based on flood frequency analysis. The result of the model includes spatial variations of inundated water depth and water velocity. The results were validated by comparing it with the post-flood ETM+ data and flood situation status report of National Informatics Centre. Flood hazard maps were prepared by carrying out a spatial analysis of simulated inundation depth and velocity. It was seen that the majority of flooded area fell into the very high and high categories. This information can be used to plan appropriate cost effective flood mitigation schemes. 相似文献
13.
将GIS技术引入洪涝灾害风险评估，可以弥补传统方法评估结果空间化显示不足的缺点。本文针对浙江省洪涝灾害的发生特点，从危险性和易损性两方面选择了浙江省洪涝灾害的影响因素，包括降雨量、地形、河网密度、人口密度和耕地百分比等因子。运用GIS空间分析技术对各因子进行空间化，结合层次分析法（AHP）确定各影响因素的权重，进行浙江省洪涝灾害风险评估和制图，并基于SuperMap iObjects平台设计与开发了浙江省洪涝灾害风险评估系统。研究结果表明：浙江省发生洪涝灾害的风险普遍偏高，高风险区域位于浙北和浙东南的沿海地带，较高风险区域位于浙东、浙南和浙北地区及金衢盆地中间地区，中等风险区位于浙南的西面、浙北及浙西地区。本文分析结果可为浙江省洪涝灾害预防和管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
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Airborne radar technology has traditionally been largely devoted to military applications. In recent years, applications in telecommunications, oil exploration and agriculture have proved that radar technology can also be used commercially. This paper focuses on an application of airborne radar technology in the insurance industry and describes the development of a large-scale flood risk assessment model for the River Thames. The model is based upon airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and was built with commonly used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and image processing tools. From the Orthorectified Images (ORIs) a land cover map was produced, from which a surface roughness map could be derived. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was processed to remove trees and other soft barriers and obtain the effective ground level. This was achieved by using standard GIS processes. The methodology may be applicable to any organisation exposed to flood risk. 相似文献
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Man has had to live with floods since the very inception of his existence. Fury of flood causes heavy damages to both life and property. Accurate flood inundation data is one of the essential requirements for effective management of flood problem. Remote Sensing methods are well suited for acquiring flood inundation data because of synoptic, repetitive coverage of the satellite data. This paper briefs on an attempt to map flood inundated areas in a part of Mahanadi river basin using remote sensing data. 相似文献
18.
Caitlin Balthrop Moffitt Faisal Hossain Robert F. Adler Koray K. Yilmaz Harold F. Pierce 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Although the TRMM-based Flood Detection System (FDS) has been in operation in near real-time since 2006, the flood ‘detection’ capability has been validated mostly against qualitative reports in news papers and other types of media. In this study, a more quantitative validation of the FDS over Bangladesh against in situ measurements is presented. Using measured stream flow and rainfall data, the study analyzed the flood detection capability from space for three very distinct river systems in Bangladesh: (1) Ganges– a snowmelt-fed river regulated by upstream India, (2) Brahmaputra – a snow-fed river that is braided, and (3) Meghna – a rain-fed and relatively flashier river. The quantitative assessment showed that the effectiveness of the TRMM-based FDS can vary as a function of season and drainage basin characteristics. Overall, the study showed that the TRMM-based FDS has great potential for flood prone countries like Bangladesh that are faced with tremendous hurdles in transboundary flood management. The system had a high probability of detection overall, but produced increased false alarms during the monsoon period and in regulated basins (Ganges), undermining the credibility of the FDS flood warnings for these situations. For this reason, FDS users are cautioned to verify FDS estimates during the monsoon period and for regulated rivers before implementing flood management practices. Planned improvements by FDS developers involving physically-based hydrologic modeling should transform the system into a more accurate tool for near real-time decision making on flood management for ungauged river basins of the world. 相似文献
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Amadou K. Thiam 《Transactions in GIS》2005,9(4):507-520
This study explores the combination of expert and local knowledge for an integrated evaluation of land degradation in southern Mauritania. The expert knowledge uses two imprecise information and uncertainty management tools, Fuzzy measure theory and Dempster‐Shafer theory, mediated by expert knowledge, to integrate data collected using local knowledge. Fuzzy measures were found to be an efficient way of handling uncertainty of data compiled from local environmental knowledge and uniformly scaling all land degradation indicator variables to the same numerical range of values. The two techniques allowed scaling and integration of 13 evidential themes characterizing southern Mauritania. The cartographic outputs of this study show the potential of Fuzzy measure theory and Demspter‐Shafer theory as powerful complementary environmental resource management tools. On a scale of 0.0 to 1.0, the maps indicate the degree of degradation. The seriousness of land degradation decreases from settlements, roads, and watering points outward. As such, they constitute an excellent guide for resource allocation and rehablitation plans. 相似文献